Leuko-Araiosis, Vascular Risk Factors, and Cognitive Function in the Elderly

Background: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke occurrence due its influence on vascular risk factor acquisition. In sub-Saharan Africa, the effect sizes of vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence by age is unknown. Objective: To quantify the magnitude and direction of the effect sizes of key modifiable risk factors of stroke according to three age groups: <50years(young), 50-65 years(middle age) and >65 years(elderly) in West Africa. Methods: The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Cases include adults aged ≥18 years with evidence of an acute stroke. Controls were age-and-gender matched stroke-free adults. Detailed evaluations for vascular, lifestyle, stroke severity and outcomes were performed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of vascular risk factors of stroke. Results: Among 3,553 stroke cases, 813(22.9%) were young, 1441(40.6%) were middle-aged and 1299(36.6%) were elderly. Five modifiable risk factors were consistently associated with stroke occurrence regardless of age namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, regular meat consumption and non-consumption of green vegetables. Among the 5 co-shared risk factors, the effect size, aOR(95%CI) of dyslipidemia, 4.13(2.64-6.46), was highest among the young age group, hypertension, 28.93(15.10-55.44) and non-consumption of vegetables 2.34(1.70-3.23) was highest among the middle-age group while diabetes, aOR of 3.50(2.48-4.95) and meat consumption, 2.40(1.76-3.26) were highest among the elderly age group. Additionally, among the young age group cigarette smoking and cardiac disease were associated with stroke. Furthermore, physical inactivity and salt intake were associated with stroke in the middle-age group while cardiac disease was associated with stroke in the elderly age group. Conclusions: Age has a profound influence on the profile, magnitude and direction of effect sizes of vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence among West Africans. Population-level prevention of stroke must target both co-shared dominant risk factors as well as factors that are unique to specific age bands in Africa.

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Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Function

Brain and Heart Dynamics ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-28008-6_62 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 953-972

Author(s):

Enrico Mossello ◽

Niccolò Marchionni

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk

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Differing Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Very Elderly Men Expresses Dynamics in Atherosclerotic Load in the Senescence

International Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1155/2012/417291 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Siennicki-Lantz ◽

Sölve Elmståhl

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

The Elderly ◽

Population Based ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Pressure Development

To assess an impact of vascular risk factors on ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) in the elderly, we followed up a population-based cohort of men from 68 until 82 years, when 104 survivors underwent ABPM.Results. At age 68, hypertension and high clinic blood pressure (CBP) did not predict ABPM level. Smoking and low ankle-brachial index (ABI) predicted higher ABPM variability and pulse pressure (PP), but not absolute ABPM values. At age 82, hypertension, high or increasing CBP, strongly positively correlated with all variables of ABPM. Carotid stenosis, low or declining ABI during followup, correlated with higher nocturnal ABPM and PP.Concluding. Hypertension and vascular risk factors in a cohort of 68-year-old men do not result in higher ABPM at age 82, possibly due to inflection point in their pressure development. Higher ABPM reflects instead an increasing CBP and aggravating atherosclerosis during the preceding decade in that part of the cohort with previously favorable risk factor status.

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P3-555: AN ONLINE ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF VASCULAR RISK FACTORS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN HEALTHY ADULTS AGED 50 AND ABOVE

Alzheimer s & Dementia ◽

10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3592 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. P1187-P1187

Author(s):

Latha Velayudhan ◽

Aghaji Ugochukwu ◽

Keith Wesnes ◽

Helen Brooker ◽

Anne Corbett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Online Assessment ◽

Vascular Risk

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Cognitive Function and Vascular Risk Factors Among Older African American Adults

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health ◽

10.1007/s10903-017-0583-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 612-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ishan C. Williams ◽

Moon Ho Park ◽

Siny Tsang ◽

Scott A. Sperling ◽

Carol Manning

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African American ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

African American Adults

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The influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive function in early Parkinson's disease

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry ◽

10.1002/gps.4735 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 288-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maxime Doiron ◽

Mélanie Langlois ◽

Nicolas Dupré ◽

Martine Simard

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Early Parkinson’S Disease

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Prevalence of hippocampal enlarged perivascular spaces in a sample of patients with hypertension and their relation with vascular risk factors and cognitive function

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2017-316724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 651-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joan Jiménez-Balado ◽

Iolanda Riba-Llena ◽

Edurne Garde ◽

Marta Valor ◽

Belen Gutiérrez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Perivascular Spaces ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Verbal Reasoning

ObjectivesThe clinical importance of hippocampal enlarged perivascular spaces (H-EPVS) remains uncertain. We aimed to study their association with vascular risk factors, cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsData were obtained from the ISSYS (Investigating Silent Strokes in hYpertensives, a magnetic resonance imaging Study) cohort, which is a prospective study of patients with hypertension aged 50–70 with no prior stroke or dementia. Participants were clinically evaluated and underwent a cognitive screening test, Dementia Rating Scale-2, which includes five cognitive subscales (attention, initiation/perseveration, conceptualisation, construction and memory). Besides, they were diagnosed with MCI or normal ageing following standard criteria. H-EPVS were manually counted on brain MRI according to a previous scale and defined as extensive when H-EPVS count was ≥7 (upper quartile). Multivariate models were created to study the relationship between H-EPVS, vascular risk factors and cognitive function.Results723 patients were included; the median age was 64 (59–67) and 51% were male. Seventy-two patients (10%) were diagnosed with MCI and 612 (84.6%) had at least 1 H-EPVS. Older age (OR per year=1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08) and poor blood pressure treatment compliance (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.11) were independently associated with extensive H-EPVS. Regarding cognitive function, H-EPVS were independently and inversely correlated with verbal reasoning (β=−0.021, 95% CI −0.038 to −0.003). No association was found between H-EPVS and MCI.ConclusionsH-EPVS are a frequent finding in patients with hypertension and are associated with ageing and poor hypertension treatment compliance. Besides, H-EPVS are associated with worse verbal reasoning function.

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