Smoking is negatively associated with the presence of thyroglobulin autoantibody and to a lesser degree with thyroid peroxidase autoantibody in serum: a population study

BackgroundAutoimmune thyroid diseases are common and the prevalence of circulating thyroid antibodies (thyroid peroxidase antibody, TPO-Ab and thyroglobulin antibody, Tg-Ab) is high in the population. The knowledge of a possible association between lifestyle factors and circulating thyroid antibodies is limited.AimTo evaluate the correlation between smoking habits and the presence of circulating TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab.Material and methodsIn a cross-sectional comparative population study performed in two areas of Denmark with moderate and mild iodine deficiency, 4649 randomly selected subjects from the population in some predefined age groups between 18 and 65 years were examined. Blood tests were analysed for TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab using assays based on the RIA technique. The participants answered questionnaires, were clinically examined and blood and urine samples collected.ResultsData were analysed in multivariate logistic regression models. There was a negative association between smoking and the presence of thyroid autoantibodies in serum. This association was observed for the presence of TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab, TPO-Ab (without respect to Tg-Ab status), Tg-Ab (without respect to TPO-Ab status) and both antibodies together. The association between smoking and thyroid autoantibodies was stronger for Tg-Ab than for TPO-Ab. There was no association between smoking and TPO-Ab measured alone or between smoking and TPO-Ab when Tg-Ab was included in the model as an explanatory variable.ConclusionSmoking was negatively associated with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies with the strongest association between smoking and Tg-Ab. The study design precludes any conclusions as to the cause of the negative association between smoking thyroid autoantibodies.

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Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and TPOAb Seroconversion In A Population Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-263425/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Ghanooni ◽

Azita Zadeh-Vakili ◽

Boshra Rezvankhah ◽

Somayeh Jafari Nodushan ◽

Mahdi Akbarzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Marker ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are among the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. They are usually accompanied by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies as the early predictive marker. Genetic determinants of the susceptibility to develop thyroid antibodies are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relation between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants (53 SNPs) and positive TPOAb and also to evaluate the effect of some environmental factors on changes from negative to positive TPOAb (Seroconversion). Methods: Participants from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) in phases 1 and 2 (N=5317, ≥ 20 years) were evaluated for the positive TPOAb and its relationship with 53 SNPs from TPO gene (a cross-sectional approach). At the second stage of the study (a longitudinal approach), negative TPOAb participants (control group, N= 4815) were followed up for about 5.5 (5.54±1.62) years until they have had positive results for TPOAb (“TPOAb seroconversion”). The association between TPO gene polymorphisms and TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and SKAT (sequence kernel association test) package. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, 17 SNPs were associated with TPOAb positivity (521 positive TPOAb participants) after the adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, the number of parity and oral contraceptive consumption (P <0.05). In longitudinal analyses, there was an association between TPOAb seroconversion and four SNPs before, and three SNPs after adjustment (P <0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb seroconversion could be affected by some thyroid peroxidase gene variants.

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Longitudinal Associations Between TPO Gene Variants and TPOAb Seroconversion in a Population Based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-263425/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Ghanooni ◽

Azita Zadeh-Vakili ◽

Boshra Rezvankhah ◽

Somayeh Jafary Nodushan ◽

Mahdi Akbarzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Marker ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Gene Variants ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are among the most common autoimmune diseases in the world. They are usually accompanied by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies as the early predictive marker. Genetic determinants of the susceptibility to develop thyroid antibodies are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relation between thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene variants (53 SNPs) and positive TPOAb and also to evaluate the effect of some environmental factors on changes from negative to positive TPOAb (Seroconversion). Methods: Participants from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) in phases 1 and 2 (N=5317, ≥ 20 years) were evaluated for the positive TPOAb and its relationship with 53 SNPs from TPO gene (a cross-sectional approach). At the second stage of the study (a longitudinal approach), negative TPOAb participants (control group, N= 4815) were followed up for about 5.5 (5.54±1.62) years until they have had positive results for TPOAb (“TPOAb seroconversion”). The association between TPO gene polymorphisms and TPOAb seroconversion was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and SKAT package (sequence kernel association test). Results: In cross-sectional analyses, 17 SNPs were associated with TPOAb positivity (521 positive TPOAb participants) after the adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, the number of parity and oral contraceptive consumption (P <0.05). In longitudinal analyses, there was an association between TPOAb seroconversion and four SNPs before, and three SNPs after adjustment (P <0.05). Conclusions: TPOAb seroconversion could be affected by some thyroid peroxidase gene variants.

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Prevalence of Thyroid Abnormalities in Thai Patients with Vitiligo

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7502935 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vasanop Vachiramon ◽

Sarawin Harnchoowong ◽

Woranit Onprasert ◽

Kumutnart Chanprapaph

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function Test ◽

Female Gender ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Dermatology Clinic ◽

Thyroid Abnormalities ◽

Serum Tsh

Background. Vitiligo is an acquired hypopigmentary disorder. The prevalence of vitiligo is 0.1–2% worldwide. Numerous autoimmune diseases are associated with vitiligo, including autoimmune thyroid diseases. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is up to 34% in vitiligo patients depending on ethnicities. Objective. This study aims to investigate thyroid abnormalities in Thai patients with vitiligo. Methods. Medical records of vitiligo patients attending outpatient dermatology clinic at a university-based hospital from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding vitiligo, clinical features, and autoimmune thyroid laboratory results were retrieved and analyzed. Results. Among 325 vitiligo patients identified, anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin were positive in 90 (27.7%) and 63 patients (19.4%), respectively. Positive thyroid antibody was associated with female gender (p<0.001) and vitiliginous hand lesions (p<0.02). Out of 197 patients with complete thyroid function test, the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) is 12.7%. Female, nonsegmental type, higher affected area, and the presence of leukotrichia are significantly associated with AITD in vitiligo patients. Conclusions. Prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies and AITD in Thai patients with vitiligo is compatible with previous studies around the world. Screening for AITD with thyroid antibodies and serum TSH is essential for vitiligo patients.

