scholarly journals Muscle activation in pelvic anteversion and retroversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Melher Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Peduzzi de Castro ◽  
Cristiano Gomes Sanchotene ◽  
Caroline Ruschel ◽  
Gilmar Moraes Santos
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Pelvic Muscles

Abstract Introduction: The inability to maintain good pelvic stability has been attributed to inefficient muscle coordination and deconditioning of the stabilizing muscles. Despite this, little is known about the role of the pelvic muscles in anteversion and retroversion movements. Objective: To compare the neuromuscular activity of the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, upper and lower portions of the gluteus maximus, and multifidus in pelvic anteversion and retroversion. Methods: The neuromuscular activity of 17 healthy young adults (aged 25.3 ± 4.6 years) was assessed during five repetitions of the pelvic anteversion and retroversion movements. The Vicon-Nexus system (10 cameras) was used for the kinematic analysis of the pelvis in the sagittal plane (anteversion and retroversion), and the TeleMyo DTS Desk Receiver electromyograph and the Myomuscle v. 3.8 software to measure neuromuscular activity. The paired samples t-test was used to compare muscle activity between pelvic anteversion and retroversion movements using the Statistica v.8 software with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The comparison of the movements showed greater muscle activity in the inferior gluteus maximus in retroversion and greater activity in the multifidus in pelvic anteversion. The upper portion of the gluteus maximus showed relevant activation in both movements. Conclusion: There was more pronounced activity of the lower portion of the gluteus maximus in retroversion, while the upper gluteus maximus showed relevant activation level in both movements. The multifidi were more active in retroversion.

scholarly journals Muscle activation during single leg squat is affected by position of the nonstance limb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Khuu ◽  
Kari L. Loverro ◽  
Cara L. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Knee Kinetics ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
Ascent Phase

ABSTRACT Context: The single leg squat (SLS) is appropriate for targeting activation, strengthening, and/or neuromuscular retraining of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and quadriceps. However, the effect of different non-stance leg positions on muscle activity has not been fully evaluated. Objective: To compare the muscle activity of selected stance leg hip muscles during the SLS with 3 non-stance leg positions: in front, in the middle, and in back. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Seventeen healthy adults. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface EMG data of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, lateral hamstrings, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL as well as kinetic data of the hip and knee were collected while participants performed the 3 SLS tasks. Mean muscle activation levels during the descent phase and ascent phase for the selected hip muscles were compared for the 3 tasks. Hip and knee kinetics in all 3 planes were also compared for the 3 tasks. Each variable of interest was analyzed using a separate linear regression model with a generalized estimating equations correction. Results: Muscle activation levels of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris, and TFL on the stance leg during descent, and the medial hamstrings and TFL during ascent were significantly different between SLS tasks. The greatest number of differences occurred between SLS-Front and SLS-Back. During descent, gluteal muscle activity was greater in SLS-Front and SLS-Middle than in SLS-Back. For both phases, TFL activity was greater during SLS-Front than both SLS-Middle and SLS-Back. Kinetic differences at the hip and knee between SLS tasks were also observed. Conclusion: The 3 SLS tasks have different muscle activation and kinetic profiles. Clinician and researchers can vary non-stance leg position during the SLS to manipulate muscle activation levels and tailor the exercise to assist with goals at different stages of rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Is the Occurrence of the Sticking Region in Maximum Smith Machine Squats the Result of Diminishing Potentiation and Co-Contraction of the Prime Movers among Recreationally Resistance Trained Males?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Eirik Lindset Kristiansen ◽  
Stian Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Height Data

This study compared the kinetics, barbell, and joint kinematics and muscle activation patterns between a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) Smith machine squat and isometric squats performed at 10 different heights from the lowest barbell height. The aim was to investigate if force output is lowest in the sticking region, indicating that this is a poor biomechanical region. Twelve resistance trained males (age: 22 ± 5 years, mass: 83.5 ± 39 kg, height: 1.81 ± 0.20 m) were tested. A repeated two-way analysis of variance showed that Force output decreased in the sticking region for the 1-RM trial, while for the isometric trials, force output was lowest between 0–15 cm from the lowest barbell height, data that support the sticking region is a poor biomechanical region. Almost all muscles showed higher activity at 1-RM compared with isometric attempts (p < 0.05). The quadriceps activity decreased, and the gluteus maximus and shank muscle activity increased with increasing height (p ≤ 0.024). Moreover, the vastus muscles decreased only for the 1-RM trial while remaining stable at the same positions in the isometric trials (p = 0.04), indicating that potentiation occurs. Our findings suggest that a co-contraction between the hip and knee extensors, together with potentiation from the vastus muscles during ascent, creates a poor biomechanical region for force output, and thereby the sticking region among recreationally resistance trained males during 1-RM Smith machine squats.

