Differential calcium response of normal and adenomatous parathyroid glands

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Diete ◽  
Fritz Hölzel ◽  
Hartmut Arps ◽  
Max Bressel
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Calcium Response ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Pth Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. In vitro parathyroid hormone secretion of normal (n = 10) and adenomatous (n = 20) human parathyroid glands was compared in response to different calcium (Ca++) concentrations. The glands, prepared for tissue culture immediately after surgical removal, were incubated under identical conditions for 6 h. The medium was changed hourly and analyzed for PTH and cAMP using radioimmunoassay. During the first 2 h of the experiment, the Ca++ concentrations of all preparations was kept constant at 1.2 mm equivalent to the normal Ca++ level of the intercellular space. The PTH level of the 2nd h was defined as reference value corresponding to 100%. After the 2nd h of incubation the Ca++ concentration in the medium was shifted either to low (0.9 or 0.6 mm) or to high (1.9 or 2.6 mm) values. In low Ca++ concentrations (0.6 mm) the normal parathyroid glands responded by stimulation of the PTH release up to 310% in relation to the reference value, whereas the adenomas enhanced the PTH release to 160% only. The incubations in 0.9 mm Ca++ resulted in a slightly lower degree of stimulation. During the incubation in high Ca++ the PTH secretion was reduced to 28% by normal glands and to 52% by adenomatous parathyroid glands. Movements of cAMP measurements paralleled PTH values. The study provides evidence for an abnormally low responsiveness of parathyroid adenomas to Ca++ when compared with normal glands. The reduction in Ca++ responsiveness of adenomatous cells appears to have a fundamental role in primary hyperparathyroidism since the tumour cells may obviously recognize normal Ca++ levels as 'hypocalcaemic' and react by a stimulated PTH secretion.

THE EFFECT OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE PARATHYROID HORMONE SECRETION OF PORCINE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND HUMAN PARATHYROID ADENOMAS IN VITRO

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Altenähr ◽  
M. Dietel ◽  
G. Dorn ◽  
R. Montz
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Feedback Inhibitor ◽  
Adenoma Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone Release ◽  
Immunoreactive Parathyroid Hormone

ABSTRACT The effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2-D3) on parathyroid hormone secretion by porcine parathyroid glands and human parathyroid adenoma tissue was investigated by in vitro incubation. The addition of 100 nmoles 1,25-(OH)2-D3 to the medium inhibited significantly the release of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone by 63–65 %. This suppression was reversible when 1.25-(OH)2-D3 was removed again. The inhibition of parathyroid hormone release observed in human parathyroid adenoma tissue was similar to that in normal porcine parathyroid glands. This indicates that adenoma tissue is sensitive to regulatory influences. As well as calcium, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 may act as another feedback inhibitor of parathyroid hormone secretion.

scholarly journals Obestatin Partially Affects Ghrelin Stimulation of Food Intake and Growth Hormone Secretion in Rodents

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1648-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Zizzari ◽  
Romaine Longchamps ◽  
Jacques Epelbaum ◽  
Marie Thérèse Bluet-Pajot
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Stimulation Of

Administration of ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR 1a), induces potent stimulating effects on GH secretion and food intake. However, more than 7 yr after its discovery, the role of endogenous ghrelin remains elusive. Recently, a second peptide, obestatin, also generated from proteolytic cleavage of preproghrelin has been identified. This peptide inhibits food intake and gastrointestinal motility but does not modify in vitro GH release from pituitary cells. In this study, we have reinvestigated obestatin functions by measuring plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels in a period of spontaneous feeding in ad libitum-fed and 24-h fasted mice. Whereas fasting resulted in elevated ghrelin levels, obestatin levels were significantly reduced. Exogenous obestatin per se did not modify food intake in fasted and fed mice. However, it inhibited ghrelin orexigenic effect that were evident in fed mice only. The effects of obestatin on GH secretion were monitored in superfused pituitary explants and in freely moving rats. Obestatin was only effective in vivo to inhibit ghrelin stimulation of GH levels. Finally, the relationship between octanoylated ghrelin, obestatin, and GH secretions was evaluated by iterative blood sampling every 20 min during 6 h in freely moving adult male rats. The half-life of exogenous obestatin (10 μg iv) in plasma was about 22 min. Plasma obestatin levels exhibited an ultradian pulsatility with a frequency slightly lower than octanoylated ghrelin and GH. Ghrelin and obestatin levels were not strictly correlated. In conclusion, these results show that obestatin, like ghrelin, is secreted in a pulsatile manner and that in some conditions; obestatin can modulate exogenous ghrelin action. It remains to be determined whether obestatin modulates endogenous ghrelin actions.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Refractoriness to Thyrotropin Stimulation of Iodine Organification and Thyroid Hormone Secretion

