THE EFFECT OF SMALLPOX VACCINATION DURING PREGNANCY ON THE INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-467
Author(s):  
MORRIS GREENBERG ◽  
ALFRED YANKAUER ◽  
SAUL KRUGMAN ◽  
JOHN J. OSBORN ◽  
RICHARD S. WARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
York City ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Live Births ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Following an outbreak of variola in New York City early in 1947, more than five million people were vaccinated. Among these there were observed 4,172 women in the first trimester of pregnancy. They gave birth to 68 children with malformations, an incidence of 1.63%. A control, nonvaccinated group of 2,186 women in the same period of pregnancy, gave birth to 30 malformed infants, an incidence of 1.37%. The vaccinated group gave birth to 343 premature infants, a rate of 8.2%, while the nonvaccinated group gave birth to 185 prematures, a rate of 8.5%. Deaths from congenital malformations in New York City during the four months representing the first trimester of pregnancy of the observed women numbered 259, a rate of 48.8 per 10,000 live births. In the corresponding months of the preceding year the number of deaths was 290, a rate of 47.2 per 10,000 live births. There was no apparent increase in the ratios of stillbirths to total births in 1947, during the months when the stillbirths may have been conceived, over the ratios of the corresponding months of the previous year. There is no evidence from these studies that smallpox vaccination of women in the first trimester of pregnancy has any deleterious effect on the developing embryo.

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND BIRTH INJURIES IN NEW YORK CITY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-535
Author(s):  
HELEN M. WALLACE ◽  
LEONA BAUMGARTNER ◽  
HERBERT RICH
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
York City ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Birth Injury ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Birth Injuries ◽  
Upstate New York

1. In 1951, a total of 1,501 children was reported to have been born alive with one or more congenital malformations, an over-all reported incidence of 9.2 per 1,000 live births. a. Two-thirds of the babies were delivered by a private physician in a hospital, and one-third on a ward service in a hospital. The incidence in the two groups and in white and nonwhite babies was approximately the same. However, the incidence in babies weighing less than 2,500 gm. was twice that in those babies weighing more. b. Club foot, dactylism, cleft palate and/or harelip, and hypospadias were the most frequent types of congenital malformations reported, accounting for 78% of the total. c. There were 128 babies reported with cleft palate and/or harelip, an over-all incidence of 0.79 per 1,000 live births. d. The effect on neonatal mortality is presented. 2. In 195 1 a total of 377 children was reported to have been born alive with one or more birth injuries, an over-all reported incidence of 2.3 per 1,000 live births. One half were reported with severe birth injury. The reported incidence was the same regardless of type of patient (private or ward service), color, or birth weight. 3. The 1951 data for New York City are compared with similar data for upstate New York for 1940-1942. The over-all incidence in reported congenital malformations in the two groups is similar, although some differences occurred in the frequency of individual malformations. The over-all incidence of reported birth injury in upstate New York was more than three times that in New York City; the incidence of each type of birth injury was higher in the upstate group. 4. The use of such data in planning services for these children in a community is discussed.

scholarly journals Trends in Hepatitis B Surveillance Among Pregnant Women in New York City, 1998-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-684
Author(s):  
Robert J. Arciuolo ◽  
Julie E. Lazaroff ◽  
Jennifer B. Rosen ◽  
Sungwoo Lim ◽  
Jane R. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
York City ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Hbv Prevention

Objective Infants born to women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic HBV infection and premature death. We examined epidemiologic trends among women with HBV infection who gave birth in New York City (NYC) to inform public health prevention activities. Methods We obtained data on HBV-infected women residing and giving birth in NYC during 1998-2015 from the NYC Perinatal HBV Prevention Program. We obtained citywide birth data from the NYC Office of Vital Statistics. We calculated the incidence of births to HBV-infected women per 100 000 live births and stratified by maternal race, birthplace, and age. We calculated annual percentage change (APC) in incidence of births to HBV-infected women by using joinpoint regression. Results Of 29 896 HBV-infected women included in the study, 28 195 (94.3%) were non–US-born, of whom 16 600 (58.9%) were born in China. Overall incidence of births to HBV-infected women per 100 000 live births increased from 1156 in 1998 to 1573 in 2006 (APC = 3.1%; P < .001) but declined to 1329 in 2015 (APC = –1.4%; P = .02). Incidence among US-born women declined from 1998 to 2015 (330 to 84; APC = –7.3%; P < .001) and among non–US-born women increased from 1998 to 2007 (1877 to 2864; APC = 3.6%; P < .001) but not thereafter. Incidence among women born in China increased from 1998 to 2006 (13 275 to 16 480; APC = 1.8%; P = .02) but decreased to 12 631 through 2015 (APC = –3.3%; P < .001). Conclusions The incidence of births to HBV-infected women in NYC declined significantly among US-born women but not among non–US-born women, highlighting the need for successful vaccination programs worldwide.

scholarly journals The Care of Premature Infants in New York City

1949 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Wallace ◽  
Leona Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
York City
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