The Stress Respond, Related To the Opioid Abstinence And Detoxification: literature review

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Robertas Badaras ◽  
Gabija Dragelytė ◽  
Indrė Vaitekonytė ◽  
Juozas Ivaškevičius ◽  
Jūratė Šipylaitė
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Naltrexone Treatment ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Opioid Detoxification

Materials and Methods. Published articles on the opioid abuse and methods of opioid detoxification were identified by searching medical databases, using corresponding literature and were also searched manually for applicable papers. The search was limited to articles published from 1985 through 2014. Results. Opioid dependence determine pathophysiologic changes in the dopaminergic pathways of the organism, as well as the alterations in the stress-responsive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The usage of opioid antagonists in the early stages of withdrawal, can lead the effectiveness of opioid detoxification to 100%. Rapid opioid detoxification do not remove all the symptoms of abstinence. Negative aspects, concerning the procedure, while using prevention, can be reduced to the minimum risk. Rapid opioid detoxification, comparing it with Ultrarapid opioid detoxification procedure, diverges as less financial resources and a lower risk containing technique. Conclusions. Use of antagonists may reduce the duration of withdrawal, thus reducing the overall severity of withdrawal and increasing the chances of successful completion. This technique facilitates commencement of naltrexone treatment. Dosing regimens used in clinical trials vary. Subsequent results do not correlate with the methods of detoxification.

scholarly journals Predictors of Dropout from Inpatient Opioid Detoxification with Buprenorphine: A Chart Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hakansson ◽  
Emma Hallén
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Against Medical Advice ◽  
Urine Toxicology ◽  
Withdrawal Treatment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Treatment Entry ◽  
Opioid Detoxification

Inpatient withdrawal treatment (detoxification) is common in opioid dependence, although dropout against medical advice often limits its outcome. This study aimed to assess baseline predictors of dropout from inpatient opioid detoxification with buprenorphine, including age, gender, current substance use, and type of postdetoxification planning. A retrospective hospital chart review was carried out for inpatient standard opioid detoxifications using buprenorphine taper, in a detoxification ward in Malmö, Sweden(N=122). Thirty-four percent of patients(n=42)dropped out against medical advice. In multivariate logistic regression, dropout was significantly associated with younger age (OR 0.93 [0.89–0.97]) and negatively predicted by inpatient postdetoxification plan (OR 0.41 [0.18–0.94]), thus favouring an inpatient plan as opposed to outpatient treatment while residing at home. Dropout was unrelated to baseline urine toxicology. In opioid detoxification, patients may benefit from a higher degree of postdetoxification planning, including transition to residential treatment, in order to increase the likelihood of a successful detoxification and treatment entry. Young opioid-dependent patients may need particular attention in the planning of detoxification.

scholarly journals Long-Acting Injectable naltrexone for the Management of patients with Opioid Dependence

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. SART.S5452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Kjome ◽  
F. Gerard Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Remission Maintenance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Naltrexone Treatment ◽  
Long Acting

Opioid dependence is a condition with serious clinical ramifications. Treatment has focused on detoxification, agonist therapy with methadone or buprenorphine, or remission maintenance with the opioid antagonist, naltrexone. Treatment with oral naltrexone has been limited by poor treatment adherence and relapse. Studies with long-acting formulations have shown increased treatment adherence. Extended-release injectable naltrexone has been used for the treatment of alcohol dependence, and has recently received an indication for treatment of opioid dependence from the US Food and Drug Administration. Dosing occurs once monthly and existing data with long-acting naltrexone supports efficacy of treatment for opioid dependence; however published data is sparse. Treatment with long-acting naltrexone should be monitored for hepatotoxicity, and patients should be made aware of increased risk of overdose with administration of opioids during and immediately after discontinuation of long-acting naltrexone.

scholarly journals Naltrexone implants after in-patient treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Kun⊘e ◽  
Philipp Lobmaier ◽  
John Kåre Vederhus ◽  
Bj⊘rg Hjerkinn ◽  
Solfrid Hegstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Opiate Dependence ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Naltrexone Treatment ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
To Receive

BackgroundNaltrexone has considerable potential in helping to prevent relapse in heroin dependency. A longer-lasting formulation for naltrexone treatment is desirable to further reduce non-adherence and relapse during treatment of opiate dependence.AimsTo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a 6-month naltrexone implant in reducing opioid use after in-patient treatment.MethodA group of 56 abstinence-oriented patients who completed in-patient treatment for opioid dependence were randomly and openly assigned to receive either a 6-month naltrexone implant or their usual aftercare. Drug use and other outcomes were assessed at 6-month follow-up.ResultsPatients receiving naltrexone had on average 45 days less heroin use and 60 days less opioid use than controls in the 180-day period (both P<0.05). Blood tests showed naltrexone levels above 1 ng/ml for the duration of 6 months. Two patients died, neither of whom had received an implant.ConclusionsNaltrexone implant treatment safely and significantly reduces opioid use in a motivated population of patients.

scholarly journals Factors affecting graduate completion of the master's thesis at the University of Cape Coast

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Stephen Baafi-Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Thesis Work ◽  
Significant Factors

This study which was a descriptive survey, was basically to find out the factors that affected the completion of the masters thesis at the University of Cape Coast (UCC), Ghana. The primary purpose of the research was to identify factors that might be hindering masters degree students from completing their theses, thereby either delaying or forgoing the successful completion of the degree. The participants in this study were "Successful Thesis Graduates" (STGs), "All-But Thesis" students (ABTs) who were enrolled between the years 1989 and 1993 and lecturers who served as thesis supervisors within the same period. The five most significant factors identified as obstacles to completion of the thesis in order ofimportance were : (1) lack ofbooks and other relevant materials; (2) lack of financial resources; (3) students' lukewarm attitude or lack of seriousness; (4) supervisors' delay in vetting work submitted by students; (5) students' work demands or combining thesis work with other jobs.

Hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110327
Author(s):  
Adam Morton
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Diabetic Pregnancy ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Acute Fatty Liver ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic pregnancy is rare, the majority of reported cases being due to insulinoma, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, malaria and inborn errors of metabolism. A case of hypoglycaemia in a woman with previous laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis insufficiency in the setting of opioid dependence is presented. The timing of low interstitial glucose levels was atypical for late dumping syndrome following bariatric surgery, and a change in the woman’s glucocorticoid replacement resulted in resolution of hypoglycaemic symptoms. The incidence of opioid dependence in pregnancy is increasing rapidly. Health professionals should be aware of the possibility of opioids causing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis insufficiency, and the additional mechanisms by which opioids may cause hypoglycaemia.

scholarly journals Targeting Behavioral Therapies to Enhance Naltrexone Treatment of Opioid Dependence

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Carroll ◽  
Samuel A. Ball ◽  
Charla Nich ◽  
Patrick G. O'Connor ◽  
Dorothy A. Eagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Naltrexone Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapies
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document