FIRE SAFETY OF STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS, USED IN CONSTRUCTION

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the modern technologies for the construction of buildings and structures using SIP panels. The features of fire safety of buildings erected using SIP panels are analyzed. The result of the study is the assumption of the possibility of using structures made of SIP panels for the construction of social infrastructure facilities, especially in conditions of limited availability, the fire hazard of the buildings being erected compared to other traditional materials is estimated

Methodology for the formulation of a set of measures for the development of rural areas

Relevance. The current state of rural areas is characterized by poor development of engineering and social infrastructure, low, compared to urban, standard of living, negative forms of migration, natural decline and depopulation of the rural population. Within the framework of state regulation of the process of overcoming the current situation, state support is provided for measures for the development of rural areas put forward on the basis of local initiatives (ofmunicipalities, citizens, professional communities). However, generally accepted scientific recommendations for the formulation of such measures are not currently developed, so the topic of the study is relevant.Methods. The research is based on systematic, dialectical, abstract-logical, and organizational approaches. The object of the study is rural territories, the subject is theoretical and methodological issues related to the formulation of measures for their development.Results. A methodological approach to the formulation of a set of measures for the development of rural areas, taking into account the opportunities provided by the current state programs, is proposed. It includes the following stages: analysis of the state of the rural territory; forecasting the directions and dynamics of its development; determination of objective needs and selection of the most appropriate changes in the properties of the rural territory; formulation of a set of measures and justification of mechanisms for their implementation. In the proposed methodological approach, the rural territory is considered not in isolation, but in a single system of settlement “city — village” based on the use of SWOT and PEST analysis. At the stage of forecasting the directions and dynamics of rural development, a comprehensive use of the normative resource method and the method of extrapolation of time series trends is proposed. The selection of the most appropriate changes in the properties of the rural territory is carried out on the basis of a multi-level approach that allows to identify the problems of rural settlements, individual social groups and rural residents. It is proposed to justify the mechanisms for implementing measures for the development of rural areas based on the resources of municipalities, rural population, private business and state support measures.

University spaces for cooperation strengthening pro-innovative attitudes of academic community

The article and its undertaken matter are part of the discussion on the pro-innovative nature of a university – featuring examples of (mainly educational) activities which boost innovation on the university campus and beyond, and referring to trends occurring in the analysed areas. The presented content has been limited to the social dimension of innovation, which among other things, changes the way of perceiving the world and interpersonal relations, also in terms of organization of workspaces and (co)working methods. The purpose of the article is also to draw attention to the participation of students, academic teachers in various activities (also pro-innovative ones) taking place within a non-traditional social infrastructure. Problem analysis was based on literature studies, including reports on research on innovation as well as on the author’s professional experience related to new spaces of education – and an attempt to answer the question: “Can cooperation within the described spaces strengthen pro-innovative attitudes, including the attitudes of future pedagogues?”

Modeling and forecasting the influence of social infrastructure development of interregional migration in Russia

At present demographic development of Russia and its regions is one of the most important factors of the country’s economic growth and also is key priority of the state government system. In spite of that, the issues of interregional migration are poorly represented in the strategic planning documents both at the federal and regional level. The major migration-induced population growth can be observed in the federal cities, capital areas and central part of Russia. At the same time in 2019 there was migration loss in 47 subjects of the Russian Federation. In many regions it is combined with the natural population loss aggravating the situation. The emerging closed loop (decreasing attractiveness of the area – migration loss – deteriorating social and economic situation – decreasing attractiveness of the area) results in increasing contradictions. Variety of factors determining the direction and the dynamics of migration flows requires a comprehensive study of these processes. The analysis conducted revealed that the level of development of the territory’s infrastructure is of great significance in this matter. Therefore, this direction is considered to be the main one. For quantification the authors established a complex of individual indicators which were preprocessed and consistently merged into directional integral and later into a single integral indicator of the level of social infrastructure development. Moreover, it is advisable to define five groups of regions according to the degree of their potential’s realization and to consider the affiliation of the subject of the federation to a particular group as an additional factor. Thus, the authors obtained the regression equation which describes the interrelation between the parameters under study. ANOVA revealed the opportunity of its practical application. Based on this model, a scenario forecast for the development of social infrastructure in Russia and its regions has been formed.