1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Field ◽  
Andrew Dekker ◽  
Gail Titus ◽  
Mary Eleanor Kerins ◽  
William Worden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Can Met-PET/CT Predict Sporadic Multiglandular Hyperparathyroidism? Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Andreas Hillenbrand ◽  
Johannes Lemke ◽  
Doris Henne-Bruns ◽  
Ambros J. Beer ◽  
Vikas Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Mediastinum ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Preoperative Localization ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Ectopic Parathyroid ◽  
Met Pet

Background. Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common endocrine disorder of the parathyroid glands. In most cases pHPT is caused by single gland disease, but about 10% of patients suffer from sporadic multiglandular disease (MGD). Patients with MGD, especially with ectopic parathyroid adenomas, have an increased risk for persistence/recurrence after surgery. Normally, sporadic MGD cannot be diagnosed preoperatively by parathyroid scintigraphy. We analyzed the potential of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Met-PET/CT) to predict MGD. Methods and Case Presentation. We reviewed the literature, if preoperative Met-PET/CT could predict MGD in patients with pHPT. Further, we present a 71-year-old female with ectopic MGD. Preoperative localization via Met-PET/CT showed MGD with two areas suspected to be enlarged parathyroid glands (left lateral to the thyroid lobe and posterior mediastinum). Both diagnostic findings were extirpated and parathormone dropped into normal levels. Results. We identified four additional manuscripts, referring to MGD and Met-PET/CT with divergent results. Preoperative localization diagnostics using Met-PET/CT may not necessarily identify MGD. In most cases, Met-PET/CT localized only one adenoma and localizes larger adenomas more reliably than smaller adenomas. Conclusion. Identifying patients at risk of MGD preoperatively remains challenging. We found MET-PET/CT seems to predict MGD in patients with large size and high weight PTH adenomas. For ectopic parathyroid adenomas, accurate preoperative localization is the key to successful surgical removal. Met-PET/CT appears to have great potential in soft-tissue analysis of complex anatomical regions and can predict ectopic parathyroid adenomas.

Calcitonin Stimulation of Parathyroid Hormone Secretion in Vitro

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fischer ◽  
S. Oldham ◽  
G. Sizemore ◽  
C. Arnaud
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Effect of exogenous glucocorticoid on osmotically stimulated antidiuretic hormone secretion and on water reabsorption in man

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Bähr ◽  
Norma Franzen ◽  
Wolfgang Oelkers ◽  
Andreas F H Pfeiffer ◽  
Sven Diederich
Keyword(s):  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Osmotic Stimulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: Glucocorticoids exert tonic suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Hypocortisolism in secondary adrenocortical insufficiency can result in a clinical picture similar to the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. On the other hand, in vitro and in vivo results provide evidence for ADH suppression in states of hypercortisolism. To test the hypothesis that ADH suppression is of relevance during glucocorticoid therapy, we investigated the influence of prednisolone on the osmotic stimulation of ADH. Design and methods: Seven healthy men were subjected to water deprivation tests with the measurement of plasma ADH (pADH) and osmolality (posmol) before and after glucocorticoid treatment (5 days 30 mg prednisolone per day). Results: Before glucocorticoid treatment, the volunteers showed a normal test with an adequate increase of pADH (basal 0.54 ± 0.2 to 1.9 ± 0.72 pg/ml (mean ± S.D.)) in relation to posmol(basal 283.3 ± 8.5 to 293.7 ± 6 mosmol/kg). After prednisolone intake, pADH was attenuated (<0.4 pg/ml) in spite of an increase of posmol from 289.3 ± 3.6 to 297.0 ± 5.5 mosmol/kg. However, urine osmolar concentration increased normally during water deprivation after prednisolone. Urinary cAMP excretion increased during water deprivation without glucocorticoid treatment from 3.56 ± 0.55 to 6.07 ± 0.76 μmol/l, reflecting the increased pADH levels. The rise in cAMP excretion was completely blunted by prednisolone treatment. Conclusions: We speculate that there may be an ADH-independent stimulation of the formation or function of aquaporin-2 channels by prednisolone and/or a direct osmotic stimulation of water reabsorption independent of ADH and glucocorticoid control.

THE SEROTONIN RETAINING EFFECT OF LITHIUM IN THE RAT THYROID

1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vejlsted ◽  
O. Korsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The hypothesis of a lithium induced serotonin retention in the rat thyroid has been tested. It has been found that the thyroid in rats treated with lithium contains double the amount of serotonin compared with glands from untreated animals. The ability of TSH to stimulate serotonin release is inhibited by lithium. The ability of serotonin to stimulate thyroid hormone secretion in vitro is documented. The inhibitory action of lithium on both TSH and serotonin stimulation of hormone release is documented. The serotonin retaining effect of lithium as part of the goitrogenic effect of this ion is discussed.

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