Pertussis and pertussis-like syndrome in young children

The most common infectious diseases with a risk of severe, non-smooth course and unfavorable outcome in young children, including the first year of life, are pertussis and respiratory syncytial viral infection (RSV infection), often occurring with pertussis-like syndrome.Objective: to establish clinical and laboratory differential diagnostic criteria for pertussis and RSV infection in children of the first year of life.Materials and methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted, which included patients of the first year of life (from 1 month to 11 months and 29 days), regardless of the duration of hospitalization and duration of the disease: 48 patients with pertussis and 26 with acute RSV infection.Results: The compared groups of patients were comparable in age, the number of severe forms (4.6 ± 0.5 months, 17% for pertussis and 4.0 ± 0.2 months, 16% for RS infection). The disease in both cases began subacute, however, with RSV infection 92% of children were hospitalized in the first 5 days from the onset of the disease, with pertussis — in the first week of the period of convulsive cough — 47.9%, in the second week — 41.7%, in the third week — 10.4%. 52% of patients with RSV infection had no fever or (in 32%) did not exceed 1—3 days. In 41.3% of patients it was subfebrile (37—38 °C), in 21.1% it was febrile (38—39 °C). In patients with pertussis the onset of the disease took place against the background of normal body temperature. In patients with RSV infection, bronchiolitis was recorded in 24% of cases, obstructive bronchitis — in 60%. Patients with pertussis, 89.6% of whom were not vaccinated and 10.4% did not complete the initial course of vaccination, had a typical paroxysmal cough with reprises. Complications in the form of respiratory rhythm disturbances were recorded in 14.6% of cases, pneumonia — in 6.3%. Comparison of hematological parameters revealed highly significant differences in the levels of leukocytosis and relative lymphocytosis (p < 0.001), as well as thrombocytosis (p < 0.01), with the predominance of all indicators in patients with pertussis.Conclusion. Differential diagnostic criteria for the similarity of the clinical picture may be established hematological differences: pronounced leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis, increasing in dynamics, and thrombocytosis in pertussis and normocytosis with moderate lymphocytosis, a possible tendency to thrombocytosis in severe RSV infection.

Gambaran Pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Pada Bayi Dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Literature Review

Babies with low brith weight (LBW) require special care to prevent neonatal death due to low birth weight. To identify the description of the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) care in low birth weight infants. This research method used Literature Review. Research articles from several databases, namely PubMed and Portal garuda, were identified using the keywords "Kangaroo Mother Care" AND "Low Brith Weight" AND "Practice".These articles were published in 2015-2021. Research articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed using the JBI Cross Sectional Study instrument. There are five articles analyzed in this study. The results of the study showed the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in LBW infants. The average time of KMC implementation duration 65 minutes. Most of the respondent carried out KMC in the hospital after giving birth with the correct SOP according to the hospital procedures. It can be concluded that the implementation of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) can increase body weight in LBW babies, normal body temperature, and increase breastfeeding or nutrition.Keywords: LBW Babies; Kangaroo Mother Care; Practice AbstrakBayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) memerlukan perawatan yang khusus untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian neonatal. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) adalah salah satu cara yang mudah dan efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian neonatal akibat BBLR. Untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran pelaksanaan perawatan Kangaro Mother Care (KMC) pada bayi berat badan lahir rendah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Literature Review. Artikel penelitian dari beberapa database yaitu PubMed dan Portal garuda di identifikasi dengan menggunakan kata kunci “Kangaroo Mother Care” AND “Low Brith Weight” AND “Practice” yang di batesi dari tahun 2015-2021. Artikel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi di telaah dengan menggunakan instrument JBI Cross Sectional studi. Terdapat lima artikel yang dianalis pada penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) pada bayi BBLR yaitu terdapat durasi waktu pelaksanaan KMC yaitu rata-rata 65menit, mayoritas ibu yang melaksanakan, dilakukan di Rumah Sakit setelah bayi lahir dan dengan cara SOP KMC yang benar sesuai prosedur RS masing-masing. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan berat badan pada bayi BBLR, suhu tubuh normal dan meningkatkan pemberian ASI atau nutrisi.Kata kunci: Bayi BBLR; Perawatan Metode Kanguru; Praktik

