scholarly journals Race and Gender Disparities are Evident in COPD Underdiagnoses Across all Severities of Measured Airflow Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James Mamary ◽  
Jeffery I. Stewart ◽  
Gregory L. Kinney ◽  
John E. Hokanson ◽  
Kartik Shenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Airflow obstruction, impaired lung function and risk of sudden cardiac death: a prospective cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-215632
Author(s):  
Yun-Jiu Cheng ◽  
Zhen-Guang Chen ◽  
Feng-Juan Yao ◽  
Li-Juan Liu ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Partial Likelihood ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lung Health

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that compromised lung health may be linked to cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its association with sudden cardiac death (SCD).ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the link between impaired lung function, airflow obstruction and risk of SCD by race and gender in four US communities.MethodsA total of 14 708 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants who underwent spirometry and were asked about lung health (1987–1989) were followed. The main outcome was physician-adjudicated SCD. Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution hazard models with Firth’s penalised partial likelihood correction were used to estimate the HRs.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 25.4 years, 706 (4.8%) subjects experienced SCD. The incidence of SCD was inversely associated with FEV1 in each of the four race and gender groups and across all smoking status categories. After adjusting for multiple measured confounders, HRs of SCD comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of FEV1 were 2.62 (95% CI 1.62 to 4.26) for white males, 1.80 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.15) for white females, 2.07 (95% CI 1.05 to 4.11) for black males and 2.62 (95% CI 1.21 to 5.65) for black females. The above associations were consistently observed among the never smokers. Moderate to very severe airflow obstruction was associated with increased risk of SCD. Addition of FEV1 significantly improved the predictive power for SCD.ConclusionsImpaired lung function and airflow obstruction were associated with increased risk of SCD in general population. Additional research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms is warranted.

Who Gets the Good Jobs?: Combating Race and Gender Disparities

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ivy Kennelly ◽  
Robert Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Race and Gender Disparities in Nutrient Intake Are Not Related to Metabolic Syndrome in 20- to 59-Year-Old US Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Frugé ◽  
Sylvia H. Byrd ◽  
Brent J. Fountain ◽  
Jeralynn S. Cossman ◽  
M. Wes Schilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Eliminating Disparities in School Discipline: A Framework for Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Gregory ◽  
Russell J. Skiba ◽  
Kavitha Mediratta
Keyword(s):  
Student Behavior ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Academic Progress ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Race and gender disparities in school discipline and associated harms have been well documented for decades. Suspension from school can reduce instructional time and impede academic progress for students who may already be lagging in their achievement. This chapter offers a research-based framework for increasing equity in school discipline. The framework is composed of ten principles that hold promise for helping educators to address student behavior in a developmentally appropriate manner and reduce race and gender disparities in school discipline. The framework also informs directions for future research in school discipline.

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