Effect of side-sling plank exercise on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius weakness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Seung-Min Baik ◽  
Heon-Seock Cynn ◽  
Chung-Hwi Yi ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jung-Hoon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of side-sling plank (SSP) exercises on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius (Gmed) weakness is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To quantify muscle activation of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), lumbar multifidus (LM), Gmed, gluteus maximus (Gmax), and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) during SSP with three different hip rotations compared to side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects with Gmed weakness were recruited. SHA and three types of SSP exercises were performed: SSP with neutral hip (SSP-N), hip lateral rotation (SSP-L), and hip medial rotation (SSP-M). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activation of the trunk and hip muscles. RESULTS: The trunk and hip muscles activations were generally significantly higher level during three SSP than SHA. SSP-M showed significantly lower EO activation while significantly higher ES and LM activation than SSP-L. Gmed activation was significantly higher during SSP-M than during SSP-L. TFL activation was significantly lower during SSP-M than during SSP-N and SSP-L. CONCLUSIONS: SSP could be prescribed for patients who have reduced Gmed strength after injuries. Especially, SSP-M could be applied for patients who have Gmed weakness with dominant TFL.

scholarly journals Hip Muscle Activity During 3 Side-Lying Hip-Strengthening Exercises in Distance Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. McBeth ◽  
Jennifer E. Earl-Boehm ◽  
Stephen C. Cobb ◽  
Wendy E. Huddleston
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Strengthening

Context: Lower extremity overuse injuries are associated with gluteus medius (GMed) weakness. Understanding the activation of muscles about the hip during strengthening exercises is important for rehabilitation. Objective: To compare the electromyographic activity produced by the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), anterior hip flexors (AHF), and gluteus maximus (GMax) during 3 hip-strengthening exercises: hip abduction (ABD), hip abduction with external rotation (ABD-ER), and clamshell (CLAM) exercises. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty healthy runners (9 men, 11 women; age = 25.45 ± 5.80 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.07 m, mass = 64.43 ± 7.75 kg) participated. Intervention(s): A weight equal to 5% body mass was affixed to the ankle for the ABD and ABD-ER exercises, and an equivalent load was affixed for the CLAM exercise. A pressure biofeedback unit was placed beneath the trunk to provide positional feedback. Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyography (root mean square normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction) was recorded over the GMed, TFL, AHF, and GMax. Results: Three 1-way, repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated differences for muscle activity among the ABD (F3,57 = 25.903, P&lt;.001), ABD-ER (F3,57 = 10.458, P&lt;.001), and CLAM (F3,57 = 4.640, P=.006) exercises. For the ABD exercise, the GMed (70.1 ± 29.9%), TFL (54.3 ± 19.1%), and AHF (28.2 ± 21.5%) differed in muscle activity. The GMax (25.3 ± 24.6%) was less active than the GMed and TFL but was not different from the AHF. For the ABD-ER exercise, the TFL (70.9 ± 17.2%) was more active than the AHF (54.3 ± 24.8%), GMed (53.03 ± 28.4%), and GMax (31.7 ± 24.1 %). For the CLAM exercise, the AHF (54.2 ± 25.2%) was more active than the TFL (34.4 ± 20.1%) and GMed (32.6 ± 16.9%) but was not different from the GMax (34.2 ± 24.8%). Conclusions: The ABD exercise is preferred if targeted activation of the GMed is a goal. Activation of the other muscles in the ABD-ER and CLAM exercises exceeded that of GMed, which might indicate the exercises are less appropriate when the primary goal is the GMed activation and strengthening.

