Effects of history of use on secondary forest regeneration in the Upper Parana Atlantic Forest (Misiones, Argentina)

ABSTRACT Since the enactment of Law No. 11,428/06, an expectation was created as to whether more restricted rules on the use and conservation of the Atlantic Forest Biome would be sufficient to reduce deforestation. In the same sense, the inspection bodies stood out due to their responsibility in the application of this important legal instrument. In this context, the objectives of this study were: 1) to analyze the history of deforestation in the Planalto Serrano of the State of Santa Catarina, whose forest covered area is characterized by the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, after the validity of Law 11,428/06; 2) to verify the application of the Law in the occurrence of deforestation, and 3) to identify the reasons for deforestation. A documentary research was carried out on 543 criminal procedures instituted by the Environmental Military Police for deforestation between December 2006 and December 2015. From each criminal case the following data were extracted: date, number of occurrences per year and municipality, size, successional stage of the deforested area, motive and land use of deforested areas. The results indicated that there was an accentuated reduction of 58% in the number of deforestation between 2007 and 2015. However, the selective cutting of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze was predominant with a percentage of 62.07% of the total number of occurrences. It was also verified that 71.46% of deforestation reached the middle stage of forest regeneration. In most case (33%), the reason for deforestation was for commercial purposes. The law for the protection of the Atlantic Forest Biome, conjunctly with the inspection, contributed to reduce deforestation and the cut of araucarias. Nevertheless, advancements are still needed, especially in the recovery of deforested areas, since only 28% of deforested areas were effectively restored.

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Continuous Micro-Environments Associated Orchid Bees Benefit from an Atlantic Forest Remnant, Paraná State, Brazil

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.3443 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Isabel Sobreiro ◽

Lucas Lopes da Silveira Peres ◽

Samuel Boff ◽

Jessica Amaral Henrique ◽

Valter Vieira Alves Junior

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Orchid Bees ◽

Orchid Bee ◽

Forest Remnant ◽

Forest Remnants ◽

Bee Communities

The fragmentation and habitat loss are the main causes of pollinators decline worldwide, however very little is known about the composition and distribution of neotropical pollinators along continuous micro-environments. To fill this gap, we carried out samplings of Euglossini bees in a continuous area of forest with micro-environments of primary (remnant) and secondary (regeneration) forest of Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the differences in the composition and uniformity of orchid bees in different micro-environments, in order to characterize the responses of the local environmental changes in the attraction of bees to chemical traps. Our results indicated that the composition and uniformity were similar between the two forest fragments studied here, although there are greater abundance of some species by micro-environments. We conclude that the characteristics of the sites in a continuous environment with primary and secondary forest do not seem to have an effect on the composition of the Euglossini fauna, and that the chemical substances are complementary in the attractiveness of the orchid bee males. Thus, our findings suggest that micro-environments in a continuous matrix near forest remnants can help to promote the reintegration of the orchid bee communities and contribute to the conservation of areas in process of forest regeneration.

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La valorisation des prestations non-bois: particularités genevoises (essai) | Commercialization of non-wood forest services: the case of Geneva (essay)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2009.0232 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (8) ◽

pp. 232-234

Author(s):

Patrik Fouvy

Keyword(s):

Forest Regeneration ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

The State ◽

Forest Land ◽

Private Forests ◽

The Public ◽

Public Body ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

History Of ◽

Near Future

The history of the forests in canton Geneva, having led to these being disconnected from productive functions, provides a symptomatic demonstration that the services provided by the forest eco-system are common goods. Having no hope of financial returns in the near future and faced with increasing social demands, the state has invested in the purchase of forest land, financed projects for forest regeneration and improvement of biological diversity and developed infrastructures for visitors. In doing this the state as a public body takes on the provision of services in the public interest. But the further funding for this and for expenses for the private forests, which must be taken into account, are not secured for the future.

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Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1711

Author(s):

Heba A. Gad ◽

Autumn Roberts ◽

Samirah H. Hamzi ◽

Haidy A. Gad ◽

Ilham Touiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Industrial Applications ◽

Literature Survey ◽

Jojoba Oil ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Wide Range ◽

Liver Functions ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use ◽

Pharmaceutical Uses ◽

Obesity And Cancer

Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. Its seeds and oil have a long history of use in folklore to treat various ailments, such as skin and scalp disorders, superficial wounds, sore throat, obesity, and cancer; for improvement of liver functions, enhancement of immunity, and promotion of hair growth. Extensive studies on Jojoba oil showed a wide range of pharmacological applications, including antioxidant, anti-acne and antipsoriasis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemia activities. In addition, Jojoba oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetics for topical, transdermal, and parenteral preparations. Jojoba oil also holds value in the industry as an anti-rodent, insecticides, lubricant, surfactant, and a source for the production of bioenergy. Jojoba oil is considered among the top-ranked oils due to its wax, which constitutes about 98% (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons). In addition, sterols and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, flavonoids, phenolic and cyanogenic compounds are also present. The present review represents an updated literature survey about the chemical composition of jojoba oil, its physical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and toxicity.

