Study of the positivity of spontaneous and directed diagnosis of leukoaraiosis in the elderly by cranial computerized tomography, and its correlation with cognitive defi cit and cardiovascular risk factors

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of leukoaraiosis (LA) and its correlation with vascular risk factors and the cognitive performance of elderly patients. METHOD: 78 patients were randomly selected and submitted to clinic-laboratorial evaluation for vascular risk factors. Two cognitive tests were performed. All patients were submitted to cranial computerized tomography (CT), which was analyzed in two situations: the spontaneous and the directed way. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of spontaneous and the directed diagnoses of LA (20.5 and 18%, respectively). The presence of LA was not significantly correlated with cognitive impairment. Only age was positively associated with LA. CONCLUSION: Cranial CT is a trustworthy method for the diagnosis of LA. Only age showed a positive association. No clinical implications were found, concerning the cognitive performance of the patients.

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Abstract P614: Effect Sizes of Vascular Risk Factors for Stroke Occurrence by Age Among West Africans

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mayowa Owolabi ◽

FRED S SARFO ◽

Onoja Akpa ◽

Joshua Akinyemi ◽

Albert Akpalu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Middle Age ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Age Group ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Elderly Age

Background: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke occurrence due its influence on vascular risk factor acquisition. In sub-Saharan Africa, the effect sizes of vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence by age is unknown. Objective: To quantify the magnitude and direction of the effect sizes of key modifiable risk factors of stroke according to three age groups: <50years(young), 50-65 years(middle age) and >65 years(elderly) in West Africa. Methods: The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Cases include adults aged ≥18 years with evidence of an acute stroke. Controls were age-and-gender matched stroke-free adults. Detailed evaluations for vascular, lifestyle, stroke severity and outcomes were performed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of vascular risk factors of stroke. Results: Among 3,553 stroke cases, 813(22.9%) were young, 1441(40.6%) were middle-aged and 1299(36.6%) were elderly. Five modifiable risk factors were consistently associated with stroke occurrence regardless of age namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, regular meat consumption and non-consumption of green vegetables. Among the 5 co-shared risk factors, the effect size, aOR(95%CI) of dyslipidemia, 4.13(2.64-6.46), was highest among the young age group, hypertension, 28.93(15.10-55.44) and non-consumption of vegetables 2.34(1.70-3.23) was highest among the middle-age group while diabetes, aOR of 3.50(2.48-4.95) and meat consumption, 2.40(1.76-3.26) were highest among the elderly age group. Additionally, among the young age group cigarette smoking and cardiac disease were associated with stroke. Furthermore, physical inactivity and salt intake were associated with stroke in the middle-age group while cardiac disease was associated with stroke in the elderly age group. Conclusions: Age has a profound influence on the profile, magnitude and direction of effect sizes of vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence among West Africans. Population-level prevention of stroke must target both co-shared dominant risk factors as well as factors that are unique to specific age bands in Africa.

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Differing Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Very Elderly Men Expresses Dynamics in Atherosclerotic Load in the Senescence

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2012/417291 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Siennicki-Lantz ◽

Sölve Elmståhl

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Pressure Development

To assess an impact of vascular risk factors on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) in the elderly, we followed up a population-based cohort of men from 68 until 82 years, when 104 survivors underwent ABPM.Results. At age 68, hypertension and high clinic blood pressure (CBP) did not predict ABPM level. Smoking and low ankle-brachial index (ABI) predicted higher ABPM variability and pulse pressure (PP), but not absolute ABPM values. At age 82, hypertension, high or increasing CBP, strongly positively correlated with all variables of ABPM. Carotid stenosis, low or declining ABI during followup, correlated with higher nocturnal ABPM and PP.Concluding. Hypertension and vascular risk factors in a cohort of 68-year-old men do not result in higher ABPM at age 82, possibly due to inflection point in their pressure development. Higher ABPM reflects instead an increasing CBP and aggravating atherosclerosis during the preceding decade in that part of the cohort with previously favorable risk factor status.