The Influence of Sagittal Plane Hip Position on Lower-Extremity Muscle Activity and Torque Output

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Neal R. Glaviano ◽  
David M. Bazett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Adductor Longus

Context: Hip muscle strength has previously been evaluated in various sagittal plane testing positions. Altering the testing position appears to have an influence on hip muscle torque during hip extension, abduction, and external rotation. However, it is unknown how altering the testing position influences hip muscle activity during these commonly performed assessments. Objectives: To evaluate how hip sagittal plane position influences hip muscle activation and torque output. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 22 healthy females (age = 22.1 [1.4] y; mass = 63.4 [11.3] kg; height = 168.4 [6.2] cm) were recruited. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed isometric contractions with surface electromyography on the superior and inferior gluteus maximus; anterior, middle, and posterior gluteus medius; biceps femoris, semitendinosus, adductor longus, and tensor fascia latae. Extension and external rotation were tested in 0°, 45°, and 90° of hip flexion and abduction was tested in −5°, 0°, and 45° of hip flexion. Repeated-measures analysis of variances were used for statistical analysis (P ≤ .01). Results: Activation of gluteal (P < .007), semitendinosus (P = .002), and adductor longus (P = .001) muscles were lesser for extension at 90° versus less flexed positions. Adductor longus activity was greatest during 90° of hip flexion for external rotation torque testing (P < .001). Tensor fascia latae (P < .001) and gluteus maximus (P < .001) activities were greater in 45° of hip flexion. Significant differences in extension (P < .001) and abduction (P < .001) torque were found among positions. Conclusions: Position when assessing hip extension and abduction torque has an influence on both muscle activity and torque output but only muscle activity for hip external rotation torque. Clinicians should be aware of the influence of position on hip extension, abduction, and external rotation muscle testing and select a position most in line with their clinical goals.

Differences in Gluteal and Quadriceps Muscle Activation Among Adults With and Without Lumbar Hyperlordosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Izadi Farhadi ◽  
Foad Seidi ◽  
Hooman Minoonejad ◽  
Abbey C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Lumbar Hyperlordosis ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
The Moment

Context: Many factors have been reported contributing to altering the neuromuscular function of hip and knee muscles. The lumbar hyperlordosis, as a poor posture in some athletes, is thought to be associated with the alteration of the hip and knee muscles activity. Objective: To examine the activation of selected hip and knee muscles in athletes with and without lumbar hyperlordosis during functional activities. Design: Case-control study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six college male athletes (n = 13 with and n = 13 without lumbar hyperlordosis). Interventions: Surface electromyography of gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) were recorded during single-leg squat and single-leg jump landing (SLJL) tasks. Main Outcome Measure: Preactivity; reactivity; and onset muscle during SLJL and eccentric activity during single-leg squat (GMAX, GMED, VMO, and VL along with the ratio of VMO:VL) were assessed. Results: Athletes with lumbar hyperlordosis had a higher level of activity in their GMAX (P = .003), VMO (P = .04), and VL (P = .01) muscles at the moment before foot contact during SLJL. These athletes also demonstrated a higher level of GMAX activity (P = .01) immediately after foot contact. Finally, athletes with lumbar hyperlordosis activated their GMAX sooner (P = .02) during the SLJL. Athletes with normal lumbar lordosis had more activity in their GMED muscle (P = .001) in the descending phase of the single-leg squat task and a higher VMO:VL (P = .01) at the moment after the foot contact during the SLJL. Conclusion: The altered activation of GMAX, GMED, VMO, VL, and VMO:VL can reveal the role of lumbar hyperlordosis in the knee and hip muscles’ alteration in athletes. Further study is needed to identify whether these alterations in the hip and knee muscles contribute to injury in athletes.

scholarly journals Hip-Muscle Activity in Men and Women During Resisted Side Stepping With Different Band Positions

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1071-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara L. Lewis ◽  
Hanna D. Foley ◽  
Theresa S. Lee ◽  
Justin W. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Few Data

