Distribution of Mammals in Boreal Forests of European Russia: Historical and Ecological Analysis Based on Materials of the General Land Survey

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
General Land Survey

Distribution of mammals in boreal forests of European Russia: Historical and ecological analysis based on materials in the General Land Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Emelyanova ◽  
V. Yu. Rumiantsev ◽  
D. A. Khitrov ◽  
A. A. Golubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
General Land Survey

Distribution of Mammals in the Southern Part of European Russia: Historical and Ecological Analysis Based on Materials from the General Land Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Rumyantsev ◽  
D. A. Khitrov ◽  
A. A. Golubinsky
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
General Land Survey

Classification of boreal forests in the North of European Russia. I. Oligotrophic coniferous forests

2007 ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
L. G. Isaeva ◽  
V. A. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Results of a syntaxonomical study of the oligotrophic forests of northern European Russia are presented. The main forest types have been classified into 2 orders of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea, 4 alliances, 6 associations and 1 community. The new alliance Empetro-Piceion all. nov., which includes zonal spruce and birch northern forest association Empetro-Piceetum, has been established. These communities are formed according to cold temperature and high (sometimes temporarily) soil moisture and are characterized by the lower tree canopy, mosaic herb and moss-lichen layers with boreal mosses, sphagnum and lichens. In the middle taiga subzone these communities are replaced by Eu-Piceetum myrtilletosum. The forests with lichens are referred to order Cladonio-Vaccinietalia and divided into 4 associations. Lichen pine forests of the north-west of boreal zone were described as ass. Flavocetrario nivalis—Pinetum ass. nov. This association with a great number of lichens is differentiated by Cladonia arbuscula subsp. mitis, Flavocetraria nivalis, Cetraria ericetorum, Stereocaulon grande, Dicranum fuscescens, D. drummondii, Nephroma arcticum and species of Cladonia. The ass. Cadonio arbusculae—Pinetum (Caj. 1921) K.-Lund 1967 contains lichen pine forests with lower number of lichens and is distributed mostly in middle part of the taiga zone. The spruce-pine forests with mixed moss-lichen cover correspond to ass. Vaccinio-Pinetum. Ass. Hedysaro-Laricetum represents rich and well differentiated larch forests in the east of European Russia.

scholarly journals Forest history, peatland development and mid- to late Holocene environmental change in the southern taiga forest of central European Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Novenko ◽  
Andrey N. Tsyganov ◽  
Natalia M. Pisarchuk ◽  
Elena M. Volkova ◽  
Kirill V. Babeshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Ecology ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Testate Amoeba ◽  
Peatland Development ◽  
Taiga Forest

AbstractUnderstanding the long-term ecological dynamics of boreal forests is essential for assessment of the possible responses and feedbacks of forest ecosystems to climate change. New data on past forest dynamics and peatland development were obtained from a peat sequence in the southern Valdai Hills (European Russia) based on pollen, plant macrofossil, micro-charcoal, peat humification, and testate amoeba analyses. The results demonstrate a dominance of broadleaved forests in the study area from 7000–4000 cal yr BP. Picea was initially a minor component of this forest but increased in cover rapidly with climatic cooling beginning at 4000 cal yr BP, becoming the dominant species. Broadleaved species persisted until 900 cal yr BP, with evidence for intensified felling and forest management over recent centuries. Over the last four hundred years there is evidence for widespread paludification and the establishment of Picea-Sphagnum forests. These data demonstrate how modern wet woodlands have been shaped by a combination of climatic and anthropogenic factors over several millennia. The results also demonstrate the value of a multiproxy approach in understanding long-term forest ecology.

