scholarly journals Idiopathic Bradycardia in Unicuspid Unicommissural Aortic Valve Complicated with Infective Endocarditis and Aortic Root Abscess: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E387-E391
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nabil Abd Al Jawad ◽  
Khaled Refaat ◽  
Mohammed Attiya ◽  
Nada Abdelhakim ◽  
Samar Abdeltawab
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aortic Root Dilatation ◽  
Aortic Root Abscess

Unicuspid aortic valves are among the rarest congenital malformations. They are classified as either acommissural or unicommissural, with the unicommissural being presented in early adulthood. Unicuspid valves share many similarities with bicuspid valves, namely increased rates of valve degeneration and calcification, making them prone to secondary aortic stenosis, regurgitation, or both. Among other similarities are the increased risk of aortic root dilatation, dissection, and left ventricular dilatation. We report our case of a 23-year-old male with unicuspid unicommissural aortic valve with aortic root and left ventricular dilatation. He successfully underwent Wheat procedure.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: mechanisms and surgical implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Yiting Fan ◽  
Song Wan ◽  
Randolph Hung-Leung Wong ◽  
Alex Pui-Wai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Functional Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Disease Entity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Annular Dilatation ◽  
Increased Risk

The term atrial functional mitral regurgitation refers to a newly recognized disease entity in which mitral regurgitation occurs secondary to left atrial disease, without left ventricular dilatation and intrinsic mitral valve disease, typically in the setting of long-standing atrial fibrillation. Recent evidence suggests that atrial functional mitral regurgitation is associated with increased risk of death and heart failure re-hospitalization. The etiology, pathophysiology, and mechanism of atrial functional mitral regurgitation is not completely understood but they should not be regarded as the same as for the conventional type of functional mitral regurgitation secondary to left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. Mitral annular dilatation, atriogenic leaflet distortion, insufficient leaflet remodeling, and subtle left ventricular dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of atrial functional mitral regurgitation. The therapeutic and surgical considerations of atrial functional mitral regurgitation are different from those of ventricular functional mitral regurgitation. In this review, we assess current evidence regarding this new disease entity and propose a new surgical approach based on up-to-date understanding and experience of this condition.

Aortic root abscess: reconstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and allograft aortic valve and root replacement

2010 ◽  
pp. 243-273
Author(s):  
Charles A. Yankah ◽  
M. Pasic ◽  
Henryk Siniawski ◽  
Y. Weng ◽  
Roland Hetzer
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow ◽  
Aortic Root Abscess

scholarly journals Left ventricular dilatation is associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure: The Framingham heart study

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
Martin G. Larson ◽  
Jane C. Evans ◽  
Emelia J. Benjamin ◽  
Daniel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Effect of Aortic Valve Replacement on Aortic Root Dilatation Rate in Patients With Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valves

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1981-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelien V. Regeer ◽  
Michel I.M. Versteegh ◽  
Robert J.M. Klautz ◽  
Martin J. Schalij ◽  
Jeroen J. Bax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Aortic Root Dilatation ◽  
Dilatation Rate

Regression of left ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement

1996 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Waszyrowski ◽  
Jarosław D. Kasprzak ◽  
Maria Krzemińska-Pakuła ◽  
Jarosław Droż ◽  
Antoni Dziatkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Valve Replacement ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilatation

Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation attenuates left ventricular dilatation without improving cardiac function

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. S1
Author(s):  
Patrick I. McConnell ◽  
Louis Astra ◽  
E.William Schneeberger ◽  
Doug Jacoby ◽  
Jonathan Dinsmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Skeletal Myoblast ◽  
Left Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Myoblast Transplantation

Presence of adipose tissue in aortic valves from aortic regurgitation patients: pathophysiological role and clinical implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sadaba Cipriain ◽  
A.M Navarro Echeverria ◽  
C.R Tiraplegui Garjon ◽  
A Garcia De La Pena Urtasun ◽  
V Arrieta Paniagua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Regurgitation ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Left Ventricular Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Aortic Valves

Abstract Introduction Adipose tissue is a common constituent of the heart and it is located, without great clinical relevance, frequently in the pericardium. The presence of adipose tissue in the aortic valve is rare, with unknown significance on valve structural properties and function. Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most prevalent valve disease, although it is uncommon to find it in isolation. Myxoid degeneration may be the cause or result of AR, although the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Purpose To describe and characterize the presence of adipose tissue in the aortic valves from a cohort of AR patients. Methods 116 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement due to severe AR were enrolled. We classified them in two groups according to the histological results showing presence or absence of adipose tissue in the aortic valves. In the valve tissue molecular analysis were performed by RT-PCR, Western Blot and ELISA to analyze markers of adipocytes (leptin, adiponectin, resistin), inflammation (Rantes, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β), extracellular matrix remodeling (metalloproteinases-1, -2 and -9), proteoglycans (aggrecan, hyaluronan, lumican, syndecan-1, decorin) and fibrosis (collagens, fibronectin). Results Adipose tissue was found in 63% of the aortic valves analyzed. Baseline characteristics (age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, left ventricular telediastolic diameter, left ventricular systolic function, ascending aorta) were similar in patients presenting valve adipose tissue as compared with patients without valve adipose tissue. Valves containing adipocytes exhibited a higher leptin content (p<0.001), fibronectin (p<0.01), decorin (p<0,0001), hyaluronan (p=0.03), aggrecan (p=0.04) and metalloproteinase 1 (p=0.03). Interestingly, the presence of adipocytes in the valve was positively correlated with valve thickness measured by echocardiogram (Pearson chi2 statistical significance = 26.3345 p<0.001). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study that describes the presence of adipose cells in aortic valves from a cohort of AR patients. Aortic valves containing adipocytes were thicker and exhibited significant higher levels of proteoglycans, suggesting that adipocytes could contribute to the myxomatous degeneration process. Our results propose that the valve adipose tissue could play a role in the pathophysiology of AR. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Gobierno de Navarra

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