ДОБРОБУТ СЕЛЯН У ПОСТРАДЯНСЬКИЙ ПЕРІОД

Ключові слова. побут, селянство, матеріальний добробут, інфраструктура, медицина, культура, освіта. Анотація У статті розглянуто особливості добробуту сільського населення у пострадянський період. Акцентується увага на забезпеченості населення необхідними для життя матеріальними благам. Насамперед, продуктами харчування, промисловими товарами, послугами та умовами, що задовольняють певну потребу людини і відповідають її інтересам. У не найкращому стані перебувала соціальна сфера, комунальне господарство і медицина. Кризові явища, якими супроводжувалися трансформаційні процеси в економіці, завдали відчутних збитків матеріальному забезпеченню селян. За результатами зібраних матеріалів доведено, що економічна криза, швидкі темпи інфляції, проблема дефіциту товарів, затримка коштів для виплати заробітної плати в 90-х рр. ХХ ст. ускладнювали матеріальне становище сільського населення України. Посилання Bakhovskyi, 2003 ‑ Bakhovskyi V. Tsiny na prodovolchi tovary i riven zhyttia naselennia [Food prices and living standards]. // Ekonomika APK. 2003. №12 S.81-87. [in Ukrainian]. Balanovska, 2000 – Balanovska T. Silskyi sektor Ukrainy na rubezhi tysiacholit [Ukraine's rural sector at the turn of the millennium]. T.1. : Potentsial silskoho sektora. Kyiv : Instytut ekonomiky NAN Ukrainy, 2000. 396 s. [in Ukrainian]. Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy, 1992‑2001 ‑ Derzhavna sluzhba statystyky Ukrainy: statystychna informatsiia [State Statistics Service of Ukraine: statistical information]. URL: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ (data zvernennia 25.11.2021) [in Ukrainian]. Ihnatenko, 2009 ‑ Ihnatenko M. Ukrainske selianstvo: pobutova ta kulturno-osvitnia sfera (1991‑1997 rr.) [Ukrainian peasantry: household and cultural-educational sphere (1991–1997)]. // Osvita, nauka i kultura na Podilli: zb. naukovykh prats, prysviachenyi 90-richchiu Kamianetskoi doby UNR. Kamianets-Podilskyi : Opiium, 2009. T. 13. S. 386-394. [in Ukrainian]. Kasianov, 2008 ‑ Kasianov H. Ukraina 1999 – 2007: narysy novitnoi istorii [Ukraine 1999–2007: Essays on Recent History].Kyiv : Nash chas, 2008. 432 s. [in Ukrainian]. Kovpak, 2003 ‑ Kovpak L. V. Sotsialno-pobutovi umovy zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy v druhii polovyni KhKh st. (1945–2000 rr.) [Socio-living conditions of the population of Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century (1945–2000)] Kyiv : Instytut istorii Ukrainy NAN Ukrainy, 2003. 250 s. [in Ukrainian]. Prokopa, 1996. ‑ Prokopa I. V. Sotsialna infrastruktura sela: formuvannia novoho mekhanizmu rozvytku [Social infrastructure of the village: formation of a new mechanism of development]. Kyiv : NAN Ukrainy, Instytut ekonomiky, 1996. 172 s. [in Ukrainian]. Riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy, 2006 ‑ Riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy [The standard of living of the population of Ukraine]. / za red. L. M. Cherenko. Kyiv : TOV «Vydavnytstvo «Konsultant», 2006. 428 s. [in Ukrainian]. Riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy, 2006 Derzhavnyi komitet statystyky Ukrainy: riven zhyttia naselennia Ukrainy [State Statistics Committee of Ukraine: living standards of the population of Ukraine]. URL: https://idss.org.ua/monografii/riven_juttya_naselennya%20krainu.pdf (data zvernennia 25.11.2021) [in Ukrainian]. Sabluk, 2002 ‑ Sabluka P. T., Orlatyi M. K. Materialnyi dobrobut silskykh zhyteliv [Material well-being of rural residents]. Kyiv : Instytut ahrarnoi ekonomiky UAAN, 2002. 369 s. [in Ukrainian]. Smolii, 2006 ‑ Smolii V. A. Istoriia ukrainskoho selianstva: narysy: v 2 t. [History of the Ukrainian peasantry: essays in 2 volumes]. Kyiv : Naukova dumka, 2006. T. 2. 653 s. [in Ukrainian]. Statystychnyi shchorichnyk Ukrainy, 2010 ‑ Statystychnyi shchorichnyk Ukrainy 2009 rik [Statistical Yearbook of Ukraine 2009]. / za red. O.H. Osaulenka. Kyiv : Derzhkomstat Ukrainy, 2010. 567 s. [in Ukrainian]. Statystychnyi zbirnyk, 1997 ‑ Sotsialno-ekonomichne stanovyshche silskykh naselenykh punktiv Ukrainy: statystychnyi zbirnyk [Socio-economic situation of rural settlements of Ukraine: statistical collection]. Kyiv : Derzhkomstat Ukrainy, 1997. 175 s. [in Ukrainian]. Zavalniuk, 2004 ‑ Zavalniuk O., Rybak I. Novitnia ahrarna istoriia Ukrainy [Recent agrarian history of Ukraine]. Kamianets-Podilskyi : Abetka-NOVA, 2004. 288 s. [in Ukrainian].

INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COUNTRY AND HER COMPONENTS

Important role in creating favorable conditions for the development of any economy is played by foreign investment. The attraction of foreign investment enables the recipient country to obtain a number of advantages, the main of which is the improvement of the balance of payments; transfer of the latest technologies and know-how; complex use of internal resources; development of export potential and reduction of dependence on imports; achievement of socio-economic effect (increase of employment level, development of social infrastructure, etc.). Possibilities of attracting investments into the country are depended first of all for the conditions for the investors who are created, that is, from the investment attractiveness of the country. The paper substantiates the theoretical positions that reveal the essence of the notion of investment. It is shown that investment attractiveness should be considered as an integral (factorial) characteristic, since the investment attractiveness of the country reflects the current state and level of development of the state, which is determined by the set of its economic, political, social, cultural, scientific and technological, infrastructure, financial, resource and raw materials, environmental and other factors that determine the solvent demand for investment. That is, this parameter is a cumulative estimate of all industries of the state's operation. The proposed approach to the estimation attractiveness of the country allows us to identify and assess the causes and problems in the economy, the degree of their importance and urgency, there is an opportunity to comprehend the influence of various factors on the increase or decrease of investment attractiveness of the state and there is a basis for an active approach to the identification of its constituent parts.

Budget Subsidies + “Private Concession Initiative” = Stopper for Social Infrastructure Development

The overwhelming majority of social infrastructure facilities remain in state ownership, requiring special formats for attracting private investment without possibility of disposition and loss of their destination. Mechanism of public-private partnership doesn't leave any other option for such projects, and the "private concession initiative", which has become widespread in recent years, is best suited for projects focused on commercial activities, although this limits its application to social facilities. Non-competitive basis of this format relies on the market offer of the investor, whose rationality does not imply social behavior and whose activity is obviously not intended for budgetary participation. Recently, there has been an increase in cases of government authorities taking commitments on budgetary co-financing of agreements concluded as a result of such initiatives, which is often fraught with systemic violations of budgetary legislation. Connivance of the control-supervisory and judicial authorities results in formation of skewed law enforcement practice, in 36.2% of projects investors receive additional rental income from the budget, objectively not justified. This not only results in budget overpayments, but also devalues competitive formats that were previously quite successful — at present only 1/5 of social projects are concluded through a competitive process.