scholarly journals What are the effects of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on boreal forest biodiversity in Fennoscandia and European Russia? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sini Savilaakso ◽  
Anna Johansson ◽  
Matti Häkkilä ◽  
Anne Uusitalo ◽  
Terhi Sandgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Abstract Background Forest harvesting changes forest habitat and impacts forest dependent species. Uneven-aged management is often considered better for biodiversity than even-aged management, but there is an ongoing discourse over the benefits and disadvantages of different silvicultural systems. This systematic review contributes to the public discussion and provides evidence for policy making by synthesising current evidence on impacts of even-aged and uneven-aged forest management on biodiversity in boreal forests of Fennoscandia and European Russia. In this review even-aged and uneven-aged forest management are compared directly to each other as well as to natural forest to provide a broad basis for public discussion. Methods Both peer-reviewed and grey literature were searched in bibliographical databases, organizational webpages and internet search engines in English, Finnish, Swedish and Russian. Articles were screened for relevance by their title/abstract and again by full text. The inclusion of studies was assessed against pre-defined criteria published in an a priori protocol. A narrative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted to describe the evidence base and to compare species richness and abundance between differently managed forests. The influence of habitat specialism, taxon, years since harvesting, deadwood availability and harvesting intensity on species richness and abundance were also tested. Review findings Searching identified 43,621 articles of which 137 articles with 854 studies had independent data and were included in the narrative synthesis. Of those, 547 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The most studied taxa were arthropods, vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, and lichens. Results showed that forests with less disturbance (uneven-aged and mature even-aged) host more forest dependent species than young even-aged forests (< 80 years old) although the difference was only marginally significant for mature even-aged forests (> 80 years old). Uneven-aged forest had similar number of species and individuals than natural forest whereas even-aged forest had less species than natural forest. Open habitat species and their individuals were more numerous in young even-aged forests and forests undergone retention harvest. Effect sizes found were mostly large indicating strong and uniform impact of forest management based on species’ habitat preferences. In addition to habitat specialism, years since harvest explained some of the differences found in species richness and abundance due to increase of open habitat species in the early successional stages and forest dependent species in late successional stages. Taxon had limited explanatory power. Conclusions Habitat preferences determine species’ response to different harvesting methods and the magnitude of effect is large. Less disturbance from harvesting is better for forest dependent species whereas opposite is true for open habitat species. Uneven-aged and mature even-aged forests (> 80 years old) are important to maintain biodiversity in boreal forests. However, the results also highlight that natural forests are needed to ensure the future of forest dependent species in Fennoscandia and European Russia. Given that a broader set of biodiversity aspects are to be protected, best overall biodiversity impacts for a variety of species at landscape level can be achieved by ensuring that there is a mosaic of different forests within landscapes.

scholarly journals Distribution and Diversity of Beauveria in Boreal Forests of Northern European Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Igor A. Kazartsev ◽  
Georgy R. Lednev
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Northern European Russia ◽  
Long Term Survey

The distribution and genetic diversity of 91 of Beauveria isolates collected during a long-term survey in boreal forests of northern European Russia was studied. Based on morphological and sequence analysis of TEF and Bloc loci, three Beauveria spp. were identified: B. pseudobassiana, B. bassiana, and B. caledonica, with abundance of 81, 11, and 8%, respectively. Through multilocus sequencing, four haplotypes of B. bassiana and two haplotypes of B. caledonica were detected. Twelve haplotypes of B. pseudobassiana with non-random distribution were identified. Two haplotypes of B. pseudobassiana were the most abundant and widespread occurring across the whole study area, whereas others tended to be more specific to either the north or south of the study area, indicating the presence of different subpopulations. For further analysis of these putative subpopulations, southern and northern areas were separated along the boundary of the Köppen–Geiger climate zones (dfb and dfc), and the genetic structure was examined by analysis of molecular variance and spatial autocorrelation. Molecular evidence of intraspecific recombination of B. pseudobassiana and B. bassiana across northern European Russia area was indicated.

scholarly journals Aerial Surveys and Geographic Information in Modern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Hajime Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
General Staff ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
The Republic ◽  
General Land Survey