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Lack of association between thyroid autoantibodies and parity in a population study argues against microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02070 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 154 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Inge Bülow Pedersen ◽

Peter Laurberg ◽

Nils Knudsen ◽

Torben Jørgensen ◽

Hans Perrild ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Study ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Previous Pregnancy ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽

Thyroglobulin Antibody

Background: Thyroid autoimmunity is more common in females than in males. One possible explanation for this female preponderance may be the effect of oestrogens on the immune system. It has also been suggested that foetal microchimerism involving transfer of foetal cells into maternal tissue during pregnancy may play an important role. Objective: We investigated the association between the presence of circulating thyroid autoantibodies and previous pregnancy, parity and the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in a population cohort. Methods: We examined 3712 women randomly selected from the general population. Serum was analysed for thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) using assays based on an RIA technique (DYNO test). Data were analysed in logistic regression models to adjust for possible confounders. Women previously treated for thyroid disease or with pregnancy within 1 year prior to the study were excluded from the analyses. Results: In both univariate and multivariate models and whether the presence of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab was investigated alone or in combination, findings were negative with respect to an association between circulating thyroid antibodies and previous pregnancy, number of pregnancies, parity and previous abortion. There was no association between thyroid autoantibodies and use of OCs. Women aged 60–65 years receiving HRT now or previously had a lower prevalence of Tg-Ab (univariate, P = 0.01; multivariate, P = 0.02). No such association was observed between HRT and TPO-Ab. Conclusion: In this population study there was no association between previous pregnancy, parity and thyroid antibodies, which argues against the role of microchimerism as a trigger of thyroid autoimmunity. Exogenous oestrogens may reduce aspects of autoimmunity.

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Thyroid Autoantibodies in Pregnancy: Their Role, Regulation and Clinical Relevance

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.1155/2013/182472 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Francis S. Balucan ◽

Syed A. Morshed ◽

Terry F. Davies

Keyword(s):

Immune Suppression ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Thyroid Autoantibodies ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Clinical Markers ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

In Pregnancy

Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are common in the euthyroid population and are considered secondary responses and indicative of thyroid inflammation. By contrast, autoantibodies to the TSH receptor are unique to patients with Graves' disease and to some patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Both types of thyroid antibodies are useful clinical markers of autoimmune thyroid disease and are profoundly influenced by the immune suppression of pregnancy and the resulting loss of such suppression in the postpartum period. Here, we review these three types of thyroid antibodies and their antigens and how they relate to pregnancy itself, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, and the postpartum.

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Fatigue in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/sjecr-2016-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Zorica Jovanovic ◽

Svetlana Miletic-Drakulic ◽

Gordana Toncev ◽

Olgica Mihaljevic ◽

Svetlana Djukic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Limit Values ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Normal Thyroid Function

Abstract Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to examine fatigue in patients with AITD and to analyse the correlation between fatigue and the serum concentrations of thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression. This cross-sectional clinical study included 62 patients with increased concentrations of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) as confirmation of AITD and 52 healthy individuals who were negative for thyroid antibodies; all controls were euthyroid. Thyroid antibodies, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in the sera of all subjects. The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure the severity of fatigue; the level of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Eight (12.9%) patients had evident fatigue, 7 (11.3%) patients had fatigue limit values, and 47 (75.8%) patients had no fatigue. The frequency of fatigue was highly significant and almost three times higher in the AITD patients compared to the control group, in which only 2 (3.8%) patients had evident fatigue. The majority of patients with fatigue had normal thyroid function, and only one (1.6%) patient had overt hypothyroidism. Seven (11.3%) patients had both fatigue and depression, whereas one (1.6%) patient had fatigue without depression. We did not find significant correlations between fatigue and the concentrations of thyroid antibodies, but we found statistically significant correlations between fatigue and depression in AITD patients.

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Purification of the human thyroid peroxidase and its identification as the microsomal antigen involved in autoimmune thyroid diseases

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/0014-5793(85)80446-4 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 190 (1) ◽

pp. 147-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 233

Author(s):

Barbara Czarnocka ◽

Jean Ruf ◽

Mireille Ferrand ◽

Pierre Carayon ◽

Serge Lissitzky

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Human Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Microsomal Antigen

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Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases among the Turner Syndrome patients: meta-analysis of cross sectional studies

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-018-3950-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sagad Omer Obeid Mohamed ◽

Ibrahim Hassan Eldaw Elkhidir ◽

Abdelhamid Ibrahim Hassan Abuzied ◽

Ahmed Abdulgadir Mohammed Hassan Noureddin ◽

Gehad Abdelmonem Abdalla Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Turner Syndrome ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

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Thyroid Peroxidase Revisited – Whatʼs New?

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1057-9469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 765-769 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marlena Godlewska ◽

Damian Gawel ◽

Ashley M. Buckle ◽

J. Paul Banga

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽

Autoimmune Thyroid ◽

Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Hormone Biosynthesis ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Thyroid Dysfunctions

AbstractThyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme that participates in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. TPO is also a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this review, we summarize the latest developments in the field of TPO research. We present the current understanding of immunodominant serologic determinants, frequency of TPO-specific autoantibodies in the population, as well as genetic and environmental factors contributing to their development. Moreover, we report recent progress in the clinical utilities of TPO autoantibody testing, including thyroid dysfunctions and extra-thyroidal disorders.

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