Effects of Natural Atlantic Forest Regeneration on Soil Fauna, Brazil

Soil regulates plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems and maintains the balance of biogeochemical cycles through biotransformations mediated by living organisms, which are responsible for 80 to 90% of these functions. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether restoration/natural regeneration processes in land degraded areas may allow the soil to partially or fully recover its microbial functions reflecting thus, in the fertility of these soils and consequently in the regeneration of forests. The use of microbiological attributes combined with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) offers many opportunities to understand temporal dynamics and spatial variability in the recovery of important ecosystems during forest regeneration stages.The present work aims to evaluate the evolution of microbial quality in soils under three Atlantic Forest areas at different stages of regeneration (R40 - advanced, R12 - intermediate and RP - early regeneration pasture area) located in S&#227;o Paulo state, Brazil. We used as indicators of the soil microbial quality the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of total bacteria and fungi, spore density and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We also analyzed these soils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR). For each area, seven soil samples and plant roots were randomly collected at a depth of 0-20 cm at the end of the dry season (October 2019). In terms of dry soil, the CFU bacteria for each area was, respectively, 7.7, 4.6 and 3.2 x 105 CFU g-1; fungi, 1.2, 1.0 and 0.6 x 103 g-1,&#160;and AMF spore density, 39, 33 and 27 spores 50 ml-1. On average, AMF root colonization was 26 (R40), 25 (R12) and 21% (PR). For the FTIR spectrum, the major bands and their assignments were identified as a 3.370 cm-1 wide band assigned to the O-H groupings; a peak at 1.635 cm-1 attributed to aromatic C=C vibration, with contribution of C=O of the COO- and a peak at 1.072 cm-1 attributed to the carbohydrate C-O bond. No difference was attributed to the composition of the main functional groups (O-H, C=O, COO- and C-O) between the soils from R40 and R12, but this difference was more evident when compared to the RP area.&#160; The microbiological results show good similarity between the tree areas in terms of spores, fungi and root colonization. However, in terms of bacteria, there is a more pronounced difference between the recent (RP) and the older regeneration areas (R12 and RP). Similar pattern was pointed by the FTIR&#160;results. Considering pasture as a strongly degrading area, these results are interesting since they show the differences in the soil quality between the three areas is not highly pronounced. They also show that in twelve years of regeneration, in many aspects&#8217; soils become similar to the area with forty years regeneration. Given these results, a further investigation on soil physics of these areas is being developed to relate soil regeneration processes and soil physical properties such as porosity, density and water retention capacity, all of them important to the maintenance of vegetation and ecosystem services of water and climate regulation.

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Effects of history of use on secondary forest regeneration in the Upper Parana Atlantic Forest (Misiones, Argentina)

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.023 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 258 (7) ◽

pp. 1629-1642 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Silvia Holz ◽

Guillermo Placci ◽

Rubén D. Quintana

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

History Of ◽

Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ◽

History Of Use

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DEFORESTATION IN MIXED OMBROPHILOUS FOREST IN THE SERRANA REGION OF SANTA CATARINA

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882018000200006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luiz Cláudio Araujo Schneider ◽

Morgana Tramontini da Silva ◽

Lenita Agostinetto ◽

Ana Emilia Siegloch

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Araucaria Angustifolia ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Successional Stage ◽

Covered Area ◽

History Of ◽

The Law ◽

Ombrophilous Forest ◽

Forest Biome

ABSTRACT Since the enactment of Law No. 11,428/06, an expectation was created as to whether more restricted rules on the use and conservation of the Atlantic Forest Biome would be sufficient to reduce deforestation. In the same sense, the inspection bodies stood out due to their responsibility in the application of this important legal instrument. In this context, the objectives of this study were: 1) to analyze the history of deforestation in the Planalto Serrano of the State of Santa Catarina, whose forest covered area is characterized by the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, after the validity of Law 11,428/06; 2) to verify the application of the Law in the occurrence of deforestation, and 3) to identify the reasons for deforestation. A documentary research was carried out on 543 criminal procedures instituted by the Environmental Military Police for deforestation between December 2006 and December 2015. From each criminal case the following data were extracted: date, number of occurrences per year and municipality, size, successional stage of the deforested area, motive and land use of deforested areas. The results indicated that there was an accentuated reduction of 58% in the number of deforestation between 2007 and 2015. However, the selective cutting of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze was predominant with a percentage of 62.07% of the total number of occurrences. It was also verified that 71.46% of deforestation reached the middle stage of forest regeneration. In most case (33%), the reason for deforestation was for commercial purposes. The law for the protection of the Atlantic Forest Biome, conjunctly with the inspection, contributed to reduce deforestation and the cut of araucarias. Nevertheless, advancements are still needed, especially in the recovery of deforested areas, since only 28% of deforested areas were effectively restored.

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Influence of pioneer-species combinations on restoration of disturbed ecosystems in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/s0100-67622009000500015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 927-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Erika Cortines ◽

Ricardo Valcarcel

Keyword(s):

Exotic Species ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Fragment ◽

Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽

Grassland Ecosystems ◽

Environmental Attributes ◽

Spontaneous Regeneration ◽

Disturbed Ecosystems

The analysis of species composition and its effects on sustainability restoration processes in the Atlantic Forest with poor environmental attributes is important to improve rehabilitation techniques for disturbed ecosystems. Reforestation projects were used as Biological Measures (BM) of rehabilitation, where treatments differ in the composition of exotic species, utilized as anthropic pioneers: BM1 - 82% (73% Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth, 9% Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.); BM2 - 91% (9%, 82%); and BM3 - 25% (15%, 10%). The monitoring of spontaneous regeneration was evaluated in three 12-year-old reforestation sites between thr rainy season of 2004 and 2005, and compared with an approximately 100-year-old native forest fragment and a grassland: ecosystems with inertial tendency toward recuperation and degradation, respectively. It was detected that exotic species used as anthropic pioneers strongly influenced regeneration: BM1 (75%), BM2 (85%), BM3 (55%), Forest (0%) and Grassland (50%). The highest similarity of species with forest regeneration (5%) was found for treatment BM3.

