scholarly journals The Alternative Distribution of Related Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in Ukraine as a Case of Geographical Parthenogenesis

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
S. V. Mezhzherin ◽  
Yu. Yu. Chayka ◽  
R. P. Vlasenko ◽  
E. I. Zhalay ◽  
O. V. Rostovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Aporrectodea Caliginosa ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Geographic Parthenogenesis ◽  
Geographical Parthenogenesis ◽  
Apomictic Reproduction ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Geographical parthenogenesis describes phenomenon when parthenogenetic hybrid forms or species have larger distribution areas or higher abundance than their amphimictic parental species, especially in climatically unfavorable conditions. This phenomenon was studied in Ukraine for the pair species of earthworms Aporrectodea сaliginosa (Savigny, 1826) s. l. We found that the hermaphroditic amphimictic A. caliginosa clearly predominates in the northern and western regions, and the apomictic parthenogenetic A. trapezoides (Duges, 1828) in the southern and eastern regions with a continental arid climate. In the sample sets of A. сaliginosa–A. trapezoides group, usually one of the species sharply predominated, and the equality of their abundance was very rare. The reason for this fact is both the alternative geographical distribution and the ability of A. trapezoides to form populations in habitats unfavorable for A. caliginosa. In general, the situation in this group agrees with the classical model of geographic parthenogenesis and confirms the high adaptive potential of apomictic organisms. This fact once again raises the question of non-adaptive reasons for the exclusion of the apomictic reproduction in highly organized animals.

scholarly journals Hybrid forms of the Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae): new records in La Pampa Province, Argentina

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Diez ◽  
Víctor Julián Breser ◽  
Estela Maris Quirán ◽  
Gustavo Carlos Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
New Records ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Culex Pipiens Complex ◽  
Hybrid Forms

The present investigation revealed the existence of hybrids belonging to the Culex pipiens Complex in four localities of La Pampa Province, Argentina, thus expanding the distribution of the hybrid form south to the northeast of that province. The identification was based on characters of the male genitalia and the siphonal index of the fourth-instar larval exuviae. A summary of the geographical distribution of species of Culex pipiens complex in Argentina is also presented here.

scholarly journals Species Distribution Models and Niche Partitioning among Unisexual Darevskia dahli and Its Parental Bisexual (D. portschinskii, D. mixta) Rock Lizards in the Caucasus

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varos Petrosyan ◽  
Fedor Osipov ◽  
Vladimir Bobrov ◽  
Natalia Dergunova ◽  
Andrey Omelchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Geographical Parthenogenesis

Among vertebrates, true parthenogenesis is known only in reptiles. Parthenogenetic lizards of the genus Darevskia emerged as a result of the hybridization of bisexual parental species. However, uncertainty remains about the mechanisms of the co-existence of these forms. The geographical parthenogenesis hypothesis suggests that unisexual forms can co-exist with their parental species in the “marginal” habitats. Our goal is to investigate the influence of environmental factors on the formation of ecological niches and the distribution of lizards. For this reason, we created models of species distribution and ecological niches to predict the potential geographical distribution of the parthenogenetic and its parental species. We also estimated the realized niches breadth, their overlap, similarities, and shifts in the entire space of predictor variables. We found that the centroids of the niches of the three studied lizards were located in the mountain forests. The “maternal” species D. mixta prefers forest habitats located at high elevations, “paternal” species D. portschinskii commonly occurs in arid and shrub habitats of the lower belt of mountain forests, and D. dahli occupies substantially an intermediate or “marginal” position along environmental gradients relative to that of its parental species. Our results evidence that geographical parthenogenesis partially explains the co-existence of the lizards.

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

Study of effective factors in the design of zero energy buildings in arid climate (case of Isfahan City)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Negar Aminoroayaei ◽  
Bahram Shahedi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

In the current century, a suitable strategy is concerned for optimal consumption of energy, due to limited natural resources and fossil fuels for moving towards sustainable development and environmental protection. Given the rising cost of energy, environmental pollution and the end of fossil fuels, zero-energy buildings became a popular option in today's world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the design of zero-energy buildings, in order to reduce energy consumption and increase productivity, including plan form, climatic characteristics, materials, coverage etc. The present study collects the features of zero-energy building in Isfahan, which is based on the Emberger Climate View in the arid climate, by examining the books and related writings, field observations and using a descriptive method, in the form of qualitative studies. The results of the research showed that some actions are needed to save energy and, in general, less consumption of renewable energy by considering the climate and the use of natural conditions.

Adaptive Potential of Rapana venosa Speciemens of Different Age, Sex and Size

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
V. A. Toptikov ◽  
O. O. Kovtun ◽  
T. G. Alekseyeva ◽  
V. M. Totskiy
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Rapana Venosa
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