PHENYLKETONURIA, AND GUTHRIE INHIBITION ASSAY SCREENING PROCEDURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-346
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
State Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Pilot Studies

Recommendations were made in view of the following facts: (1) the need for further information on the mechanisms involved in the phenotypic expressions of phenylketonuria; (2) the present lack of adequate data on the effectiveness of the Guthrie Inhibition Assay, in terms of number of cases which may be missed, factors making for positive determinations and providing other information on which to evaluate the appropriateness of the large-scale screening program proposed; (3) the undesirability of deploying inordinate resources in the evaluation of the Guthrie Inhibition Assay to the detriment of the needs of other areas of child health including phenylketonuria; (4) the indications that a multi-faceted approach to phenylketonuria would be productive, not only in resolving the problems involving this disorder but also as a model for the investigation of and application to the treatment of other genetic diseases; (5) the possibility that the Guthrie Inhibition Assay could be a useful tool in the early detection, treatment and investigation of phenylketonuria; and (6) the fact that other state health departments are participating in the Guthrie Field Trials, indicating that the California State Department of Public Health should apply its resources to a more intensive study of PKU and detection methods. The consultants made the following recommendations, through resolution, to the California State Department of Public Health. It was resolved that: 1. The State of California not be responsible at this time for initiating or recommending that the Guthrie procedure be accomplished on a state-wide basis in all newborn nurseries (one dissent). 2. The State of California initiate and coordinate the development of pilot studies in selected hospitals and medical centers throughout the State in the investigation of phenylketonuria, utilizing the Guthrie Inhibition Assay or other tests. 3. A scientific committee be appointed immediately as an advisory committee to the State Department of Public Health to develop recommendations for carrying out the suggested investigations. 4. A registry for phenylketonuria and other diseases (as listed in the recommendations by the Subcommittee on Human Genetics) be established within the framework of the State organization.

MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MECHANISMS IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vovk ◽  
◽  
Tatyana Vovk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Health System ◽  
The State ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Dental Services

Today it is becoming obvious that ensuring high and sustainable rates of development of the country, achieving strategic goals of national significance is impossible without an interested partnership between the state and the private sector. Currently, programs focused on the use of budget funds do not allow ministries and departments to implement large-scale, strategic projects. At the same time, the growing weight, the growing importance of social infrastructure, the responsibility of the state for its development in conditions of insufficient financial opportunities, make it necessary to update and improve investment tools in order to increase cost efficiency and better meet the needs of society. Taking this into account, the use of reserves to improve the effectiveness and quality of Public Administration mechanisms in the medical sphere requires solving certain theoretical and practical problems, to which we refer: determining the content of the effectiveness of Public Administration mechanisms in the country's health system; determining the main theoretical and methodological factors that determine the conditions, trends and means of Public Administration mechanisms, that is, those basic provisions and tools that determine the development of PPP in the healthcare sector; scientific substantiation of mechanisms for using these factors to improve the efficiency of the medical industry and the state of Public Health. In practice, the fact that state, municipal and private health systems should be considered as elements (subsystems) of a larger entity – the National Health System-is often forgotten or ignored. The system of Organization of medical care to the population is a complex combination of programs, institutions, institutions that are designed to solve various tasks: from the treatment of acute and chronic diseases to prevention, from individual treatment to measures aimed at improving public health, from primary health care to inpatient treatment, from the provision of dental services to the treatment of occupational diseases, etc.

scholarly journals RTS,S malaria vaccine pilot studies: addressing the human realities in large-scale clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld van den Berg ◽  
Bernhards Ogutu ◽  
Nelson Sewankambo ◽  
Nikola Biller-Andorno ◽  
Marcel Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Clinical Trial Research ◽  
Pilot Implementation

Abstract A malaria vaccine as part of the integrated malaria control and elimination efforts will have a major impact on public health in sub-Sahara Africa. The first malaria vaccine, RTS,S, now enters pilot implementation in three African countries. These pilot implementation studies are being initiated in Kenya, Malawi and Ghana to inform the broader roll-out recommendation. Based on the malaria vaccine clinical trial experiences, key ethical practices for effective clinical trial research in low-resource settings are described. For successful vaccine integration into malaria intervention programs, the relational dynamics between researchers and trial communities must be made explicit. Incorporating community values and returning to research practices that serve the intended benefactors are key strategies that address the human realities in large-scale clinical trials and pilot implementation, leading to positive public health outcomes.

scholarly journals RTS,S malaria vaccine pilot studies: addressing the human realities in large-scale clinical trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld van den Berg ◽  
Bernhards Ogutu ◽  
Nelson Sewankambo ◽  
Nikola Biller-Andorno ◽  
Marcel Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Clinical Trial Research ◽  
Pilot Implementation

Abstract A malaria vaccine as part of the integrated malaria control and elimination efforts will have a major impact on public health in sub-Sahara Africa. The first malaria vaccine, RTS,S, now enters pilot implementation in three African countries. These pilot implementation studies are being initiated in Kenya, Malawi and Ghana to inform the broader roll-out recommendation. Based on the malaria vaccine clinical trial experiences, key ethical practices for effective clinical trial research in low-resource settings are described. For successful vaccine integration into malaria intervention programs, the relational dynamics between researchers and trial communities must be made explicit. Incorporating community values and returning to research practices that serve the intended benefactors are key strategies that address the human realities in large-scale clinical trials and pilot implementation, leading to positive public health outcomes.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF UNDOCUMENTED BUILDINGS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK AND OFFICIAL GEODATA

2020 ◽  
Vol V-2-2020 ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
Y. Shi ◽  
S. Auer ◽  
R. Roschlaub ◽  
K. Möst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Building Detection ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Analysis Experiment

Abstract. Undocumented buildings are buildings which were built years ago, but were never recorded in official digital cadastral maps. Detection of undocumented buildings is of great importance for urban planning and monitoring. The state of Bavaria, Germany, pursues this task based on high resolution optical data and digital surface models, using semi-automatic detection methods, which suffer from a high false alarm rate. In order to study the influence of sampling strategies on the performance of building detection, we have firstly designed a transferability analysis experiment, which has not been adequately addressed in the current literature. In this experiment, we test whether the trained model from a district contains valuable information for building detection in a different district. It was found that the large-scale building detection results can be considerably improved when training samples are collected from different districts. Based on the building detection results, we propose a novel framework for the detection of undocumented buildings using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and official geodata. More specifically, buildings are identified as undocumented, when their pixels in the output of the CNN are predicted as “building”, whereas they belong to the “non-building” in the Digital Cadastral Map (DFK). The detected undocumented building pixels are subsequently divided into the class of old or new undocumented building with the aid of a Temporal Digital Surface Model (tDSM) in the stage of decision fusion. By doing so, a seamless map of undocumented buildings is generated for 1/4th of the state of Bavaria, Germany at a spatial resolution of 0.4 m, which has demonstrated the use of CNN for the robust detection of undocumented buildings at large-scale.

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