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The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3712

Author(s):

Ryan D. Rattray ◽

Ben-Erik Van Wyk

Keyword(s):

Southern Africa ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Flora Of Southern Africa ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

History Of ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

History Of Use

The Lamiaceae is undoubtedly an important plant family, having a rich history of use that spans the globe with many species being used in folk medicine and modern industries alike. Their ability to produce aromatic volatile oils has made them valuable sources of materials in the cosmetic, culinary, and pharmaceutical industries. A thorough account of the taxonomic diversity, chemistry and ethnobotany is lacking for southern African Lamiaceae, which feature some of the region’s most notable medicinal and edible plant species. We provide a comprehensive insight into the Lamiaceae flora of southern Africa, comprising 297 species in 42 genera, 105 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. We further explore the medicinal and traditional uses, where all genera with documented uses are covered for the region. A broad review of the chemistry of southern African Lamiaceae is presented, noting that only 101 species (34%) have been investigated chemically (either their volatile oils or phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites), thus presenting many and varied opportunities for further studies. The main aim of our study was therefore to present an up-to-date account of the botany, chemistry and traditional uses of the family in southern Africa, and to identify obvious knowledge gaps.

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Nanomedicine Reformulation of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010175 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

David M. Stevens ◽

Rachael M. Crist ◽

Stephan T. Stern

Keyword(s):

Safety Evaluation ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Short Term ◽

Tissue Concentrations ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use ◽

Novel Applications ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Extensive Clinical Experience ◽

Higher Doses

The chloroquine family of antimalarials has a long history of use, spanning many decades. Despite this extensive clinical experience, novel applications, including use in autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, and cancer, have only recently been identified. While short term use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is safe at traditional therapeutic doses in patients without predisposing conditions, administration of higher doses and for longer durations are associated with toxicity, including retinotoxicity. Additional liabilities of these medications include pharmacokinetic profiles that require extended dosing to achieve therapeutic tissue concentrations. To improve chloroquine therapy, researchers have turned toward nanomedicine reformulation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to increase exposure of target tissues relative to off-target tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index. This review highlights these reformulation efforts to date, identifying issues in experimental designs leading to ambiguity regarding the nanoformulation improvements and lack of thorough pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation. Gaps in our current understanding of these formulations, as well as recommendations for future formulation efforts, are presented.

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Secondary Forests and Agrarian Transitions: Insights from Nepal and Peru

Human Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10745-021-00224-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Pain ◽

Kristina Marquardt ◽

Dil Khatri

Keyword(s):

Forest Regeneration ◽

Agricultural Intensification ◽

Necessary Conditions ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Social Groups ◽

Agrarian Change ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Land Access ◽

San Martín

AbstractWe provide an analytical contrast of the dynamics of secondary forest regeneration in Nepal and Peru framed by a set of common themes: land access, boundaries, territories, and rights, seemingly more secure in Nepal than Peru; processes of agrarian change and their consequences for forest-agriculture interactions and the role of secondary forest in the landscape, more marked in Peru, where San Martín is experiencing apparent agricultural intensification, than in Nepal; and finally processes of social differentiation that have consequences for different social groups, livelihood construction and their engagement with trees, common to both countries. These themes address the broader issue of the necessary conditions for secondary forest regeneration and the extent to which the rights and livelihood benefits of those actively managing it are secured.

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Aquaculture Production of the Brown Seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Macrocystis pyrifera: Applications in Food and Pharmaceuticals

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26051306 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1306

Author(s):

Diane Purcell-Meyerink ◽

Michael A. Packer ◽

Thomas T. Wheeler ◽

Maria Hayes

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplements ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Laminaria Digitata ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Commercial Potential ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Use

Seaweeds have a long history of use as food, as flavouring agents, and find use in traditional folk medicine. Seaweed products range from food, feed, and dietary supplements to pharmaceuticals, and from bioenergy intermediates to materials. At present, 98% of the seaweed required by the seaweed industry is provided by five genera and only ten species. The two brown kelp seaweeds Laminaria digitata, a native Irish species, and Macrocystis pyrifera, a native New Zealand species, are not included in these eleven species, although they have been used as dietary supplements and as animal and fish feed. The properties associated with the polysaccharides and proteins from these two species have resulted in increased interest in them, enabling their use as functional foods. Improvements and optimisations in aquaculture methods and bioproduct extractions are essential to realise the commercial potential of these seaweeds. Recent advances in optimising these processes are outlined in this review, as well as potential future applications of L. digitata and, to a greater extent, M. pyrifera which, to date, has been predominately only wild-harvested. These include bio-refinery processing to produce ingredients for nutricosmetics, functional foods, cosmeceuticals, and bioplastics. Areas that currently limit the commercial potential of these two species are highlighted.

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Recovery of litter inhabiting beetle assemblages during forest regeneration in the Atlantic forest of Southern Brazil

Insect Conservation and Diversity ◽

10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00078.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 103-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

PHILIPP W. HOPP ◽

RICHARD OTTERMANNS ◽

EDILSON CARON ◽

STEFAN MEYER ◽

MARTINA ROß-NICKOLL

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Regeneration ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Beetle Assemblages

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New Species of Entypus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) and notes on the natural history of some Atlantic Forest spider wasps

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5061.2.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5061 (2) ◽

pp. 361-368

Author(s):

VINICIUS M. LOPEZ ◽

RENAN KOBAL DE OLIVEIRA ALVES CARDOSO ◽

RODRIGO R. CEZÁRIO ◽

RHAINER GUILLERMO-FERREIRA ◽

EDUARDO F. DOS SANTOS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Natural History ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Behavioral Aspects ◽

History Of

We describe the new species Entypus renata, sp. nov., from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and report on its host. We also provide the first host records for Ageniella (Priophanes) erythroptera (Banks), Entypus bituberculatus (Guérin-Méneville) and an undetermined species of Poecilopompilus Ashmead. In addition, we report behavioral aspects for these species, including a new ethological sequence for Poecilopompilus.

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