rapana venosa
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2021 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 102112
Author(s):  
Hasan Baltaş ◽  
Murat Şirin ◽  
Erhan Çiloglu ◽  
Gülnara Iminova ◽  
Uğur Çevik

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Jie Yang ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Hao Song ◽  
Zheng-Lin Yu ◽  
Pu Shi ◽  
...  

Metamorphosis is a critical developmental event in mollusks, and neuroendocrine system plays an essential role in this process. Rapana venosa is an economically important shellfish in China, but the artificial technology of R. venosa aquaculture is limited by metamorphosis. As a carnivorous gastropod, food habit transition makes the mechanism of R. venosa metamorphosis more complex. To investigate the changes in the neuroendocrine system and to reveal its role in regulating the food habit transition and metamorphosis of R. venosa, we cloned the cDNA sequences encoding 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (Rv-5HTR), nitric oxide synthetase (Rv-NOS) and cholecystokinin receptor (Rv-CCKR), and investigated their expression by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and explore the spatio-temporal changes of 5-HT protein expression using Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The expression of the three geens was significantly increased in the early intramembrane veliger stage, which indicates that the three genes are related to the development of digestive system. Additionally, expression of the three genes was decreased after metamorphosis, while Rv-NOS and Rv-CCKR were increasingly expressed in competent larvae, which may help the larvae find suitable environments and promote digestive system development for metamorphosis, and the result of 5-HT IHC analysis also reflects the development of neuroendocrine system. Furthermore, results show that CCK can effect the expression of digestive enzyme, NOS and 5-HT receptor. Finally, based on the present results, we hypothesized that CCK and CCK receptor may be critical regulatory factors of food habit transition and metamorphosis. These results might provide information on the development of neuroendocrine system of R. venosa, and new insight into the regulation of the food habit transition and metamorphosis of gastropods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev ◽  
N. A. Boltachova

The study of Annelida (Polychaeta) taxocene – epibionts of the invasive gastropod Rapana venosa – continues the cycle of publications describing the composition of the consortium of the largest gastropod of the Black Sea benthos. R. venosa consortium is still a poorly investigated and unaccounted component in the structure of the Black Sea shelf biocenoses. The aim of this work is to study the complex of polychaetes of R. venosa consortium. The objectives of this stage are as follows: compiling a list of Annelida (Polychaeta) taxa – rapa whelk epibionts; studying taxocene biogeographic and trophic structure; and analyzing ecological relationships of polychaetes with the consortium core. To study the consort community of rapa whelk, sampling was conducted in seven areas of the northern Black Sea: 1 – Mamaia, Romania; 2 – northwestern Black Sea, Crimea offshore; 3 – Sevastopol; 4 – Alupka; 5 – Yalta – Alushta; 6 – Karadag; 7 – Kerch Strait. In the coastal area down to a depth of 15 m, R. venosa was sampled totally using surface-supplied diving equipment; in the deeper-water area (up to 40 m), samples were taken with an “Ocean-50” bottom grab from the board of the RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”. Each rapa whelk specimen (sample) was placed in a separate plastic bag, with the indication of the area, depth, and biotope. In total, 2,411 samples were taken and analyzed: 977 – rock rapa whelks and 1434 – sand rapa whelks. R. venosa shell coverage with epibionts (fouling intensity) was determined as a percentage of the total area of the outer shell surface. Polychaeta taxocene of R. venosa consortium includes 31 species representing 31 genera of 15 families of 2 subclasses. Most species (18) belong to Errantia, and half of them are representatives of the families Nereididae and Syllidae. Sedentaria includes 13 species; by the largest number of species (4), the family Serpulidae is represented. Polychaeta taxocene of R. venosa consortium is represented by three biogeographic groups: native species of the Mediterranean-Atlantic genesis (84 %), the Black Sea endemics (10 %), and recent invaders of various geographical genesis (6 %). On sand rapa whelk, 31 Polychaeta species were found; on rock rapa whelk, only 5 species were recorded. The indicators of Polychaeta fauna development differ significantly by the depth and research area. The most diverse polychaetes are those in bays of Sevastopol (the area No. 3) at depths of 2–10 m; the maximum depth of Polychaeta finding (40 m) corresponds to the greatest depth of rapa whelk sampling. The area of shell coverage with polychaetes reaches 70 %; occurrence in several areas is up to 95 %. The maximum number of species found at a single rapa whelk specimen is 8; on average, 2–4 Polychaeta species are recorded at R. venosa individuals. Taxonomic diversity and abundance of polychaetes determine their significance in R. venosa consortium. Due to the invasive predatory mollusc R. venosa, polychaetes get additional opportunities for spread on the Black Sea shelf.


Author(s):  
И. В. Головина

Определяли активность цитоплазматических оксидоредуктаз: малатдегидрогеназы (МДГ, 1.1.1.37) и лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ, 1.1.1.27), в тканях Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalvia: Mytilidae), Аnadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) (Bivalvia: Arcidae) и Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) (Gastropoda: Muricidae). Объектами исследования служили половозрелые моллюски. Длина раковины мидии составляла 50–55 мм, анадары – 25–33 мм, рапаны – 50–80 мм. Активность ферментов измеряли спектрофотометрически (при 340 нм и 25ºC) по скорости окисления НАДН в цитоплазме тканей. На основе анализа собственных и опубликованных литературных данных проведено сравнение активности ферментов и содержания низкомолекулярных антиоксидантов (НМАО) у исследованных моллюсков. Ткани с меньшим индексом МДГ/ЛДГ (гепатопанкреас мидии, нога анадары, гонады рапаны), в которых преобладают аэробные процессы, содержат наибольшее количество каротиноидов, глутатиона и меньше мочевины. Активность ферментов энергетического обмена и резерв НМАО в тканях вселенца анадары значительно больше, чем у черноморской мидии.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
MELIH ERTAN CINAR ◽  
MURAT BİLECENOĞLU ◽  
MEHMET BAKI YOKEŞ ◽  
HARUN GÜÇLÜSOY

A total of 12 Pinna nobilis beds were found and studied at depths varying between 2 and 6 m in the south Marmara Islands (Sea of Marmara). Fan mussel individuals in the beds were healthy with a few old dead specimens, indicating that the epidemic, which has devastated P. nobilis populations in the Mediterranean Sea, has not reached the Sea of Marmara, making the region a refuge area for the species. The average density of P. nobilis in the area varied between 0.6 ind.10 m-2 and 24 ind.10 m-2. The P. nobilis shells overall provided substrata or refuge for 14 species (10 sessile and 4 motile organisms), from macroalgae to fish. Shells of juvenile and adult specimens had different species assemblages. Four distinct assemblages were detected on shells, primarily formed by the red alga Gracilaria bursa-postaris, egg cocoons of the invasive alien Rapana venosa, the gastropod Bittium reticulatum and the serpulid polychaete Spirobranchus polytrema. 


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