Basic morphometric parameters of the biostatic donkey body model

The domestic donkey (Equus asinus) has a very specific body construction. It is built in such a way that the mutual relationship of individual body regions enables great work endurance. The fact that this breed of domestic animal originates from wild ancestors, originated and developed in Africa, clearly shows that the breed developed in harsh climatic and ecological conditions that conditioned the appropriate biological response. The biostatic model causes the biodynamic effect, i.e., the production of biokinetic energy. Movement forwards occurs as a consequence of the creation of biokinetic energy and its transfer from the back part of the body, where it originates, to the front part of the body. The most efficient transfer of biokinetic energy is enabled by the existence of an appropriate biostatic model, i.e., body structure, and this leads to a biodynamic effect that is defined as a movement. For the process of movement, the muscles must be well developed. Two muscle groups are distinguished; a) pelvic muscles, b) external hip and croup joint muscles. The basic lever for the transfer of biokinetic energy is the femur. The generated energy is transferred from the hip joint to the thigh muscles, which shortening leads to the movement of the hind leg forward, its leaning against the ground and pushing the whole body forward. The generated biokinetic energy cause the bio kinematic effect, which is characterized as a movement.

Foreflipper and hindflipper muscle reconstructions of Cryptoclidus eurymerus in comparison to functional analogues: introduction of a myological mechanism for flipper twisting

Background Plesiosaurs, diapsid crown-group Sauropterygia, inhabited the oceans from the Late Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. Their most exceptional characteristic are four hydrofoil-like flippers. The question whether plesiosaurs employed their four flippers in underwater flight, rowing flight, or rowing has not been settled yet. Plesiosaur locomotory muscles have been reconstructed in the past, but neither the pelvic muscles nor the distal fore- and hindflipper musculature have been reconstructed entirely. Methods All plesiosaur locomotory muscles were reconstructed in order to find out whether it is possible to identify muscles that are necessary for underwater flight including those that enable flipper rotation and twisting. Flipper twisting has been proven by hydrodynamic studies to be necessary for efficient underwater flight. So, Cryptoclidus eurymerus fore- and hindflipper muscles and ligaments were reconstructed using the extant phylogenetic bracket (Testudines, Crocodylia, and Lepidosauria) and correlated with osteological features and checked for their functionality. Muscle functions were geometrically derived in relation to the glenoid and acetabulum position. Additionally, myology of functionally analogous Chelonioidea, Spheniscidae, Otariinae, and Cetacea is used to extract general myological adaptations of secondary aquatic tetrapods to inform the phylogenetically inferred muscle reconstructions. Results A total of 52 plesiosaur fore- and hindflipper muscles were reconstructed. Amongst these are flipper depressors, elevators, retractors, protractors, and rotators. These muscles enable a fore- and hindflipper downstroke and upstroke, the two sequences that represent an underwater flight flipper beat cycle. Additionally, other muscles were capable of twisting fore- and hindflippers along their length axis during down- and upstroke accordingly. A combination of these muscles that actively aid in flipper twisting and intermetacarpal/intermetatarsal and metacarpodigital/metatarsodigital ligament systems, that passively engage the successive digits, could have accomplished fore-and hindflipper length axis twisting in plesiosaurs that is essential for underwater flight. Furthermore, five muscles that could possibly actively adjust the flipper profiles for efficient underwater flight were found, too.

Designing a Personalised Mobile Application to Improve Engagement With PFMT Therapy Amongst Women From Pregnancy To One Year After Delivery

<p>Women who are pregnant, or have given birth are at high risk of developing Pelvic Floor Disorder (PFD) due to the physical stress placed on the pelvic muscles during this time. When left untreated, PFD can cause symptoms such as incontinence, organ prolapse and pelvic pain in sufferers. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a highly effective means of treating and preventing symptoms of PFD. However, adherence rates to PFMT remain low. Amongst the biggest barriers to adherence are incorrect technique, lack of knowledge, memory, time, low motivation and stigma. As with the physical symptoms of PFD, these barriers impact sufferers in ways unique to each individual. Findings from the existing literature suggest that personalising the intervention to accommodate these varying factors may improve adherence. This study focuses on the development of a personalised mobile application to improve engagement with PFMT amongst women from pregnancy, up to one year after delivery. The goal of the application is to improve engagement with PFMT through addressing key barriers to adherence, and guiding correct performance of PFMT. An initial design criteria and five user personas were developed. The criteria and personas were used to develop prototypes, which were then user tested. The designs were then refined based on user feedback. Designs were also informed by feedback from interviews with clinicians and women. The results of this study indicate that a mobile application is an ineffective means of guiding PFMT technique. However the application proved effective in addressing the barrier of memory through the use of context based triggers. The integration of the Hooked model in the application design had a low to moderate effect on improving engagement with PFMT. Opportunities for a personalised design approach in the areas of instruction, facilitation of exercises and preferences for application features were identified.</p>

