Hydraulic Fracture Test Site Drained Rock Volume and Recovery Factors Visualized by Scaled Complex Analysis Method (CAM): Emulating Multiple Data Sources (Production Rates, Water Cuts, Pressure Gauges, Flow Regime Changes, and b-Sigmoids)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Weijermars ◽  
Kiran Nandlal ◽  
Murat Tugan ◽  
Ron Dusterhoft ◽  
Neil Stegent
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fracture Test ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Drained Rock Volume

An Integrated View of Hydraulic Induced Fracture Geometry in Hydraulic Fracture Test Site 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Ugueto ◽  
Magdalena Wojtaszek ◽  
Paul T. Huckabee ◽  
Alexei A. Savitski ◽  
Artur Guzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Fracture Test ◽  
Fracture Geometry

Gas Research Institute Hydraulic Fracture Test Site

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Robinson ◽  
F.E. Syfan ◽  
S.A. Holditch
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Fracture Test ◽  
Research Institute

scholarly journals Stratigraphically Controlled Stress Variations at the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site-1 in the Midland Basin, TX

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8328
Author(s):  
Arjun Kohli ◽  
Mark Zoback
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Fracture Test ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Stress Measurements ◽  
Fracture Growth

We investigated the relationship between stratigraphy, stress, and microseismicity at the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site-1. The site comprises two sets of horizontal wells in the Wolfcamp shale and a deviated well drilled after hydraulic fracturing. Regional stresses indicate normal/strike-slip faulting with E-W compression. Stress measurements in vertical and horizontal wells show that the minimum principal stress varies with depth. Strata with high clay and organic content show high values of the least compressive stress, consistent with the theory of viscous stress relaxation. By integrating data from core, logs, and the hydraulic fracturing stages, we constructed a stress profile for the Wolfcamp sequence, which predicts how much pressure is required for hydraulic fracture growth. We applied the results to fracture orientation data from image logs to determine the population of pre-existing faults that are expected to slip during stimulation. We also determined microseismic focal plane mechanisms and found slip on steeply dipping planes striking NW, consistent with the orientations of potentially active faults predicted by the stress model. This case study represents a general approach for integrating stress measurements and rock properties to predict hydraulic fracture growth and the characteristics of injection-induced microseismicity.

scholarly journals Impact on Drained Rock Volume (DRV) of Storativity and Enhanced Permeability in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Upscaled Field Case from Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS), Wolfcamp Formation, Midland Basin, West Texas

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Nandlal ◽  
Ruud Weijermars
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Naturally Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Natural Fractures ◽  
Midland Basin ◽  
Drained Rock Volume ◽  
The Impact

Hydraulic fracturing for economic production from unconventional reservoirs is subject to many subsurface uncertainties. One such uncertainty is the impact of natural fractures in the vicinity of hydraulic fractures in the reservoir on flow and thus the actual drained rock volume (DRV). We delineate three fundamental processes by which natural fractures can impact flow. Two of these mechanisms are due to the possibility of natural fracture networks to possess (i) enhanced permeability and (ii) enhanced storativity. A systematic approach was used to model the effects of these two mechanisms on flow patterns and drained regions in the reservoir. A third mechanism by which natural fractures may impact reservoir flow is by the reactivation of natural fractures that become extensions of the hydraulic fracture network. The DRV for all three mechanisms can be modeled in flow simulations based on Complex Analysis Methods (CAM), which offer infinite resolution down to a micro-fracture scale, and is thus complementary to numerical simulation methods. In addition to synthetic models, reservoir and natural fracture data from the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (Wolfcamp Formation, Midland Basin) were used to determine the real-world impact of natural fractures on drainage patterns in the reservoir. The spatial location and variability in the DRV was more influenced by the natural fracture enhanced permeability than enhanced storativity (related to enhanced porosity). A Carman–Kozeny correlation was used to relate porosity and permeability in the natural fractures. Our study introduces a groundbreaking upscaling procedure for flows with a high number of natural fractures, by combining object-based and flow-based upscaling methods. A key insight is that channeling of flow through natural fractures left undrained areas in the matrix between the fractures. The flow models presented in this study can be implemented to make quick and informed decisions regarding where any undrained volume occurs, which can then be targeted for refracturing. With the method outlined in our study, one can determine the impact and influence of natural fracture sets on the actual drained volume and where the drainage is focused. The DRV analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs will help to better determine the optimum hydraulic fracture design and well spacing to achieve the most efficient recovery rates.

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