COMBINATION CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTS ON MONTHLY CYCLE OF PLASMA ALDOSTERONE, RENIN ACTIVITY AND RENIN SUBSTRATE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Katz ◽  
Peggy Romfh ◽  
Judith A. Smith ◽  
Ellen F. Roper ◽  
John S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Menstruating Women

ABSTRACT A post-ovulatory peak of fasting supine plasma aldosterone (PA) preceded or accompanied by an increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) was previously reported. These studies have now been extended in 4 additional normal menstruating women and 4 women taking oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptive pills (OCP), all studied daily for an entire cycle. Distinct luteal phase increases in PRA were seen in the 4 normals, with 2 also demonstrating a rise in PA. Plasma renin substrate (PRS) was usually unvarying throughout the control cycles. The women taking OCP, on the other hand, all had PA and PRA peaks that were apparent by the fourth or fifth day of taking "the pill". All 4 of the treated women had elevated PRS levels but only one woman showed an increase which preceded the elevation of PRA and PA. Plasma cortisol levels were usually above the normal range in the women taking OCP. This study thus indicates that factors other than oestrogen-induced increased substrate production may be responsible for the PRA and PA rise during OCP treatment Such factors might be the natri-uretic effects of oestrogens and progestogens or a direct effect on renin secretion by one of these steroids.

Studies on the mechanism by which ACTH stimulates renin activity and angiotensin II formation in man

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Oelkers ◽  
Angelika Köhler ◽  
Lutz Belkien ◽  
Regina Fuchs-Hammoser ◽  
Mahamane Maiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract. Ten IU of ACTH (1–24) per day was infused for 34 h (starting at 7 a.m.) into 8 normal men on a constant diet containing 135 mm Na+ per day. All subjects retained between 152 and 181 mm of sodium. Potassium balance was negative. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasmaangiotensin II (P-A II) started to rise in most subjects after 6 to 8 h of infusion, reached a maximum after 24 h and then tended to decline. As shown previously, the rise in PRA is not due to a rise in plasma renin substrate concentration. Systolic, but not diastolic blood pressure increased significantly on the second day of ACTH-infusion. Plasma cortisol (P-F) was continuously stimulated by ACTH. Plasma aldosterone (P-aldo) increased rapidly 1 h after ACTH administration, then tended to fall, and increased again in most subjects, roughly in parallel with PRA. No significant changes in electrolyte balance, PRA, P-A II, P-F and P-aldo occurred in 3 subjects receiving 'sham'-infusions. Additional experiments in subjects treated with propranolol or indomethacin allowed the conclusion that the effect of ACTH on PRA and P-A II is not mediated by renal beta-adrenergic receptors, but perhaps (partially?) by prostaglandins. Since the infusion rate of ACTH was not much higher than the secretion rate of ACTH in the early morning hours, it is possible that ACTH is physiologically involved in the regulation of renin secretion.

Renin, aldosterone, electrolyte, and cortisol responses to hypoxic decompression

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
G. W. Viol ◽  
G. W. Gray ◽  
M. McFadden ◽  
P. M. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Mountain Sickness ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Mountain Sickness

Responses of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, plasma cortisol, and plasma electrolyte concentration and urinary electrolyte and aldosterone excretion were studied in four men during hypoxic decompression to a stimulated altitude of 4,760 m in a pressure chamber. Three of the four subjects developed significant acute mountain sickness. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were unchanged. No significant change in plasma renin activity was observed, but values tended to fall. Plasma aldosterone concentration was depressed while plasma cortisol was elevated and diurnal variation lost. Urinary sodium excretion was unchanged, but urinary potassium and aldosterone excretion were decreased. The decrease in plasma and urinary aldosterone and urinary potassium in the absence of change in plasma renin activity or plasma potassium is of uncertain origin. It is unlikely to be due to a decrease in adrenocorticotropin secretion since plasma cortisol rose during the same time. None of the changes could be causally implicated in the development of acute mountain sickness although the increase in plasma cortisol was greatest in the most ill.

DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF PLASMA ALDOSTERONE IN SUPINE MAN: RELATIONSHIP TO PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND PLASMA CORTISOL

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Armbruster ◽  
Wilhelm Vetter ◽  
Rainer Beckerhoff ◽  
Jürg Nussberger ◽  
Hans Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Sodium Restriction

ABSTRACT In order to investigate the role of renin secretion and of ACTH on the circadian rhythm of plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol (PC) and PA were determined at short-time intervals in 10 normal supine men. Six subjects were studied under a normal sodium intake and 4 under sodium restriction. In 4 subjects the secretion of ACTH was suppressed by dexamethasone. Under normal sodium intake changes in PA seemed to be more in parallel with changes in PC than by those in PRA as indicated by a higher significant correlation between PA and PC than between PA and PRA in 3 of the 4 subjects. In 1 subject no correlation was observed between PA and PC despite visual synchronism between the plasma concentrations of both hormones. Under dexamethasone medication fluctuations in PA were followed by those in PRA while PC was less than 2 μg/100 ml. In the sodium restricted state, changes in PA were closely paralleled and significantly correlated to PRA while no correlation was seen between PA and PC. Under dexamethasone medication the significant correlation between PA and PRA persisted. Our results indicate that in normal supine man the influence of ACTH and renin on PA may vary with different sodium intakes. Under normal sodium intake ACTH seems to be the dominant factor controlling PA, whereas under sodium restriction changes in PA are mediated through the renin angiotensin system. When the secretion of ACTH is suppressed by dexamethasone, renin controls PA both under normal and low sodium intake.

Evidence for two independent effects of oestradiol benzoate on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Kaulhausen ◽  
Cornelia Weyand
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Independent Effects

Abstract. Plasma renin concentrations (PRC), plasma renin substrate concentration (PRS), plasma aldosterone and cortisol concentrations as well as plama renin activity (PRA) were measured in ovariectomized subjects after im administration of 10 mg oestradiol benzoate (EB). The esterified oestrogen exerts two independent effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. 1) 48 h after EB administration, PRS was significantly increased. Similar results were obtained for total plasma cortisol, reflecting transcortin concentration. In both cases, the increase was quantitatively related to the basal concentrations. These observations are consistent with the well known oestrogen-induced protein synthesis in the liver. 2) The elevation of PRC preceded that of PRS and was already significant 11 h after EB injection. The early rise in plasma renin activity was essentially caused by the increase in PRC, whereas an influence of the activated substrate synthesis was found later, between the 2nd and the 4th day post injection. The time course of plasma aldosterone concentration correlated well with the increased PRA. The results provide evidence that EB has two different effects on the renin-aldosterone axis: an early one by elevating renin release and a delayed one by increasing renin substrate synthesis. Whereas the second mechanism can clearly be localized in the liver, extrarenal as well as direct renal effects of EB may be responsible for the renin stimulation.

PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY, PLASMA RENIN SUBSTRATE AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN RELATION TO THE CONCENTRATION OF PROGESTERONE AND OESTROGENS IN THE PLASMA

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan A. Sundsfjord ◽  
A. Aakvaag
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Normal Increase

ABSTRACT The relative importance of endogenous progesterone and oestrogens on the rise in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle has been investigated in two groups of young women. One group (luteal group) had plasma progesterone levels of 7–19.5 ng/ml (mean 12.3; sem 1.3) in the second half of the cycle. The other group (luteal failure group) had plasma progesterone levels of 1.5–3.0 ng/ml, (mean 2.1; sem 0.16), on the corresponding days in the second half of the cycle. The plasma oestrogen levels and the oestriol excretion did not differ between the groups at any stage of the cycle. In the luteal group the normal increase in plasma progesterone and plasma oestrogens and in oestriol excretion was accompanied by a doubling in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion, whereas the plasma renin substrate levels did not change significantly. In the luteal failure group, no significant increase was found in either plasma renin activity or in urinary aldosterone excretion, in spite of the unchanged plasma oestrogen levels and oestriol excretion. In this group too the plasma renin substrate levels showed no change from the first to the second half of the cycle. It is concluded that the rise in plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II concentration and urinary aldosterone excretion in the luteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle is caused by increased progesterone production.

