Lithium Batteries for Biomedical Applications

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther S. Takeuchi ◽  
Randolph A. Leising
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Cardiac Pacemakers ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Power Sources

AbstractLithium batteries have been successfully used in implantable biomedical devices for the last 30 years, and in some cases the use of lithium power sources has significantly contributed to the viability of the device. These battery systems fall into two major categories: primary, or single-use, cells containing lithium-metal anodes; and secondary, or rechargeable, systems utilizing lithium-ion chemistry. Primary lithium batteries have been used for implantable devices such as cardiac pacemakers, drug pumps, neurostimulators, and cardiac defibrillators. Rechargeable batteries have been used with left ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts. All of these cells share the characteristics of high safety, reliability, energy density, and predictability of performance. Additionally, state-of-charge indication and low self-discharge are important features, along with charging safety and high cycle life for rechargeable cells.

Cardiogenic Shock – Developments and Treatment Strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Seabra-Gomes ◽  
Jorge Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Hard Data ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most serious and challenging conditions in cardiology and is responsible for the highest in-hospital mortality associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The only significant treatment strategy that has been shown to reduce its incidence and inherent mortality is emergent coronary revascularisation. Prevention should aim at early recognition of symptoms, appropriate pre-hospital emergency medical care and prompt primary revascularisation. Once established, cardiogenic shock still has an unacceptably high mortality rate. Approaches that include new pharmacological therapies and other forms of mechanical haemodynamic support are under investigation. The possible role of systemic inflammatory response has led to the investigation of nitric oxide synthase inhibition, although initial results with tilarginine were disappointing. The use of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices looks promising, but hard data regarding mortality benefit are still missing. Cardiogenic shock remains a perplexing and often fatal condition. The future may require more basic, translational and clinical research.

Devices for Transcatheter Haemodynamic Support for Left Heart Failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Aman Ali ◽  
Timothy A Sanborn ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist Devices ◽  
Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Left Heart Failure ◽  
Assist Devices ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist

Among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), those in cardiogenic shock have the highest mortality rate. Early revascularisation with primary percutaneous intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery has decreased the mortality rate of patients in cardiogenic shock, but it remains high. The conventional treatment of haemodynamic instability has been the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP); however, the IABP may not give adequate support to patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Recent advances in percutaneous left ventricular assist devices, specifically the TandemHeart and Impella LP 2.5, have shown improved haemodynamic support compared with the IABP. This article provides an overview of the use of percutaneous left ventricular assist devices to treat patients presenting with cardiogenic shock after acute MI.

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