ContextWeakness or decreased activation of the hip abductors and external rotators has been associated with lower extremity injury, especially in females. Resisted side stepping is commonly used to address hip weakness. Whereas multiple variations of this exercise are used clinically, few data exist regarding which variations to select.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in muscle-activation and movement patterns and determine kinematic and limb-specific differences between men and women during resisted side stepping with 3 resistive-band positions.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 22 healthy adults (11 men, 11 women; age = 22.8 ± 3.0 years, height = 171.6 ± 10.7 cm, mass = 68.5 ± 11.8 kg).Intervention(s)Participants side stepped with the resistive band at 3 locations (knees, ankles, feet).Main Outcome Measure(s)We collected surface electromyography of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia lata (TFL) for the moving and stance limbs during the concentric and eccentric phases. We also measured trunk inclination, hip and knee flexion, and hip-abduction excursion.ResultsHip-abductor activity was higher in women than in men (P ≤ .04). The pattern of TFL activity in the stance limb differed by sex. Women performed the exercise in greater forward trunk inclination (P = .009) and had greater hip excursion (P = .003). Gluteus maximus and medius activity increased when the band was moved from the knees to the ankles and from the ankles to the feet, whereas TFL activity increased only when the band was moved from the knees to the ankles. Findings were similar for both the stance and moving limbs, but the magnitudes of the changes differed.ConclusionsCompared with placing the band around the ankles, placing the band around the feet for resisted side stepping elicited more activity in the gluteal muscles without increasing TFL activity. This band placement is most appropriate when the therapeutic goal is to activate the muscles that resist hip adduction and internal rotation.

Torso and Hip Muscle Activity and Resulting Spine Load and Stability while Using the ProFitter 3-D Cross Trainer

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Banerjee ◽  
Stephen H.M Brown ◽  
Samuel J. Howarth ◽  
Stuart M. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Spine Mechanics

The ProFitter 3-D Cross Trainer is a labile surface device used in the clinic and claimed to train spine stability. The purpose of this study was to quantify the spine mechanics (compression and shear forces and stability), together with muscle activation mechanics (surface electromyography) of the torso and hip, during three ProFitter exercises. Trunk muscle activity was relatively low while exercising on the device (<25%MVC). Gluteus medius activity was phasic with the horizontal sliding position, especially for an experienced participant. Sufficient spinal stability was achieved in all three exercise conditions. Peak spinal compression values were below 3400 N (maximum 3188 N) and peak shear values were correspondingly low (under 500 N). The exercises challenge whole-body dynamic balance while producing very conservative spine loads. The motion simultaneously integrates hip and torso muscles in a way that appears to ensure stabilizing motor patterns in the spine. This information will assist with clinical decision making about the utility of the device and exercise technique in rehabilitation and training programs.

scholarly journals Estimating muscle activation from EMG using deep learning-based dynamical systems models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahiru N. Wimalasena ◽  
Jonas F. Braun ◽  
Mohammad Reza Keshtkaran ◽  
David Hofmann ◽  
Juan Álvaro Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Bayesian Filtering ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Low Pass

AbstractObjectiveTo study the neural control of movement, it is often necessary to estimate how muscles are activated across a variety of behavioral conditions. However, estimating the latent command signal that underlies muscle activation is challenging due to its complex relation with recorded electromyographic (EMG) signals. Common approaches estimate muscle activation independently for each channel or require manual tuning of model hyperparameters to optimally preserve behaviorally-relevant features.ApproachHere, we adapted AutoLFADS, a large-scale, unsupervised deep learning approach originally designed to de-noise cortical spiking data, to estimate muscle activation from multi-muscle EMG signals. AutoLFADS uses recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to model the spatial and temporal regularities that underlie multi-muscle activation.Main ResultsWe first tested AutoLFADS on muscle activity from the rat hindlimb during locomotion, and found that it dynamically adjusts its frequency response characteristics across different phases of behavior. The model produced single-trial estimates of muscle activation that improved prediction of joint kinematics as compared to low-pass or Bayesian filtering. We also tested the generality of the approach by applying AutoLFADS to monkey forearm muscle activity from an isometric task. AutoLFADS uncovered previously uncharacterized high-frequency oscillations in the EMG that enhanced the correlation with measured force compared to low-pass or Bayesian filtering. The AutoLFADS-inferred estimates of muscle activation were also more closely correlated with simultaneously-recorded motor cortical activity than other tested approaches.SignificanceUltimately, this method leverages both dynamical systems modeling and artificial neural networks to provide estimates of muscle activation for multiple muscles that can be used for further studies of multi-muscle coordination and its control by upstream brain areas.

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