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Annual survival rate of tropical stingless bee colonies (Meliponini): variation among habitats at the landscape scale in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v68i1.5147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 5147

Author(s):

Marília Dantas e Silva ◽

Mauro Ramalho ◽

Jaqueline Figuerêdo Rosa

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Native Forest ◽

Annual Survival ◽

Social Bees

Stingless social bees live in perennial colonies whose longevity is influenced by various ecological factors. This study analyzed the influence of habitat anthropization and native forest regeneration stage on the longevity of natural colonies at the landscape scale. Random sampling of 25x25m plots, totaling 30ha per habitat type, located and monitored 118 nests of 14 species in the forest and 105 nests of six species in the anthropic habitat. Significant differences in colony longevity were observed between young and long-lived forests and between long-lived forests and anthropized habitat. Shorter longevities have generally been associated with a set of smaller-bodied species residing in anthropized habitats. The greatest longevities were associated with the three abundant and exclusive forest species, and was similar in the two forest regeneration stages: Melipona scutellaris, Scaptotrigona xanthotricha and Scaptotrigona bipunctata had high annual survival rates ranging from 87% to 93%. Another abundant species in the landscape was Tetragonisca angustula, a small habitat-generalist with short longevity (63%) that varied among habitats. Euclidean distance analysis based on this generalist placed young forest closest to anthropic habitat, and grouped the replicates of long-lived forest. Considering spatial variation in the life history traits, we infer that, among prospective landscape habitats, the Atlantic Forest favors stingless bees with high colonial longevity. On the other hand, generalists, such as T. angustula, with shorter colonial longevity and high reproduction rates are being favored by the expansion of anthropized habitats in place of deforested areas.

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Abiotic and vertebrate seed dispersal in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: implications for forest regeneration

Biological Conservation ◽

10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00243-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 165-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 140

Author(s):

Marcelo Tabarelli ◽

Carlos A Peres

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest

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APORTE DE NUTRIENTES POR FRAÇÕES DA SERAPILHEIRA EM SUCESSÃO ECOLÓGICA DE UM ECOSSISTEMA DA FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v33i3.2256 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carolina Benghi Pinto ◽

Renato Marques

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Tropical Atlantic ◽

Nutrient Input ◽

Phase Effect ◽

Local Conditions

Com a finalidade de contribuir para o entendimento da dinâmica da ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistema de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas, na Floresta Estadual do Palmito, município de Paranaguá/PR, Brasil, foi desenvolvido este trabalho. Nele foi avaliado a deposição de fitomassa e nutrientes por frações da serapilheira em três fases de desenvolvimento da floresta: inicial (18 anos), intermediária (31 anos), e avançada (56 anos), durante o período de dois anos. Os teores de alguns nutrientes na serapilheira apresentaram variações no decorrer das estações do ano, sendo mais evidente no caso do Na e K. Observou-se um aumento nos teores de N e K à medida que a sucessão avança, fato associado principalmente às características morfológicas das folhas, e também ao microclima (maior umidade) e características do solo (maior espessura dos horizontes orgânicos) da fase avançada. Contrariamente, os teores de Al e Na diminuíram com o avanço da sucessão. Com a finalidade de contribuir para o entendimento da dinâmica da ciclagem de nutrientes em ecossistema de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas, na Floresta Estadual do Palmito, município de Paranaguá/PR, Brasil, foi desenvolvido este trabalho. Nele foi avaliado a deposição de fitomassa e nutrientes por frações da serapilheira em três fases de desenvolvimento da floresta: inicial (18 anos), intermediária (31 anos), e avançada (56 anos), durante o período de dois anos. Os teores de alguns nutrientes na serapilheira apresentaram variações no decorrer das estações do ano, sendo mais evidente no caso do Na e K. Observou-se um aumento nos teores de N e K à medida que a sucessão avança, fato associado principalmente às características morfológicas das folhas, e também ao microclima (maior umidade) e características do solo (maior espessura dos horizontes orgânicos) da fase avançada. Contrariamente, os teores de Al e Na diminuíram com o avanço da sucessão. NUTRIENT INPUT FROM LITTER FRACTIONS IN A ECOLOGICAL SUCESSION OF AN ATLANTIC FOREST ECOSYSTEM Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate part of the nutrient cycling dynamics in a “Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas” (Tropical Atlantic Forest), placed in Paranaguá, PR, Brazil. Three plots were choosed, representing the different phases of the forest regeneration: initial (18-years-old), intermediary (31-years-old), and advanced (56-years-old). The contribution of the main tree species in the releasing of nutrients to the ecosystem was evaluated from the analisys of foliar and litterfall nutrient composition. The concentration of some nutrients in litterfall showed variations during the weather seasons, being more clear for Na and K. A phase effect was also observed and was represented by an increase of N and K concentrations, due specially to the morphological characteristics of leaves, and also to the local conditions – higher humidity and thicker organic soil horizon, and a decrease of Al and Na concentrations in litterfall with the developing of the forest regeneration phases.

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Reduced availability of large seeds constrains Atlantic forest regeneration

Acta Oecologica ◽

10.1016/j.actao.2011.12.002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Janaina B.P. Costa ◽

Felipe P.L. Melo ◽

Bráulio A. Santos ◽

Marcelo Tabarelli

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration

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