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Abstract WP116: Patterns of Vascular Calcification in Young Patients With Intracranial Stenosis

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wp116 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Tamara Strohm ◽

Irene Katzan ◽

Ken Uchino

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Calcification ◽

Young Patients ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Intracranial Stenosis ◽

Intracranial Calcification ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Determine Mechanism

Introduction: Intravascular calcification is thought to be a marker of atherosclerosis in patients with stenosis and vascular risk factors. Little is known about the utility of quantifying intracranial calcification to help determine mechanism of stenosis. The objective of our study was to compare presence and patterns of intracranial calcification in patients with intracranial stenosis due to atherosclerosis and other etiologies. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 89 patients < 50 years with diagnosis of intracranial stenosis who had undergone CT angiogram from 2008-2013; 44 had presumed atherosclerosis as etiology ( > 3 vascular risk factors with no other identified cause). CTAs were reviewed for presence and location of intracranial calcification. Results: Of patients with atherosclerotic stenosis, 28 (64%) had intravascular calcification compared to 16 (36%) of those with stenosis of other etiologies (P=0.0039). There was no significant difference in pattern or location of stenosis between groups. One-third had calcification outside the region of stenosis in both groups. Distal internal carotid artery and distal vertebral artery were the most common sites of intracranial calcification (Table). Conclusion: Intracranial calcification is more commonly seen in patients < 50 years old with stenosis secondary to atherosclerosis, but the pattern and location was similar between groups. More research is needed to determine the utility of using the presence of vascular calcification to help determine mechanism of intracranial stenosis in the young.

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P2-115: Influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive performance in community-dwelling African Americans

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1189 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. T405-T405

Author(s):

Christine M. Khosropour ◽

N. Maritza Dowling ◽

Whitney Wharton ◽

Dorothy F. Edwards ◽

Cynthia M. Carlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African Americans ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Vascular Risk

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Association between cerebral small vessel diseases and mild parkinsonian signs in the elderly with vascular risk factors

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jun Hatate ◽

Kaori Miwa ◽

Mari Matsumoto ◽

Tsutomu Sasaki ◽

Yoshiki Yagita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Small Vessel ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases

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Leuko-Araiosis, Vascular Risk Factors, and Cognitive Function in the Elderly

Ewha Medical Journal ◽

10.12771/emj.1999.22.4.253 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 253

Author(s):

Yong-Jae Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

The Elderly ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Localization of white-matter lesions and effect of vascular risk factors in late-onset major depression

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291709991656 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1389-1399 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

R. B. Dalby ◽

M. M. Chakravarty ◽

J. Ahdidan ◽

L. Sørensen ◽

J. Frandsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

White Matter ◽

Major Depression ◽

Late Onset ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Lesion Load ◽

Significant Difference

BackgroundSeveral studies suggest that patients with late-onset major depression (MD) have an increased load of cerebral white-matter lesions (WMLs) compared with age-matched controls. Vascular risk factors such as hypertension and smoking may confound such findings. Our aim was to investigate the association between the localization and load of WMLs in late-onset MD with respect to vascular risk factors.MethodWe examined 22 consecutive patients with late-onset first-episode MD and 22 age- and gender-matched controls using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The localization, number and volume of WMLs were compared between patients and controls, while testing the effect of vascular risk factors.ResultsAmong subjects with one or more WMLs, patients displayed a significantly higher WML density in two white-matter tracts: the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the right frontal projections of the corpus callosum. These tracts are part of circuitries essential for cognitive and emotional functions. Analyses revealed no significant difference in the total number and volume of WMLs between groups. Patients and controls showed no difference in vascular risk factors, except for smoking. Lesion load was highly correlated with smoking.ConclusionsOur results indicate that lesion localization rather than lesion load differs between patients with late-onset MD and controls. Increased lesion density in regions associated with cognitive and emotional functions may be crucial in late-onset MD, and vascular risk factors such as smoking may play an important role in the pathophysiology of late-onset MD, consistent with the vascular depression hypothesis.

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