Designing a Personalised Mobile Application to Improve Engagement With PFMT Therapy Amongst Women From Pregnancy To One Year After Delivery

<p>Women who are pregnant, or have given birth are at high risk of developing Pelvic Floor Disorder (PFD) due to the physical stress placed on the pelvic muscles during this time. When left untreated, PFD can cause symptoms such as incontinence, organ prolapse and pelvic pain in sufferers. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a highly effective means of treating and preventing symptoms of PFD. However, adherence rates to PFMT remain low. Amongst the biggest barriers to adherence are incorrect technique, lack of knowledge, memory, time, low motivation and stigma. As with the physical symptoms of PFD, these barriers impact sufferers in ways unique to each individual. Findings from the existing literature suggest that personalising the intervention to accommodate these varying factors may improve adherence. This study focuses on the development of a personalised mobile application to improve engagement with PFMT amongst women from pregnancy, up to one year after delivery. The goal of the application is to improve engagement with PFMT through addressing key barriers to adherence, and guiding correct performance of PFMT. An initial design criteria and five user personas were developed. The criteria and personas were used to develop prototypes, which were then user tested. The designs were then refined based on user feedback. Designs were also informed by feedback from interviews with clinicians and women. The results of this study indicate that a mobile application is an ineffective means of guiding PFMT technique. However the application proved effective in addressing the barrier of memory through the use of context based triggers. The integration of the Hooked model in the application design had a low to moderate effect on improving engagement with PFMT. Opportunities for a personalised design approach in the areas of instruction, facilitation of exercises and preferences for application features were identified.</p>

The Effect of Pregnancy Exercises on the Sleep Quality of Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester of Ulaweng Health Center Work Area, Bone Regency

Sleep disorder is one of the most common complaints experienced by pregnant women in the third trimester, sleep disorders have an impact on the condition of pregnant women and fetuses which cause a decrease in immunity that improves the risks of some diseases that will endanger the condition of the fetus and the risk of premature delivery and Caesar surgery. Pregnancy exercise is one of the basic needs in sport that is recommended during pregnancy. Pregnancy exercise is expected to reduce complications that occur during pregnancy, because it has the benefit in training breathing and strengthening the pelvic muscles. This study aims at determining the effect of pregnancy exercise on improving the sleep quality of pregnant women in the third trimester. This type of research is a pre-experimental one group pretest and posttest with a research design using a quantitative approach. Based on the results of statistical tests through the Wilcoxon signed ranks test that the exact sig value. (2-tailed) and asymp. sig. (2-tailed) or p = 0.03 <0.05 so it can be concluded that pregnancy exercise affects the sleep quality of pregnant women in the third trimester. It is recommended to health workers, especially midwives, to conduct more intensive counseling, especially counseling about the benefits of doing pregnancy exercises, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy to provide a sense of comfort to pregnant women and to prevent complications in pregnancy to reduce the cases of maternal and infant mortality rates during pregnancy at Bone District. Keywords: [Pregnant Women, Pregnancy Exercises, Sleep Quality]

Rehabilitation of hypotonus pelvic floor muscles with a telerehab approach- Case report

Pelvic floor muscle is a group of muscles which acts as a Sling to Support, Assist and Aid the functions of Bladder, Bowel and Sexual activities. Hypotonus Pelvic floor muscle Dysfunction is a common condition suffered by Postmenopausal women where the strength of the Pelvic muscles reduces. Mostly reported is the incidence of Urinary incontinence and Pelvic organ prolapse. There are Various Proven Exercises, Equipments and Interventions which can be administered for the Hypotonus rehabilitation however due to the Covid- 19 Pandemic lockdown and with Social distancing there was a dearth felt by the Pelvic floor therapist for the rehabilitation of the Pelvic floor concern. This case report discusses the Telerehab approach and Progression Intervention for the Hypotonic Pelvic floor rehabilitation by Improving the Strength and the Quality of life of the women during such times when reaching the Pelvic floor therapist is difficult.

