Investigation of the Influence of Heterogeneous Porosity on Matrix Diffusion: a Novel Approach Using Adaptive Tree-Multigrid Technique and Real Porosity Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Simbierowicz ◽  
M. Olin

ABSTRACTLast year we developed a two-dimensional deterministic heterogeneous matrix diffusion model, which is capable of utilising porosity information originating from real drill-core samples. The results of numerical infiltration experiment we had performed with the model displayed substantial spatial variations in the penetration depth. Because it is practically impossible to verify experimentally those two-dimensional penetration profiles we had computed, this time we decided to try modelling of measured leaching curves. Unfortunately we have not succeeded in acquiring such curves for the exact same samples, which we have used in numerical leaching experiments. Nevertheless it can be seen, that the shape of leaching curves computed with the heterogeneous model is clearly closer to the shape of measured curves, than the shape of curves provided by the standard model. These differences can be utilised as a basis for an approximate numerical method of assessing the geometric factor, which has traditionally been a purely empirical parameter.The results of the new numerical experiments agree with our older results from last year: the heterogeneity of the rock matrix has highly significant impact on the diffusion. However, when interpreting the results, one must not neglect numerous limitations of the model, and hence, one should not attempt to overgeneralise the conclusions.

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (55) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco M. Neri ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-Reche ◽  
Sergei N. Taraskin ◽  
Christopher A. Gilligan

The percolation paradigm is widely used in spatially explicit epidemic models where disease spreads between neighbouring hosts. It has been successful in identifying epidemic thresholds for invasion, separating non-invasive regimes, where the disease never invades the system, from invasive regimes where the probability of invasion is positive. However, its power is mainly limited to homogeneous systems. When heterogeneity (environmental stochasticity) is introduced, the value of the epidemic threshold is, in general, not predictable without numerical simulations. Here, we analyse the role of heterogeneity in a stochastic susceptible–infected–removed epidemic model on a two-dimensional lattice. In the homogeneous case, equivalent to bond percolation, the probability of invasion is controlled by a single parameter, the transmissibility of the pathogen between neighbouring hosts. In the heterogeneous model, the transmissibility becomes a random variable drawn from a probability distribution. We investigate how heterogeneity in transmissibility influences the value of the invasion threshold, and find that the resilience of the system to invasion can be suitably described by two control parameters, the mean and variance of the transmissibility. We analyse a two-dimensional phase diagram, where the threshold is represented by a phase boundary separating an invasive regime in the high-mean, low-variance region from a non-invasive regime in the low-mean, high-variance region of the parameter space. We thus show that the percolation paradigm can be extended to the heterogeneous case. Our results have practical implications for the analysis of disease control strategies in realistic heterogeneous epidemic systems.


1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Hartikainen ◽  
A. HautojÄrvi ◽  
H. Pietarila ◽  
J. Timonen

AbstractA new gas flow technique is introduced such that experiments on very long samples are possible. This new technique together with increased accuracy of the measurements, allows the observation of power law tails in the break-through curves. Dispersion in these experiments can be controlled in great detail, and therefore the power law tails can be used to determine very accurately the parameters relevant in matrix diffusion. Results for rock and metal samples are shown, and they are fitted with model calculations which include both dispersion and matrix diffusion. The introduced technique, which is designed for ordinary drill cores, is suitable for scanning a large number of samples in a very short time.


2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Alonso ◽  
T. Missana ◽  
M. García-Gutiérrez ◽  
A. Patelli ◽  
J. Ravagnan ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTRock matrix diffusion is one of the possible mechanisms for radionuclide retardation in a deep geological high-level radioactive waste repository, and it is usually considered that radionuclides diffuse as solutes through the rock. Nonetheless, the potential effects that clay, from the bentonite barrier, may induce on the radionuclides migration should be taken into account. Furthermore, transport models generally assume that the whole mineral surface is accessible to transport, whereas transport is highly conditioned by the heterogeneous mineral distribution, since different minerals may act as preferential pathways, while others may present higher sorption capability. It is therefore necessary to determine the actual surface area accessible to transport.The aim of the present work is the identification of the uranium preferential pathways to the granite, both in presence or absence of bentonite clay. Results showed that uranium as solute diffused in specific mineral areas, indicating that the actual surface area accessible to matrix diffusion, and/or sorption on the surface, is significantly lower than the whole mineral surface. By the other hand, the uranium in presence of the clay was randomly distributed on the surface, and penetrated into the granite mainly through “defects” (as fractures or grain boundaries); its migration being enhanced on specially fractured or disturbed areas.


2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Oishi ◽  
Yukio Mizuguchi ◽  
Hirokazu Miyoshi ◽  
Arata Iuchi ◽  
Norio Nagase ◽  
...  

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