Bending of Iron-Gallium (Galfenol) Alloys for Sensor Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Downey ◽  
Alison B. Flatau
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Gallium Alloys ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Magnetostrictive Sensor ◽  
Cantilevered Beams ◽  
Analytic Models ◽  
Iron Gallium

ABSTRACTThis project investigates the magnetomechanical sensing behavior of iron-gallium alloys in response to applied bending loads to identify the relevant design criteria for novel magnetostrictive sensor applications. A series of experiments are conducted on the magnetic induction response of cantilevered beams to dynamic bending loads. Analytic models of the system are formulated from both the constitutive magnetostriction equations and a free energy derivation. Both the experimental and analytical results show a change of as much as 0.3 T of induction can be measured in the samples in response to relatively small applied forces, with the output magnetic signal appearing at twice the frequency of beam vibration.

Adhesion measured on the attachment pads of Tettigonia viridissima (Orthoptera, insecta)

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (12) ◽  
pp. 1887-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jiao ◽  
S. Gorb ◽  
M. Scherge
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Silicon Surface ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Adhesive Forces

The tarsi of the cricket Tettigonia viridissima bear flexible attachment pads that are able to deform, replicating the profile of a surface to which they are apposed. This attachment system is supplemented by a secretion produced by epidermal cells and transported onto the surface of the pad through the pore canals of the pad cuticle. This study shows that the secretion alone is necessary, but not sufficient, for adhesion. To account for the full adhesive force, the deformation of the pad and the resulting changes in contact area were considered. In two series of experiments, the adhesive properties of the secretion and the adhesion of the whole pad were measured using a force tester, the sensitivity of which ranged from micronewtons to centinewtons. The adhesive forces of the secretion measured between a smooth sapphire ball with a diameter of 1.47 mm and a flat silicon surface ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 mN. In a control experiment on the silicon surface without secretion, no adhesive force was measured. There was no dependence of the adhesive force on the applied compressive force. When an intact pad was pulled off a flat silicon surface, the adhesive force increased with increasing applied compressive force, but it did not increase further once the applied force exceeded a certain value. The saturated adhesive force, ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 mN, was obtained at applied forces of 0.7-1.5 mN. The hemispherical surface of the pad had a larger contact area and demonstrated greater adhesion under a larger applied force. Adhesion became saturated when a pad was deformed such that contact area was maximal. The tenacity (the adhesive force per unit area) was 1.7-2.2 mN mm(−)(2).

Surface characterization of functional iron–gallium alloys annealed under different conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103
Author(s):  
Toru Kawamata ◽  
Kozo Shinoda ◽  
Kazumasa Sugiyama ◽  
Shigeru Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Gallium Alloys ◽  
Iron Gallium

The Usage of Hydroextrusion for Plastic Deformation of Magnetostrictive Iron-Gallium Alloys

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Gervasyeva ◽  
V.A. Milyutin ◽  
D.I. Davidov ◽  
Yulia V. Khlebnikova
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Gallium Alloys ◽  
Gallium Content ◽  
First Time ◽  
Electron Back Scattered Diffraction ◽  
Iron Gallium

For the first time hydroextrusion process was chosen for Fe-Ga ingots deformation with a gallium content of 19 and 20 at.%. The samples were annealed at 950oC, followed by air cooling. Structure of deformation and primary recrystallyzation were investigated by the method of electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The degree of hydroextrusion deformation achieved was 28 – 42 %. There was not found any crystallographic texture at such degree of deformation. The value of magnetostriction in recrystallization sample was about 100 ppm. Available in literature methods and approaches to creation of the Fe-Ga samples from the point of view of receiving high magnetostriction and also a possibility of machining of the samples are discussed.

Effect of thermal history and gallium content on magneto-mechanical properties of iron gallium alloys

2006 ◽  
Vol 435-436 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Datta ◽  
M. Huang ◽  
J. Raim ◽  
T.A. Lograsso ◽  
A.B. Flatau
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Gallium Alloys ◽  
Gallium Content ◽  
Iron Gallium
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