Efficacy of combination of biofeedback therapy and pelvic floor muscle training in dyssynergic defecation

Background: It is now known that with appropriate exercises, the functions of the muscles in the body ameliorate and increase in strength. We applied pelvic floor muscle relaxation training and exercises that strengthen the abdominal and pelvic muscles in combination with biofeedback therapy (BFT) to patients with dyssynergic defecation (DD). Methods: Patients who met the criteria for DD and had no underlying organic cause were included in this study. The electromyography (EMG) technique was used for BFT therapy. Patients had received at least six sessions of BFT. BFT was considered successful in patients when the DD pattern in anorectal manometry (ARM) disappeared and/or adequate anal relaxation was obtained following BFT and in patients who had full clinical recovery. Results: Data of 104 patients (58 females [55.8%] and 46 males [44.2%]) was evaluated. Abdominal and rectal symptoms disappeared in 71 (68.26%) patients. Of the patients who achieved symptomatic improvement, 58 (55.76%) saw a disappearance of the dyssynergic defecation pattern. When the differences between anal sphincter pressures before and after treatment were compared in patients who responded to BFT and those who did not, no significant differences were observed, but significant changes were found in anal squeezing pressures. It was found that those who had high squeezing pressures before BFT, those who increased their squeezing pressures after BFT, and those who decreased their resting pressure responded better to BFT. Conclusions: In this study, BFT was found to be more effective in those with a high squeezing pressure and those that increased squeezing pressure after BFT. These findings will influence the treatment of patients with dyssynergic defecation who do not respond to treatment. A combination of abdominal and pelvic floor muscle exercises and BFT increases patient response.

Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Eliminasi Pada Inkontinensia Urine Dengan Kegel Exercise Di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Binjai

ABSTRACT: FULFILLMENT OF URINE INCONTINENCE NEEDS FOR ELIMINATION WITH KEGEL EXERCISE AT BINJAI ELDERLY SOCIAL SERVICE UPT Background: Urinary incontinence means the spontaneous expulsion of urine at any time against the will (involuntary). Elderly is the process of slowly losing the ability of tissues to repair themselves/replace and maintain their normal function.Purpose: Kegel exercises are exercises to strengthen the pelvic muscles or exercises that aim to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, especially the pubococcygeal muscles so that a woman can strengthen the urinary tract muscles.Methods: This research method is descriptive with a nursing process approach. The subject of the study was conducted on 2 patients with the same case, namely in patients who experienced urinary incontinence.Results: The results of the urinary incontinence assessment were associated with decreased bladder and detrusor muscle tone. The nursing interventions and implementation are monitoring the pattern and ability to urinate, identifying the causes of urinary incontinence, explaining the definition, types, and causes of urinary incontinence, recommending limiting fluid consumption 2-3 hours before bedtime, encouraging clients to do Kegel exercises and collaborating with medical and physiotherapists to overcome urinary incontinence. Kegel exercises were carried out in stages to the patient 2 days a day, morning and evening.Conclusion: The evaluation was carried out for 3 days and the results were that the patient was able to urinate and was controlled. The research is expected that the elderly UPT Binjai will improve more skills and always coordinate with other health teams in providing nursing care in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). Keywords: Elimination Needs, Urinary Incontinence, Kegel Exercises INTISARI: PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN ELIMINASI PADA INKONTINENSIA URINEDENGAN KEGEL EXERCISE DI UPT PELAYANAN SOSIAL LANJUT USIA BINJAI Latar Belakang: Inkontinensia urin berarti pengeluaran urin secara spontan pada sembarang waktu diluar kehendak (involunter). Lansia adalah proses hilangnya secara perlahan-lahan kemampuan jaringan untuk memperbaiki diri/mengganti dan mempertahankan fungsi normalnya.Tujuan: Senam kegel adalah senam untuk menguatkan otot panggul atau senam yang bertujuan untuk memperkuat otot-otot dasar panggul terutama otot pubococcygeal sehingga seorang wanita dapat memperkuat otot-otot saluran kemih.Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses Keperawatan. Subjek penelitian dilakukan pada 2 orang pasien dengan kasu yang sama yaitu pada pasien yang mengalami inkontinensia urin.Hasil: Hasil pengkajian inkontinensia urin berhubungan dengan penurunan tonus kandung kemih dan otot detrusor. Intervensi dan implementasi keperawatanya itu memonitor pola dan kemampuan berkemih, mengidentifikasi penyebab inkontinensia urine, menjelaskan definisi, jenis dan penyebab inkontinensia urine, menganjurkan membatasi konsumsi cairan 2-3 jam menjelang tidur, menganjurkan klien untuk senam kegel dan melakukan kolaborasi dengan medis dan fisioterapi untuk mengatasi inkontinensia urine. Senam kegel dilakukan secara bertahap kepada pasien 2 hari sehari pagi dan sore hari.Kesimpulan: Evaluasi dilakukan selama 3 hari dan didapatkan hasil yaitu pasien dapat berkemih dan dikontrol. Penelitian diharapkan UPT lanjut usia Binjai meningkatkan keterampilan yang lebih dan selalu berkoordinasi dengan tim kesehatan lainnya dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan sesuai dengan Standart Operasional Prosedur (SOP). Kata Kunci: Kebutuhan Eliminasi, InkontinensiaUrin, Senam Kegel