scholarly journals A Typological Sketch of Kamsá, a Language Isolate of Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Alena O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Nominal Morphology ◽  
Geographical Context

Kamsá is a language isolate spoken in the Sibundoy Valley in the Putumayo department of southern Colombia. Its speech community lives on the eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains, between the linguistic areas of the Andes and the Amazon. This paper presents various grammatical features of Kamsá, including its phonology, nominal morphology (especially noun class and case marking), verbal morphology (especially person/number marking for core arguments and evidentiality), morphosyntactic alignment, and syntax (including discussion of causatives, comparatives, and subordinate clauses). In doing so, the paper places Kamsá within its typological and geographical context, between the Amazon and the Andes.

scholarly journals Isomorphism and language-specific devices in comprehension of Korean suffixal passive construction by Mandarin-speaking learners of Korean

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyu-Ho Shin ◽  
Sun Hee Park
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Case Marking

Abstract Across languages, a passive construction is known to manifest a misalignment between the typical order of event composition (agent-before-theme) and the actual order of arguments in the constructions (theme-before-agent), dubbed non-isomorphic mapping. This study investigates comprehension of a suffixal passive construction in Korean by Mandarin-speaking learners of Korean, focusing on isomorphism and language-specific devices in the passive. We measured learners’ judgment of the acceptability of canonical and scrambled suffixal passives as well as their reaction times (relative to a canonical active transitive). Our analysis generated three major findings. First, learners uniformly preferred the canonical passive to the scrambled passive. Second, as proficiency increased, the judgment gap between the canonical active transitive and the canonical suffixal passive narrowed, but the gap between the canonical active transitive and the scrambled suffixal passive did not. Third, learners (and even native speakers) spent more time in judging the acceptability of the canonical suffixal passive than they did in the other two construction types. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the mapping nature involving a passive voice, indicated by language-specific devices (i.e., case-marking and verbal morphology dedicated to Korean passives), in L2 acquisition.

Reduced forms in the nominal morphology of the Lindisfarne Gospel Gloss. A case of accusative/dative syncretism?

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (s41) ◽  
pp. 37-65
Author(s):  
Julia Fernández-Cuesta ◽  
Nieves Rodríguez-Ledesma
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Old English ◽  
Frequency Condition ◽  
Facsimile Edition ◽  
Noun Class ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Nominal Morphology ◽  
Reduced Forms ◽  
Syntactic Context

Abstract One of the most characteristic features of the grammar of the Lindisfarne Gospel gloss is the absence of the etymological -e inflection in the dative singular in the paradigm of the strong masculine and neuter declension (a-stems). Ross (1960: 38) already noted that endingless forms of the nominative/accusative cases were quite frequent in contexts where a dative singular in -e would be expected, to the extent that he labeled the forms in -e ‘rudimentary dative.’ The aim of this article is to assess to what extent the dative singular is still found as a separate case in the paradigms of the masculine and neuter a-stems and root nouns. To this end a quantitative/statistical analysis of nouns belonging to these classes has been carried out in contexts where the Latin lemma is either accusative or dative. We have tried to determine whether variables such as syntactic context, noun class, and frequency condition the presence or absence of the -e inflection, and whether the distribution of the inflected and uninflected forms is different in the various demarcations that have been identified in the gloss. The data have been retrieved using the Dictionary of Old English Corpus. All tokens have been checked against the facsimile edition and the digitised manuscript in order to detect possible errors.

Population biology of the unusual thermoconforming lizards of the Andes Mountains of Peru (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Doan ◽  
Sara A. Sheffer ◽  
Nicholas R. Warmington ◽  
Eliot E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Population Biology ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
The Andes

Grammar of Skolt Saami

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Feist
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Northeast Finland

