Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Rakhshan .
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

scholarly journals Molecular Analyses of TEM Genes and Their Corresponding Penicillinase-Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Bangkok, Thailand

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-ichi Nakayama ◽  
Chanwit Tribuddharat ◽  
Sasiprapa Prombhul ◽  
Ken Shimuta ◽  
Somporn Srifuengfung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexual Network ◽  
Genetic Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
High Level ◽  
International Awareness

ABSTRACTNeisseria gonorrhoeaeis a major public health problem globally, especially because the bacterium has developed resistance to most antimicrobials introduced for first-line treatment of gonorrhea. In the present study, 96N. gonorrhoeaeisolates with high-level resistance to penicillin from 121 clinical isolates in Thailand were examined to investigate changes related to their plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance and their molecular epidemiological relationships. A β-lactamase (TEM) gene variant,blaTEM-135, that may be a precursor in the transitional stage of a traditionalblaTEM-1gene into an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), possibly causing high resistance to all extended-spectrum cephalosporins inN. gonorrhoeae, was identified. Clonal analysis using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) andN. gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) revealed the existence of a sexual network among patients from Japan and Thailand. Molecular analysis of theblaTEM-135gene showed that the emergence of this allele might not be a rare genetic event and that the allele has evolved in different plasmid backgrounds, which results possibly indicate that it is selected due to antimicrobial pressure. The presence of theblaTEM-135allele in the penicillinase-producingN. gonorrhoeaepopulation may call for monitoring for the possible emergence of ESBL-producingN. gonorrhoeaein the future. This study identified ablaTEMvariant (blaTEM-135) that is a possible intermediate precursor for an ESBL, which warrants international awareness.

Strategies of the home-team: symbioses exploited for vector-borne disease control

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita V.M. Rio ◽  
Youjia Hu ◽  
Serap Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Home Team ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne

scholarly journals Enhancing the natural toxicity of Salmonella Typhimurium towards tumours

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Alfaqeer ◽  
Donal Wall
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Level Of Invasion ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Initial Results ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Background and objective: Salmonella is the underlying cause of foodborne diseases and poses a major public health problem worldwide. Research has developed a method to efficiently treat cancer using some of the same bacteria behind food poisoning, one of these bacteria is Salmonella which targets and penetrats tumours specifically by being attracted to the compounds produced by tumour cells and accumulating at the tumour site and inducing inflammation. In this project we aim to investigate the mechanism of Salmonella Typhimurium which has a tremendous ability to invade, replicate and compete to survive inside the cells by virtue of effector proteins such as: sipA, sipB, and AvrA which it possesses. Method: The S.Typhimurium strains used are wild-type SL1344 ( ΔsipA, ΔsipB, ΔavrA and VV341) and attenuated strain of SL7207. Bacteria were cultured in LB broth in a 37 °C shaker overnight to reach a stationary phase before using it to infect B16F10 (mouse melanoma). Results: The initial results show that the infection of B16F10 with wild-type SL1344 had a high level of invasion compared to the low number of bacteria with the deletion of sipB which impaired its entry into the cell. Similarly, the mutant strains ΔsipA and ΔavrA show an increasing number of intracellular bacteria, like the wild-type strain. We will be investigating further on the innate mechanisms of Salmonella in disrupting tumour growth and progression, that might help maximize the potential of using these bacteria in monotherapy or in tandem with other useful therapies.

scholarly journals Assessment of national vector borne disease control programme in state of Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar Arali ◽  
Deepthi N. Shanbhag
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Disease Control Programme

ABSTRACTBackground:National vector borne disease control programme(NVBDCP) was launched to control the prevalence of vector borne diseases like malaria, filaria, Japanese encephalitis (JE), Dengue/DHF, chikungunya, lymphatic filariasis and Kala Azar. The present study was done to assess the activities of NVBDCP in state of Karnatakaand to analyze selective qualitative and quantitative indicators related to the activities.Methods:Quantitatively retrospective data was collected from Directorate office Department of Health and Family Welfare, NVBDCP section from April 2016 to March 2017. Qualitatively questionnaire based protocol was made and interviews were conducted with District programme officer, PHC medical officer and  grass root level health workers like ANM, ASHA with reference to one each of selected least performing districts and good performing districts in the state. The collected data was analysed by using Microsoft Excel 2010 version.Results:The highest prevalent districts in Karnataka areDakshina Kannada for malaria, Udupi for dengue, Tumakurufor chikungunya andBidar for lymphatic filariasis. Major factors related to poor outcome in some districts were rigid attitude of the community, poor support of local panchayats and less human resources.Conclusion:The result of this investigation revealed that Dakshina Kannada has got highest number of cases with greater proposition and high prevalence rate of vector borne diseases due to lack of sufficient human resources and geographical factors. Strengthening the surveillance activities along with integrated vector control programmes will improves the outcome of the programme.

scholarly journals WARAM-I MEDA (GASTRITIS) AND ITS MANAGEMENT FROM UNANI PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azma Waseem ◽  
Waseem Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Fazil ◽  
Asim Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bile Reflux ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Continuous Use

In the present scenario, gastritis still remains a major public health problem that affects the population of both the developed as well as developing countries. More than 50% of the population in developing countries suffers from gastritis, whereas 34.7 % of the population in developed countries had health problems due to gastritis. Main causes of gastritis are infections, stress, continuous use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol and bile reflux. Gastritis if remains untreated or undiagnosed causes Quruh-i Meda (gastric ulcers). Prolonged and progressive inflammation results in destruction of gastric mucosa (Atrophic gastritis) and reduction in gastric acid secretions. These two factors are considered as the main risk factors in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Unani physicians have given much importance to this disease. In Unani system of medicine, there is elaborated description of gastritis under the heading of Waram-i Meda with causes, symptoms and its effective management. The fundamental principles of Unani treatment of gastritis is to restore the normalcy of the patient, correction of temperament (Mizaj ), humoral balance in the organ and the body, and toning up of the stomach. All these principles are achieved mostly by three modes of treatment i.e. Iaj bil Tadbeer (Regimenal therapy), Ilaj bil Ghiza (Dietotherapy) and Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy). In this review article, Waram-i Meda (gastritis) is elaborated with its type, causes and treatment in Unani perspective with the objective to reduce the burden of gastritis and prevention of complications associated with gastritis.

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