Reply to Davis, A.K. Monarchs Reared in Winter in California Are Not Large Enough to Be Migrants. Comment on “James et al. First Population Study on Winter Breeding Monarch Butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Urban South Bay of San Francisco, California. Insects 2021, 12, 946”

This is a reply to the comment from Davis [...]

Monarchs Reared in Winter in California Are Not Large Enough to Be Migrants. Comment on James et al. First Population Study on Winter Breeding Monarch Butterflies, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Urban South Bay of San Francisco, California. Insects 2021, 12, 946

A recent study in this journal aimed to understand certain changes in the wintering behavior of monarch butterflies, specifically in the western subpopulation of North America [...]

Kreativitas Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Pendidikan Keluarga : Studi Peran Orangtua di PAUD Permata Bangsa Mataram

This study aims to describe the role of parents in increasing the development of early childhood creativity through family education at PAUD Permata Bangsa Mataram. The method used in this study is a mixed method. The population of this study was all parents of PAUD Permata Bangsa class TK B Jempong Mataram parents and the sample of this study amounted to 13 people using a population study. The research instrument used in this study was a questionnaire, observation and documentation. While the data analysis technique uses statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that the level of the role of parents in developing the creativity of children aged 5-6 years through family education tends to be in the high category, as many as 88 with a percentage of 73%, supported by the results of observations of increased creativity of students who are in the high category, namely as much as 94 with a percentage of 80%. So based on the data of this study it can be concluded that the creativity of early childhood is very dependent on how the role of parents in providing family education to their children.

Plasma adiponectin and risk of asthma: observational analysis, genetic Mendelian randomisation and meta-analysis

BackgroundAdiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein-hormone with inflammatory properties, has a potentially important role in the development and progression of asthma. Unravelling whether adiponectin is a causal risk factor for asthma is an important issue to clarify as adiponectin could be a potential novel drug target for the treatment of asthma.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that plasma adiponectin is associated observationally and causally (using genetic variants as instrumental variables) with risk of asthma.MethodsIn the Copenhagen General Population Study, we did an observational analysis in 28 845 individuals (2278 asthma cases) with plasma adiponectin measurements, and a genetic one-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis in 94 868 individuals (7128 asthma cases) with 4 genetic variants. Furthermore, in the UK Biobank, we did a genetic two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis in 462 933 individuals (53 598 asthma cases) with 12 genetic variants. Lastly, we meta-analysed the genetic findings.ResultsWhile a 1 unit log-transformed higher plasma adiponectin in the Copenhagen General Population Study was associated with an observational OR of 1.65 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.08) for asthma, the corresponding genetic causal OR was 1.03 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.42). The genetic causal OR for asthma in the UK Biobank was 1.00 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Lastly, genetic meta-analysis confirmed lack of association between genetically high plasma adiponectin and causal OR for asthma.ConclusionObservationally, high plasma adiponectin is associated with increased risk of asthma; however, genetic evidence could not support a causal association between plasma adiponectin and asthma.