Skolt Saami is a Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in northeast Finland by less than 300 people. The aim of this descriptive grammar is to provide an overview of all the major grammatical aspects of the language. It comprises descriptions of Skolt Saami phonology, morphophonology, morphology, morphosyntax and syntax. A compilation of interlinearised texts is provided in Chapter 11. Skolt Saami is a phonologically complex language, displaying contrastive vowel length, consonant gradation, suprasegmental palatalisation and vowel height alternations. It is also well known for being one of the few languages to display three distinctive degrees of quantity; indeed, this very topic has already been the subject of an acoustic analysis (McRobbie-Utasi 1999). Skolt Saami is also a morphologically complex language. Nominals in Skolt Saami belong to twelve different inflectional classes. They inflect for number and nine grammatical cases and may also mark possession, giving rise to over seventy distinct forms. Verbs belong to four different inflectional classes and inflect for person, number, tense and mood. Inflection is marked by suffixes, many of which are fused morphemes. Other typologically interesting features of the language, which are covered in this grammar, include (i) the existence of distinct predicative and attributive forms of adjectives, (ii) the case-marking of subject and object nominals which have cardinal numerals as determiners, and (iii) the marking of negation with a negative auxiliary verb. Skolt Saami is a seriously endangered language and it is thus hoped that this grammar will serve both as a tool to linguistic researchers and as an impetus to the speech community in any future revitalisation efforts.

Typological overview of Estonian syntax

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mati Erelt
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Concise Overview ◽  
Verb Categories

AbstractThe paper presents a concise overview of the main syntactic features of Estonian. It deals with basic clause patterns, case marking of arguments, verbs and verb categories, non-verbal predication, word order, expression of speech acts and negation, noun phrases, p-phrases, subordinate clauses, and coordination.

10. Mercury Biomagnification in the Food Web of Tropical Andean Stream

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae Yun Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Fish Mucus ◽  
13C Isotopes ◽  
Natural Emission ◽  
Aquatic Food

Increasing release of mercury (Hg) through gold amalgamation, and deforestation have been major concerns in South America. Volcanic sources have also contributed to the natural emission of Hg from the Andes Mountains. Hg not only exhibits biomagnification through aquatic food webs, but it is also neurotoxic and impacts the reproductive capacity of fish. Many studies have assessed Hg biomagnification from areas of gold mining and erosion, but ours is one of the first to examine Hg contamination in a relatively undisturbed area. We used stable nitrogen () and carbon (13C) isotopes to characterize the food web of Río Las Marías, Venezuela, and examine Hg biomagnification trends. Representative fish species from Río Las Marías were collected during January‐February 2004, including detritivores, herbivores, invertivores, parasites, piscivores, and carnivores. Nitrogen isotope results indicate that parasitic catfish (Ochmancanthus alternus) ( = 12.2‰), carnivorous stingrays (Potamotrygon orbignyi) ( =11.4‰) and piscivorous redeye piranhas (Serrasalmus rhombeus) ( =10.9‰) act as top consumers in the web. Detritivorous characins (Steindachnerina argentae) (=6.8‰), and invertivorous knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) ( =7.9‰) were located at the bottom of the food web. Although the highest value was observed from Ochmancanthus alternus due to its unusual diet of fish mucus, we predict that piscivorous species will exhibit higher Hg concentrations by consuming the muscle tissue where Hg is stored. Our assessment of Hg patterns in Río Las Marías will clarify the extent of Hg contamination in undisturbed areas, and will offer a valuable comparison to rivers that are influenced by gold mining activities.3

Black carbon transport between Santiago de Chile and glaciers in the Andes Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 117546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Gramsch ◽  
Alicia Muñoz ◽  
Joakim Langner ◽  
Luis Morales ◽  
Cristian Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Carbon Transport

Altavelia, a new genus of Neotropical Veliinae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae), with a key to species and descriptions of four new species from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4585 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN A. POLHEMUS ◽  
FREDY MOLANO ◽  
IRINA MORALES ◽  
FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO MOREIRA ◽  
CARLA FERNANDA BURGUEZ FLORIANO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Andes Mountains ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The Andes ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Female Abdomen

The new genus Altavelia Polhemus & Moreira (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Veliidae) includes seven species previously contained in the inveruglas group of Paravelia Breddin, 1898 and four new species from Colombia: A. altoandina Molano & Morales, A. antioquia Molano & Morales, A. montana Molano & Morales, and A. quindiana Molano & Morales. Additionally, A. amoena (Drake, 1957) is synonymized with A. flavomarginata (Hungerford, 1930). The genus is characterized by prominent setal tufts or sclerotized wing-like processes on the male proctiger; elongate body shape with long, slender legs; uniformly blackish forewings; antennal segment I longest; and the female abdomen with tergum VIII deflexed. Species in this genus occur at high elevations in the Andes Mountains with records from 1500 to 3600 m. A key is provided to all 11 species in the genus and new distributional records are presented for A. boliviana (Breddin, 1898), A. columbiensis (Hungerford, 1930), and A. flavomarginata.  

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