Differential Cutaneous Thermal Sensitivity in Humans: Method of Limit vs. Method of Sensation Magnitude

Introduction: The method of limits (MLI) and method of level (MLE) are commonly employed for the quantitative assessment of cutaneous thermal sensitivity. Thermal sensation and thermal comfort are closely related and thermal sensations evoked from the peripheral thermoreceptors play an important role in thermoregulatory response to maintain normal body temperature. The purpose of this study was to compare the regional distribution of cutaneous warm and cold sensitivity between MLI and the method of sensation magnitude (MSM). Method: Twenty healthy men completed MLI and MSM to compare the regional distribution of cutaneous warm and cold sensitivity in the thermal neutral condition. The subjects rested on a bed in a supine position for 20 min. Next, the cutaneous thermal sensitivity of ten body sites was assessed by the means of MLI and MSM for both warmth and cold stimuli. Results: The absolute mean heat flux in MLI and thermal sensation magnitude in MSM showed significantly greater sensitivity to cold than to warm stimulation (p < 0.01), together with a similar pattern of regional differences across ten body sites. Both sensory modalities indicated acceptable reliability (SRD%: 6.29–8.66) and excellent reproducibility (ICC: 0.826–0.906; p < 0.01). However, the Z-sore distribution in MSM was much narrower than in MLI, which may limit the test sensitivity for the detection of sensory disorders and/or comparison between individuals. Conclusion: The present results showed that both MLI and MSM are effective means for evaluating regional cutaneous thermal sensitivity to innocuous warm and cold stimulations to a strong degree of reliability and reproducibility.

The effect of analytical temperature on thromboelastography tracings in dogs

Viscoelastic testing methods such as thromboelastography (TEG) are becoming increasingly available to veterinarians in a clinical setting. TEG is useful in determining therapeutic transfusion needs and assessing global abnormalities of hemostasis of patients, given that it provides a more comprehensive assessment of coagulation than traditional tests. TEG is standardly performed at 37°C, which is considered a normal body temperature for human patients; however, 37°C is lower than normal body temperature for most canine patients. In an in vitro study, we investigated the potential effect that this difference in body temperature and test temperature might have on TEG results. Citrated blood samples were collected from clinically normal, as well as sick, dogs with various body temperatures. Samples were analyzed concurrently at the patient’s body temperature and at 37°C. There was very high correlation between TEG performed at body temperature and at 37°C for R (min) and MA (mm), high correlation for K (min) and alpha angle (deg), and moderate correlation for LY30 (%) and LY60 (%). For canine patients with normal to mildly abnormal body temperatures, performance of TEG at the standard 37°C is acceptable.

Normal mean oral temperature is 98F, not 98.2F or 98.6F

Background 98.6F is generally accepted as normal body temperature as defined by Wunderlich (1868) and later challenged by Mackowiak (1992) and Protsiv (2020) who concluded as 98.2F based on cross-sectional studies. Hence, the normal body temperature at present needs quantification? Methods A longitudinal study on the healthy population of Northen-India were followed-up over 1-year. Participants were advised for self-monitoring of oral temperature with a standard digital thermometer in either left or right sublingual pocket and record it in the thermometry diary. The study was considered complete if the participant had all the three phases of the study (i.e. non-febrile, febrile, and post-febrile phases) or completed the duration of the study. Results The mean oral temperature of the participants (n=144) during the non-febrile and post-febrile phases (temperature readings=6543) were 98F (SD, 0.61) and 98.01F (SD, 0.60) respectively (P<0.001). The mean oral temperature during post-febrile phase was found to be 0.01F higher than non-febrile phase. With the diurnal variability, the morning (AM), noon (AN), and afternoon (PM) mean temperatures were 97.91, 98.08, and 98.27F (P<0.001) respectively during the non-febrile phase. Similar trends were observed in variability among men and women, and seasons. Conclusions The mean oral temperature is 98F (SD, 0.61). The temperature is as low as 96.9F and as high as 99.1F. The temperature during post-febrile phase was found to be higher than the non-febrile phase temperature like PM over AN & AM, women over men, summer over other seasons in the non-febrile phase, spring over others in the post-febrile phase.