Effect of Propranolol Therapy on Aldosterone Responses to Angiotensin II and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Golub ◽  
M. L. Tuck ◽  
D. B. Fittingoff
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Propranolol Therapy

1. The plasma aldosterone responses to exogenous angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were studied before and after 1 month of propranolol therapy (120–240 mg/day) in eight patients with essential hypertension. 2. Basal supine plasma renin activity was decreased (P < 0.001) after propranolol, whereas plasma aldosterone was unchanged. After 3 h of upright posture the increases in both plasma renin activity and aldosterone were decreased (P < 0.05) after propranolol. 3. Plasma aldosterone responses to exogenous angiotensin II and ACTH were not significantly different after propranolol. Serum and urinary electrolytes and plasma cortisol were also unaffected by propranolol therapy. 4. It is concluded that changes in adrenal sensitivity are not responsible for maintaining unchanged supine plasma aldosterone concentrations after β-adrenoceptor antagonism in essential hypertension.

VARIATIONS IN PLASMA ALDOSTERONE AND PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY THROUGHOUT THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PRE-OVULATORY PERIOD

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan A. Sundsfjord ◽  
A. Aakvaag
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovulatory Period

ABSTRACT The day to day variations in plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity throughout the menstrual cycle have been investigated in healthy young women. A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for the measurement of plasma aldosterone is described. The actual hormone parameters have been correlated with fluctuations in plasma oestradiol and progesterone, and LH has been measured for the determination of time of ovulation. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone gradually increased two to four times from the early follicular to the mid-luteal phase, in accordance with earlier observations. In one woman using a beta adrenergic blocking agent plasma renin activity rose only slightly, whereas a normal rise in plasma aldosterone was noted. Another woman became pregnant during the cycle investigated. In this subject neither plasma renin activity nor plasma aldosterone decreased at the end of the cycle. Plasma aldosterone was almost doubled on the pre-ovulatory day, as compared with the early follicular phase, whereas no significant change in plasma renin activity or plasma renin substrate was found. The cause of this pre-ovulatory increase in plasma aldosterone is not known.

scholarly journals Effects of prolonged infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor and IGF-I on adrenocortical differentiation in the autotransplanted adrenal: an immunohistochemical study

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vendeira ◽  
D Pignatelli ◽  
D Neves ◽  
MM Magalhaes ◽  
MC Magalhaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Igf I

Adrenocortical regeneration after adrenal autotransplantation provides a model for the study of local autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involved in the growth and differentiation of the adrenal cortex. To study the possible involvement of some growth factors, namely basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), in cell differentiation, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out on adrenal autotransplants in adult male rats. To distinguish between fasciculata and glomerulosa-like cells with accuracy, tissue sections were immunostained with IZAb, which recognizes the inner zone antigen (IZAg) present in fasciculata and reticularis cells but absent from the glomerulosa, and by electron microscopy. IGF-I-treated animals exhibited a clear glomerulosa-like zone that was devoid of IZAb immunostaining. In this outer subcapsular area, ultrastructural examination showed cells containing mitochondria with irregular cristae resembling those of the fetal or immature glomerulosa cells. In contrast, no significant morphological differences were observed in bFGF-treated animals when compared with those from saline-treated controls, in both of which, IZAb immunostaining occurred in almost all adrenocortical cells, with no clear zonation or glomerulosa, as seen in the intact animal. Plasma aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations were lower in autotransplanted control animals than in intact controls, although plasma renin activities were similar. IGF-I treatment significantly increased aldosterone concentrations, whereas corticosterone and plasma renin activity were reduced. bFGF infusion further reduced plasma aldosterone, although plasma renin activity and corticosterone were unaffected. These results suggest that the two growth factors have different effects on zonal differentiation and function in the autotransplanted gland. In particular, bFGF, by reducing glomerulosa function, appears partly to replicate the actions of ACTH in normal animals. In contrast, IGF-I enhances the glomerulosa secreting phenotype and diminishes that of the fasciculata/reticularis, possibly replicating the actions of angiotensin II or a low sodium diet.

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