The Role of Intangibles in the Economic Recovery Post-COVID-19 Pandemic

The strategic use of intangibles can create unlimited jobs globally. Intangibles are lucrative non-physical assets that every business enjoys but very few utilise effectively. By 2007, early value management studies had proven that businesses with exponential growth had achieved those record performances after shifting their organising models. Today, there is new evidence to support further growth while addressing the societal issue of unemployment. Unemployment in this instance goes beyond the definition used in economics and includes facilitating the ease of an employee’s transition from education to job or from job to job. Creating new jobs is especially important for countries facing tremendous development challenges, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the International Labour Organization, the world’s job loss due to the pandemic in 2020 was equivalent to 255 million full-time jobs. At the same time, corporations globally have been taking a deeper look at governance practices and are closely examining the impact that commercial strategies have on the environment and society. In addition, the future of work is taking shape as hybrid work from home options are being explored for some roles. While the political and ethical implications of addressing global unemployment cannot be oversimplified, in theory, there can be open accessibility to jobs globally. Today’s availability of education, the relative ease of international trade of services and technological advancement make this possible. This paper shares qualitative research that proposes the role of intangibles in solving unemployment, so a research university might consider furthering this vital work in intangibles.

Impacts of Public Telecommunications Policy on Industrial Geography and Welfare

We include a clear distinction between transport and telecommunication infrastructures. We assume that public expenditure enables Information Technology Enabled Services to be traded abroad without the use of traditional transport modes. We show that the increase in the knowledge spillovers mainly related to mobile human capital and trade of services can develop industrialization in developing country, leading to less spatial inequalities. This latter must invest more in telecommunication than in transportation infrastructures to attract both industrial and knowledge activities. The welfare level will be improved for skilled workers in both countries when public policy decreases the cost of trading knowledge.

FEATURES OF PARTICIPATION OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS ENTITIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF SERVICES

The article reveals the features of the presence of Russian business entities in the world market of services. The reasons for the complexity of statistical accounting of the service sector in international trade are grounded. It also considers promising areas of Russia’s participation in international trade in services and ways to increase the competitive stability of national companies.

Impact of COVID-19 on the trade of goods and services in Spain

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the trade of goods and services in Spain. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses monthly trade data at the product, region and firm level. Findings The COVID-19 crisis has led to the sharpest collapse in the Spanish trade of goods and services in recent decades. The containment measures adopted to arrest the spread of the virus have caused an especially intense fall of trade in services. The large share of transport equipment, capital goods, products that are consumed outdoors (i.e., outdoor goods) and tourism in Spanish exports has made the COVID-19 trade crisis more intense in Spain than in the rest of the European Union. Practical implications The nature of the collapse suggests that trade in goods can recover swiftly when the health crisis ends. However, COVID-19 may have a long-term negative impact on the trade of services that rely on the movement of people. Originality/value It contributes to understand how COVID-19 has affected the trade in goods and services in Spain.

Investigating the Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility, Inflation and Economic Output on International Trade of India

Four models have been constructed separately for exports of goods, imports of goods, exports of services and imports of services to explore the impact of exchange rate volatility, inflation and economic output on India’s foreign trade. AutoRegressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test run on monthly data over the period of 2011–2020 reports that in the long run, growth in production positively impacts the trade in goods and services. Rise in level of prices negatively impacts the exports of goods. In the short run, a rise in volatility brings a decline in the imports of goods but in the long run, it has a positive impact on the exports of goods. Volatile exchange rate has no impact on trade in services. An increase in inflation in the short run leads to a rise in the imports of goods but brings a decline in the trade of services.

BENTUK PERUSAHAAN JASA ANGKUTAN SEWA KHUSUS MENURUT PERATURAN MENTERI PERHUBUNGAN NOMOR 118 TAHUN 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The industrial revolution 4.0 has influenced businesses in the field of trade in goods and services. In the trade of services, a new type of online rental service / taxi has emerged. Special leased transportation is a door-to-door transportation service with drivers who have operational areas in urban areas, from airports to airports, ports or other transportation nodes and reservations using information technology-based applications, with the tariff rates listed in the application. The implementation of this special rental transportation is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 118 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Special Rental Transportation. To provide legal certainty on aspects of safety, security, comfort, equality, afford ability, and regularity for the community over the implementation of special rental transportation, and to support development to realize public welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. </span></p></div></div></div>

The Effect of Binding Commitments on Services Trade

It has long been established in theory that uncertainty impacts on firm behaviour. However, the empirical basis for quantifying the uncertainty-reducing effects of trade agreements has not been firmly established. In this paper, we develop estimates of the effect of reducing uncertainty regarding regulation of foreign services markets by making commitments that are bound under a trade agreement. Specifically, we identify the effect on services trade of services trade restrictions, as measured by the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI), and the separate effect of ‘water’ in binding commitments, as assessed by the difference between countries’ commitments under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) or free trade agreements (FTAs) and applied levels of market access, as captured by STRI scores. Using a gravity model, we find that services trade responds positively but inelastically to reductions in services trade barriers, as measured by the STRI and, in our preferred regression, the response to actual restrictions is more than twice – specifically 2.4 times – as strong as the response to comparable reductions in uncertainty, as measured by water. Moving from GATS commitments to FTA commitments leads to a 4.7% increase in services trade because of the reduction in uncertainty.

Prospects of the EAEU Single Services Market

The paper analyzes the formation of a single services market in the Eurasian Economic union. Free trade of services plays an important role in the Eurasian economic integration. It contributes to the development of cross-border trade and business ties of the EAEU partners. The impact of services sector on reciprocal and international trade of member-states is expected to grow further in future as a result of deepening of economic integration and expanding of external economic relations of the EAEU.The paper reviews economic and institutional factors, which may hinder integration of member-states services markets. Among economic impediments the author highlights such factors as a low volume of intraregional trade in services, member-states' orientation on third countries in trade in services, a low level of diversification of brunch structures of their trade in services, a low share of innovative and business services in reciprocal trade, as well as monocentric system of trade in services (with one dominant state in the Union as a main supplier and consumer of services). As an institutional factor the author regards a lack of supranational mechanism of liberalization of reciprocal trade in services. Eurasian economic commission elaborates the plans of liberalization of trade in services. However the power of Commission to influence the decision making process in this sphere is limited by the member-states. The regulation of a single services market belongs to the authority of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and is beyond of the scope of direct competences of the Commission.

Regions of Ukraine: International and Retail Trade in 2016

International trade in Ukraine’s regions during 2016 is analyzed. The taxonomy method is used to carry out a multidimensional analysis of the state of trade in all regions, with the goal of determining their attractiveness with respect to investment and international cooperation. Key indicators were chosen to be: export and import of services, export and import of goods, balance of the trade of services, balance of the trade of goods, and retail trade. Using the standardized matrix of statistical values, provided by Ukraine’s national statistics agency, the level of development of each region was determined, as well as its rating. A comparison of this year’s ratings with those of the previous two years is carried out. Based on the calculated inter-regional distance matrix, calculated in the context of the seven chosen parameters, nonlinear structures of regional connections are constructed. Using them, clusters of regions can be constructed that take into account trade dynamics and other economic activity. The constructed linear and nonlinear connection structure of Ukraine’s regions can become the basis of fruitful cooperation in the area of trade. They can also be used when carrying out mutual investment projects and when regulating the exchange of goods between Ukraine’s regions. The determination of the regions’ ratings and the nonlinear structures of their trade relations can provide valuable information to investors both foreign and domestic.