scholarly journals Rules of Origin in ASEAN+1 Free Trade Agreements on Agriculture Commodity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Miranda Febriningtyas ◽  
Rina Oktaviani ◽  
Amzul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Origin Rule

Rules of origin that indirectly serve as trade barriers, thus raising the potential for increased production costs. In agricultural commodities, the rules of origin are primarily determined by wholly-obtained,  so the potential for more significant increases in the cost of agricultural products versus other commodities. The purpose of this paper is to compare the restrictiveness index rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs (ACFTA, AJCEP, and AKFTA) on agricultural commodities. This study uses the Regime Wide Harris Index by Kelleher to calculate the restrictiveness level rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. Based on product-specific regulations, AJCEP has the most flexible rules of origin, followed by AKFTA and ACFTA as the most restrictive of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. In the Regime Wide Harris Index, the results show that AJCEP has a flexible origin rule after AKFTA, and ACFTA is the most strict rules of origin in ASEAN + 1 FTAs. These results are influenced by the most substantial diagonal side cumulation in the ACFTA.DOI: 10.15408/sjie/v7i1.6432 

scholarly journals Agrifood export diversification of Belarus in terms of free trade agreements between EAEU and third countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-423
Author(s):  
L. N. Baihot ◽  
V. S. Akhramovich ◽  
D. S. Hlushakova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The modern development of foreign trade of agricultural products and foodstuffs in the Republic of Belarus is characterized by an intensive increase in export potential, which requires constant search and development of new promising sales markets. For Belarus, participation in regional trade and economic integration associations (free trade zone with participation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)) is considered as one of the directions for creating favorable conditions for exporters to access the markets of partner countries. Implementation of export potential of the member states of the integration association is the subject of negotiations during preparation of agreements and requires searching the balance of concessions between the parties concerned. Therefore, in terms of trade of highly sensitive to import agricultural and processing industry products, a reasoned justification is required for requesting potential partners to ease access regimes for a particular product, given the need to provide reciprocal concessions. In this regard, we have developed a technique for assessing possibilities of developing exports of agricultural products of Belarus when signing agreements on free trade zones between the Eurasian Economic Union and third countries, we also tested the presented technique by the example of such countries as Egypt, Iran, Israel, Indonesia and India as the most likely partners to conclude free trade agreements with the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the competitive environment at potential sales markets and an assessment of competitiveness of Belarusian export products, as well as study of measures of foreign trade policy (customs tariff and non-tariff barriers), the most appropriate export commodity groups were identified.

The Effect of Binding Commitments on Services Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Ciuriak ◽  
Ali Dadkhah ◽  
Dmitry Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Services Trade ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trade Of Services

AbstractIt has long been established in theory that uncertainty impacts on firm behaviour. However, the empirical basis for quantifying the uncertainty-reducing effects of trade agreements has not been firmly established. In this paper, we develop estimates of the effect of reducing uncertainty regarding regulation of foreign services markets by making commitments that are bound under a trade agreement. Specifically, we identify the effect on services trade of services trade restrictions, as measured by the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), and the separate effect of ‘water’ in binding commitments, as assessed by the difference between countries’ commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) or free trade agreements (FTAs) and applied levels of market access, as captured by STRI scores. Using a gravity model, we find that services trade responds positively but inelastically to reductions in services trade barriers, as measured by the STRI and, in our preferred regression, the response to actual restrictions is more than twice – specifically 2.4 times – as strong as the response to comparable reductions in uncertainty, as measured by water. Moving from GATS commitments to FTA commitments leads to a 4.7% increase in services trade because of the reduction in uncertainty.

scholarly journals WTO Compatibility and Rules of Origin – Assessing Bilateral Trade Agreements between Latin America and East Asia

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Loewen
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Stability

Some theorists and practitioners argue that the stability of the global trade system is endangered by trade distorting effects of regional Free Trade Agreements. Does this also hold true for interregional FTAs? Based on criteria, such as scope, rules of origin and WTO notification, it is argued here that interregional FTAs between East Asia and Latin America do not fully confirm the distortion thesis, as the positive effects of WTO-plus elements in the examined FTAs and their positive notification record to the WTO signify. Yet, overlaps between different rules of origin may lessen the multilateral effectiveness of interregional FTAs.

scholarly journals Foreign trade in agricultural products between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Kazakhstan: A decade since the signing of the Free trade Agreement

Skola biznisa ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 86-111
Author(s):  
Milica Simić ◽  
Biljana Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Republic

Modern international economic relations, among other things, are characterized by establishing bilateral and multilateral cooperation between countries in order to liberalize trade relations. The implementation of reached free trade agreements affects economic trends in the signatory countries, the intensification of their foreign trade as wll as the increase in the attractiveness of countries as investment destinations. From 2000 onwards, Serbia has signed several free trade agreements with European countries and the United States. Ten years ago, a free trade agreement was signed with the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to encourage the development of mutual trade and economic relations, accelerate economic development, improve living and working conditions, increase employment and establish fair competition between economic entities from Serbia and Kazakhstan. The subject of the mentioned trade relations are also agri-food products, whose production in Serbia is supported by an excellent raw material base, and has always been a part of national tradition and culture. The research subject of this paper is foreign trade of agricultural products between Serbia and Kazakhstan with regard to free trade agrrements. The research aim is to determine the differences in the movement of exports and imports between the mentioned countries in the period before and after the signing of the free trade agreement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document