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Today when online satellite images are just a click away, access to geographic information showing the latest images of the globe has dramatically expanded, and historico-geographic research based on such information is flourishing. However, in the study of Chinese history, historical research employing GIS or similar technologies is still in its infancy, since “historical” geographic information with a high degree of precision are lacking. From within the ambit of Chinese geographic information, this report specifically highlights aerial surveys effected during the Republic of China era. To start, we review the history of domestic aerial surveys during R. O. C. period. Then, focusing on Nanjing as an example, we proceed to introduce maps that were actually created based on aerial surveys.</p><p>Chinese aerial surveys date back to around 1930. At the Nationalist Party’s General Assembly in 1929, partisans proposed for the need for aerial surveys. In 1930, the “Aerial Photography and Survey Research Team” was formed within the General Land Survey Department at General Staff Headquarters (National Army of the Republic of China). Consequently, foreign technicians were invited to provide relevant education/training. In June 1931, China’s pioneer initiative in aerial photography took place in Zhejiang province. The aim of aerial surveys in those early days was to create maps for military purposes. Between 1932 and 1939, topographic maps of fortifications located in areas such as the Jiangnan district were prepared. Further, starting from around the same period until the Sino-Japanese War, land registry maps based on aerial surveys were also produced. After the Sino-Japanese War ended, the above-mentioned directorate handed over responsibility for aerial surveys to the Naval General Staff. However, in 1949 the Chinese Communist Party confiscated the maps theretofore produced.</p><p>Although the aerial photographs and the geographic information produced therefrom during the R. O. C. era were seized by the People’s Republic of China, in actuality, some had previously been transferred to Taiwan. The topographic maps of the Nanjing metropolitan area (一萬分一南京城廂附近圖), based on aerial surveys and drawn in 1932, are currently archived at Academia Historica in Taipei. Comprising a total of 16 sheets, these maps were drawn on a scale of 1:10,000 by the General Land Survey Department.</p><p>Similarly, other maps (各省分幅地形圖) produced by the General Land Survey Department, comprising a total of 56 sheets and partly detailing Nanjing, are now in the possession of Academia Sinica in Taipei. There was no information about photographing or making in these maps. But almost the same maps were archived at Library of Congress in Washington D. C. According to those maps at LC, based on aerial photographs taken and surveys conducted in 1933, these topographic maps (1:10,000 scale) were completed in 1936.</p><p>The examples introduced above are topographic maps based on aerial photography. However, starting in 1937, land registry maps were also created. Detailing the outskirts of Nanjing (1:1,000 scale) and comprising a total of 121 sheets, they are now archived at Academia Historica. While the land registry maps were produced in 1937, supplementary surveys were effected following the Sino-Japanese War in 1947.</p><p>Since the geographic information based on aerial surveys during the R. O. C. era in China were precise, they can serve as a source of manifold information. This report only delved into information developed by the Government of the R. O. C., but it is becoming evident that U. S. Armed Forces and Japan also produced geographic information of their own based on aerial surveys. If the comprehensive panorama captured by all three protagonists can be illuminated, further advances in Chinese historico-geographic studies employing geographic information will be forthcoming.</p>

scholarly journals RESETTLEMENT IN A RURAL REGION IN THE LATE 18TH AND EARLY 19TH CENTURY AS AN ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-597
Author(s):  
V. V. Kanischev ◽  
K. S. Kunavin ◽  
S. K. Lyamin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Land Surveying ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
New Settlements ◽  
General Land Survey

This paper studies in depth an anthropogenic impact on the environment during the formation and development of rural settlements and the exploitation of the surrounding environmental resources. The subject of study is resettlement on a section of the territory of former Tambov uyezd of Tambov Governorate. The land surveying records of the late 18th and early 19th century (General Land Survey plan and Mende Land Survey plan, as well as their Economic notes) were used as sources. The surveying records are supplemented by some narrative sources - particularly, an article by a famous writer and opinion journalist of the mid 19th century, a Tambov landlord, I. R. Gruzinov, which depicts a typical Tambov steppe village. The results of the study revealed key trends in resettlement in Tambov Governorate during the late 18th - early 19th century. On the one hand, there was a sharp increase in the proportion of very large villages; on the other, the number of small new settlements was growing, including through resettlement from villages that had become very large.

scholarly journals A satellite-derived database for stand-replacing windthrows in boreal forests of the European Russia in 1986–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Shikhov ◽  
Alexander V. Chernokulsky ◽  
Igor O. Azhigov ◽  
Anastasia V. Semakina
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Study Region

Abstract. Severe winds are among the main causes of natural disturbances in boreal and temperate forests. Here, we present a new GIS database of stand-replacing windthrows in the forest zone of the European Russia (ER) for the 1986–2017 period. Delineation of windthrows was based on the full archive of Landsat images and two Landsat-derived products on forest cover change, namely the Global Forest Change and the Eastern’ Europe Forest Cover Change datasets. Subsequent verification and analysis of each windthrow was carried out to determine a type of related storm event, its date or date range, and geometrical characteristics. The database contains 102 747 elementary areas of damaged forest that were combined into 700 windthrows caused by 486 convective or non-convective storm events. The database includes stand-replacing windthrows only, which an area > 5 ha and > 25 ha for events caused by tornadoes and other storms, respectively. Additional information contained weather station reports and event description from media sources is also provided. The total area of windthrows amounts to 2966 km2, that is 0.19 % of the forested area of the study region. Convective windstorms contribute 82.5 % to total wind-damaged area, while tornadoes and non-convective windstorms are responsible for 12.9 % and 4.6 % of this area, respectively. Most of windthrows in the ER happen in to summer that is in contrast to Western and Central Europe, where windthrows mainly occur in autumn and winter. The compiled database provides a valuable source of spatial and temporal information on windthrows in the ER and can be successfully used both in forest science and severe storm studies. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12073278.v3 (Shikhov et al., 2020).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document