Temperature Controlled Loading and Release of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug Cannabidiol by Smart Microgels

CBD is a promising candidate for treatment of many diseases and plays a major role in the growing trend to produce high-end drugs from natural, renewable resources. In the present work, we demonstrate a way to incorporate the anti-inflammatory drug CBD into smart microgel particles. The copolymer microgels that we chose as carrier systems exhibit a volume phase transition temperature of 39 ∘C, which is just above normal body temperature and makes them ideal candidates for hyperthermia treatment. While a simple loading route of CBD was not successful due to the enormous hydrophobicity of CBD, an alternative route was developed by immersing the microgels in ethanol. Despite the expected loss of thermoresponsive behaviour of the microgel matrix due to the solvent exchange, a temperature-dependent release of CBD was detected by the material, creating an interesting question of interactions between CBD and the microgel particles in ethanol. Furthermore, the method developed for loading of the microgel particles with CBD in ethanol was further improved by a subsequent transfer of the loaded particles into water, which proves to be an even more promising approach due to the successful temperature-dependent release of the drug above the collapse temperature of the microgels.

Analisis Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 Tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati, dan Walikota (Studi di KPU Kota Bandar Lampung)

The Regional Head election event which is expected to be held in September has to be postponed until December of course the postponement of the schedule is not without reason, the widespread spread of the Covid-19 pandemic virus outbreak is a separate obstacle for the General Election Commission to be able to hold Regional Head Elections because Public safety is the main thing that must be considered by the General Election Commission because this virus can attack anyone and the worst impact is the death of a person, therefore the General Election Commission made a new method related to regional head elections, namely by implementing health protocols in place. voting which will be applied to all officers to people who already have voting rights under the law this mechanism will be applied to voters from normal body temperature, body temperature 37.3 degrees Celsius to voters exposed to Covid-19 In addition to a more complicated mechanism, the impact resulting from Covid-19 is a more complicated election than before and the cost of organizing it is more expensive because it has to use a health protocol tool that must be given to all officers and the public.

Osborn wave in a patient with COVID-19: a case report

The classic Osborn wave in the form of characteristic changes at the depolarization end or ventricular repolarization beginning is more often associated with hypothermia (body temperature below 35,6° C). Some researchers have noticed Osborn wave at normal body temperature, various pathological conditions and diseases: hypercalcemia, myocardial ischemia, postoperative pericarditis, with central nervous system, etc. We presented a case report of a 72-year-old female inpatient with moderate COVID-19, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, and 48% lung damage. Before admission to the hospital, electrocardiogram had no Osborn wave, which first appeared at admission. There was a significant increase in serum C-reactive protein and a moderate increase in serum biomarkers and no changes in intervals and segments on the electrocardiogram. The appearance of Osborn wave may be associated with intramyocardial electrolyte imbalance, a consequence of antiviral and antibacterial therapy that violate intraventricular conduction.

A Rabbit Model for Prolonged Continuous Intravenous Infusion Via a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter

Medical treatment may require the continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of drugs to sustain the therapeutic blood concentration and to minimize dosing errors. Animal disease models that ultimately mimic the intended use of new potential drugs via a continuous IV infusion in unrestrained, free roaming animals are required. While peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and other central line techniques for prolonged IV infusion of drugs are prevalent in the clinic, continuous IV infusion methods in an animal model are challenging and limited. In most cases, continuous IV infusion methods require surgical knowledge as well as expensive and complicated equipment. In the current work, we established a novel rabbit model for prolonged continuous IV infusion by inserting a PICC line from the marginal ear vein to the superior vena cava and connecting it to an externally carried ambulatory infusion pump. Either saline or a clinically relevant formulation could be steadily and continuously infused at 3–6 ml/h for 11 consecutive days into freely moving rabbits while maintaining normal body temperature, weight, and respiration physiology, as determined by daily spirometry. This new model is simple to execute and can advance the ability to administer and test new drug candidates.