Cigarette Smoking and the Fetus and Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
Henry G. Dunn ◽  
Annetta K. McBurney
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Long Term Effects

The authoritative statement on the "Effects of Cigarette-Smoking on the Fetus and Child" (Pediatrics 57:411, March 1976) is an excellent summary but necessarily brief. With respect to the later growth and development of the children, the statement quotes only one study, which demonstrated no long-term effects of maternal smoking on physical growth and intellectual development through the first seven years of life. We believe that such effects may indeed be demonstrable though slight. In the quoted study, Hardy and Mellits1 established 88 pairs of children of matched smoking and nonsmoking mothers.

Short- and long-term effects of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability

1990 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Hayano ◽  
Masami Yamada ◽  
Yusaku Sakakibara ◽  
Takao Fujinami ◽  
Kiyoko Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Effects of Prenatal Dexamethasone Treatment on Postnatal Physical, Endocrine, and Social Development in the Common Marmoset Monkey

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1813-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hauser ◽  
Andrea Dettling-Artho ◽  
Sonia Pilloud ◽  
Claudia Maier ◽  
Alana Knapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Common Marmosets

The prophylactic treatment of diagnosed preterm delivery with synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), is commonplace. Long-term effects of such treatment are not well understood. In the present study, we exposed pregnant common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), small-bodied monkeys that are therefore advantageous for long-term primate studies, to daily repeated DEX (5 mg/kg orally) either during early (d 42–48) or late (d 90–96) pregnancy (gestation period of 144 d). Relative to control, we investigated DEX effects in terms of maternal endocrinology (plasma cortisol and estrogen titers) and offspring physical growth, plasma and urinary ACTH and cortisol titers, and social and maintenance behaviors from birth to weaning. Both DEX treatments resulted in markedly reduced maternal plasma cortisol titers during treatment and reduced estimated gestation period. Both treatments were without effects on neonate morphometric measurements and basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Early DEX treatment resulted in increased infant body weight at postnatal d 56 and 84, co-occurring at the behavioral level with increased time spent in eating solid food, a mobile state, solitary play, and exhibiting tail hair piloerection. The constellation of physical and behavioral effects of early DEX suggests interesting parallels with the human metabolic syndrome, providing primate support that the latter is causally associated with the fetal environment, including prenatal programming. This novel primate in vivo evidence for postnatal effects of prenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure indicates the importance of improved understanding of this acute clinical treatment in terms of its long-term effects on offspring well-being.

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