Alginates modification and the prospective uses of their products.

Alginate is a natural hydrocolloid that is used in food and non food industries. The weakness ofnative alginate cause the limited uses of this material in industry. Some weaknesses of nativealginate had been successfully overcome either by the modification of alginate structure orinteraction of alginate with another substances. The low solubility of alginate and its low stabilityagainst acid had been successfully resolved with esterification of alginate backbone with propyleneglycol, producing propylene glycol alginate (PGA). The high syneresis of alginate gel had beensuccessfully overcome with partial hydrolysis, producing short chain alginate, introduce shortchain polyguluronate and interact alginate with other substances such as locust bean gum (LBG).Alginate hydrophilic properties could be changed into amphiphilic by long alkyl chain substitutiontowards part of the polysaccharides group. The ability of alginate to promote the growth of probioticbacteria could be done by enzymatic hydrolysis of alginate using alginate lyase producingalginate oligosaccharides (AOS). The modification of alginate had opened the big opportunity forthe uses of alginate and its derivatives, both in food and non food sectors.

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Camel Gelatin Composition, Properties, Production, and Applications

Handbook of Research on Health and Environmental Benefits of Camel Products - Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1604-1.ch014 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 306-327

Author(s):

Irwandi Jaswir ◽

Hassan Abdullah Al-Kahtani ◽

Fitri Octavianti ◽

Widya Lestari ◽

Nurlina Yusof

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

High Water ◽

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

High Water Content ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Normal Body Temperature ◽

Food Industries ◽

Reversible Gel ◽

Composition Properties ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Gelatin is an important protein produced through partial hydrolysis of collagen from animal parts and byproducts such as cartilage, bones, tendons, and hides. The ability of gelatin to form a thermo-reversible gel at normal body temperature and high water content make it an exceptional food ingredient. A good quality gelatin is translucent, brittle, colorless (sometimes slightly yellow), bland in taste, and odorless. Gelatin has been found useful as stabilizer and filler in dairy products and other food industries. Recently, the global gelatin production net over 300,000 metric tons: 46% were from pigskin, 29.4% from bovine hides, 23.1% from bones, and 1.5% from other parts. Although camels have been recognized as source of meat and milk, utilization of camel bones and skins for gelatin production has not been fully explored. This chapter will discuss the processing of camel gelatin extraction.

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Template mediated crystal engineering

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017013x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

Brigid R. Heywood ◽

S. Champ

Keyword(s):

Crystal Engineering ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Crystallographic Axis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Engineering Process ◽

Solution Interface ◽

Extensive Program ◽

Geometric Homology ◽

Long Alkyl Chain

Recent work on the crystallisation of inorganic crystals under compressed monomolecular surfactant films has shown that two dimensional templates can be used to promote the oriented nucleation of solids. When a suitable long alkyl chain surfactant is cast on the crystallisation media a monodispersied population of crystals forms exclusively at the monolayer/solution interface. Each crystal is aligned with a specific crystallographic axis perpendicular to the plane of the monolayer suggesting that nucleation is facilitated by recognition events between the nascent inorganic solid and the organic template.For example, monolayers of the long alkyl chain surfactant, stearic acid will promote the oriented nucleation of the calcium carbonate polymorph, calcite, on the (100) face, whereas compressed monolayers of n-eicosyl sulphate will induce calcite nucleation on the (001) face, (Figure 1 & 2). An extensive program of research has confirmed the general principle that molecular recognition events at the interface (including electrostatic interactions, geometric homology, stereochemical complementarity) can be used to promote the crystal engineering process.

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Partial hydrolysis of a benzonitrile

ChemSpider Synthetic Pages ◽

10.1039/sp710 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

John MacMillan

Keyword(s):

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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Organic material dissolved during oxygen-alkali pulping of hot water extracted birch sawdust

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj14.4.237 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 237-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

JONI LEHTO ◽

RAIMO ALÉN

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Cooking Time ◽

Hot Water ◽

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

Chemical Pulping ◽

Black Liquors ◽

Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Cooking Conditions

Untreated and hot water-treated birch (Betula pendula) sawdust were cooked by the oxygen-alkali method under the same cooking conditions (temperature = 170°C, liquor-to-wood ratio = 5 L/kg, and 19% sodium hydroxide charge on the ovendry sawdust). The pretreatment of feedstock clearly facilitated delignification. After a cooking time of 90 min, the kappa numbers were 47.6 for the untreated birch and 10.3 for the hot water-treated birch. Additionally, the amounts of hydroxy acids in black liquors based on the pretreated sawdust were higher (19.5-22.5g/L) than those in the untreated sawdust black liquors (14.8-15.5 g/L). In contrast, in the former case, the amounts of acetic acid were lower in the pretreated sawdust (13.3-14.8 g/L vs. 16.9-19.1 g/L) because the partial hydrolysis of the acetyl groups in xylan already took place during the hot water extraction of feedstock. The sulfur-free fractions in the pretreatment hydrolysates (mainly carbohydrates and acetic acid) and in black liquors (mainly lignin and aliphatic carboxylic acids) were considered as attractive novel byproducts of chemical pulping.

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Synthesis and modification of maleic anhydride-vinyl acetate copolymer by a long alkyl chain alcohol for cold flow impovers of biodiesel

Vietnam Journal of Science Technology and Engineering ◽

10.31276/vjste.60(3).03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Thi Thu Huong Tran ◽

Thi Tuyet Mai Phan ◽

Van Boi Luu ◽

Ngoc Lan Pham ◽

Keyword(s):

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Chain Alcohol ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Acetate Copolymer ◽

Long Alkyl Chain

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X-ray Crystallographic Study of Alkylammonium Anthracene-9-carboxylates as a Model for Fibrous Structure of Binary Anthracene Salt Gels

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc20041292 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 1292-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tahahiro Tani ◽

Kazuki Sada ◽

Masatsugu Ayabe ◽

Yuya Iwashita ◽

Takanori Kishida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkyl Chain ◽

Columnar Structure ◽

Hydrogen Bond Network ◽

One Dimensional ◽

X Ray ◽

Crystallographic Study ◽

Alkylammonium Salts ◽

Bond Network ◽

Fibrous Assemblies ◽

Long Alkyl Chain

Crystal structure of hexylammonium anthracene-9-carboxylate was investigated. The salt was arranged by a one-dimensional hydrogen bond network to form a columnar structure in the crystalline state. This columnar structure should be the model of fibrous assemblies in the organogels of anthracene-9-carboxylate alkylammonium salts having a long alkyl chain.

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