Assessment of Necessity of Transfusions in Vector-Borne Primary and Secondary Infections

The basic reproductive ratio, R 0 , is defined as the expected number of secondary infections arising from a single individual during his or her entire infectious period, in a population of susceptibles. This concept is fundamental to the study of epidemiology and within-host pathogen dynamics. Most importantly, R 0 often serves as a threshold parameter that predicts whether an infection will spread. Related parameters which share this threshold behaviour, however, may or may not give the true value of R 0 . In this paper we give a brief overview of common methods of formulating R 0 and surrogate threshold parameters from deterministic, non-structured models. We also review common means of estimating R 0 from epidemiological data. Finally, we survey the recent use of R 0 in assessing emerging diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza, a number of recent livestock diseases, and vector-borne diseases malaria, dengue and West Nile virus.

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Wolbachia Endosymbiant Was Not Detected in Field Collected Population of Head and Body Lice From Iran Using Molecular Markers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-78236/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Samira Firooziyan ◽

Ali Sadaghianifar ◽

Fereshteh Gahvehchi Khaligh ◽

Mohammad Ali Oshaghi ◽

Saber Gholizadeh

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Inappropriate Drug ◽

Recurrent Fever ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

New Approach ◽

Population Genomic ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Body Lice ◽

Positive Controls

Abstract Objectives Head lice infection can lead to inferiority, depression, insomnia, and lack of education, loss of social status, secondary infections, hair removal, and allergies. Body lice can carry dangerous diseases such as typhus, trench fever, and recurrent fever. Studies on lice control due to pesticides, inappropriate drug use, pesticide risks, and pesticide resistance in the lice population are needed. The study of insect symbiotic microorganisms such as Wolbachia is a new approach to control the vector-borne disease. ResultsThe presence of this bacterium was investigated in head and body lice collected from the Iranian lice population. Genomic DNA was extracted from both lice specimens and PCR assay was performed to the detection of Wolbachia infection by using Wsp, coxA, and gatB primers. All PCR results were negative for Wolbachia in comparison with positive controls. Further studies should be performed using new molecular markers to determine the Wolbachia infection of lice.

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FDG-PET Scans Find Secondary Infections

Internal Medicine News ◽

10.1016/s1097-8690(05)72095-3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (19) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

PAM HARRISON

Keyword(s):

Fdg Pet ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Pet Scans

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Casual gaming as a means to raise awareness of vector-borne disease risks

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e602182011-022 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Tomás Francisco Yago Vincente ◽

Brian Mullen ◽

Thomas N. Mather ◽

Jean-Yves Herve

Keyword(s):

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Disease Risks ◽

Vector Borne

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MeV-RII_HepG2, a persistently measles virus (MeV) infected human hepatoma cell line, displays resistance towards secondary infections with MeV virotherapeutics

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/s-0033-1352728 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (08) ◽

Author(s):

S Berchtold ◽

T Weiland ◽

J Lampe ◽

I Smirnow ◽

S Venturelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Hepatoma Cell ◽

Hepatoma Cell Line ◽

Human Hepatoma ◽

Human Hepatoma Cell ◽

Human Hepatoma Cell Line ◽

Secondary Infections

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Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i04.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

Rakhshan .

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

High Level ◽

Continuous Use ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

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Vector-borne disease implications and their control

Waterlines ◽

10.3362/0262-8104.1990.031 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brian Kay

Keyword(s):

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Vector Borne

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Analysis of Nosocomial Infections in Post–Cardiac Surgery Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support Therapy

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1789 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. E387-E391 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Binfei Li ◽

Geqin Sun ◽

Zhou Cheng ◽

Chuangchuang Mei ◽

Xiaozu Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Total Hospital ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Total Hospital Stay ◽

Mechanical Ventilation Time ◽

Post Cardiac Surgery

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the nosocomial infection factors in post–cardiac surgery extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supportive treatment (pCS-ECMO). Methods: The clinical data of the pCS-ECMO patients who obtained nosocomial infections (NI) were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among the 74 pCS-ECMO patients, 30 occurred with NI, accounting for 40.5%; a total of 38 pathogens were isolated, including 22 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (57.9%), 15 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (39.5%), and 1 fungus (2.6%). Results: Multidrug-resistant strains were highly concentrated, among which Acinetobacter baumannii and various coagulase-negative staphylococci were the main types; NI was related to mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit (ICU) residence, ECMO duration, and total hospital stay, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that ECMO duration was a potential independent risk factor (OR = 0.992, P = .045, 95.0% CI = 0.984-1.000). Conclusions: There existed significant correlations between the secondary infections of pCS-ECMO and mechanical ventilation time, ICU residence, ECMO duration, and total hospital stay; therefore, hospitals should prepare appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of ECMO secondary infections.

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