scholarly journals Clinical and neuropsychological profile in a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueli Rizzutti ◽  
Elaine Girão Sinnes ◽  
Luzia Flavia Scaramuzza ◽  
Lívia Freitas ◽  
Denise Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Inattentive Type ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and neuropsychological findings in children with suspicion of attention deficity hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The assessment involved 150 children aged 7 to 14 referred to NANI at UNIFESP. RESULTS: 75 children (55 M and 20 F) fulfilled the criteria for ADHD, among which 35 were of the inattentive type, 28 of combined type and 12 were hyperactive/impulsive. There was negative correlation between the digit score and the Corsi test. Children with hyperactivity and impulsivity had a low performance for functional memory. Children with oppositional defiant disorder presented pattern changes in adaptability when there was a change in the rhythm the stimuli were presented and lower adaptation to time variability (Hit RT), in addition to higher rates of omission in the continuous performance test. CONCLUSION: This study suggests multiple interrelations between the scores of neuropsychological battery useful for detailed delimitation of the clinical profile of children with ADHD.

Association of the GRIN2B rs2284411 polymorphism with methylphenidate response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna I Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Jong-Eun Park ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: We investigated the possible association between two NMDA subunit gene polymorphisms (GRIN2B rs2284411 and GRIN2A rs2229193) and treatment response to methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A total of 75 ADHD patients aged 6–17 years underwent 6 months of MPH administration. Treatment response was defined by changes in scores of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), clinician-rated Clinical Global Impression—Improvement (CGI-I), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The association of the GRIN2B and GRIN2A polymorphisms with treatment response was analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: The GRIN2B rs2284411 C/C genotype showed significantly better treatment response as assessed by ADHD-RS inattention ( p=0.009) and CGI-I scores ( p=0.009), and there was a nominally significant association in regard to ADHD-RS hyperactivity-impulsivity ( p=0.028) and total ( p=0.023) scores, after adjusting for age, sex, IQ, baseline Clinical Global Impression—Severity (CGI-S) score, baseline ADHD-RS total score, and final MPH dose. The GRIN2B C/C genotype also showed greater improvement at the CPT response time variability ( p<0.001). The GRIN2A G/G genotype was associated with a greater improvement in commission errors of the CPT compared to the G/A genotype ( p=0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the GRIN2B rs2284411 genotype may be an important predictor of MPH response in ADHD.

scholarly journals Characterizing Underlying Cognitive Components of ADHD Presentations and Co-morbid Diagnoses: A Diffusion Decision Model Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110200
Author(s):  
Nadja R. Ging-Jehli ◽  
L. Eugene Arnold ◽  
Michelle E. Roley-Roberts ◽  
Roger deBeus
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Presentation Modality ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Response Biases

Objective: To Explore whether subtypes and comorbidities of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) induce distinct biases in cognitive components involved in information processing. Method: Performance on the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) was compared between 150 children (aged 7 to 10) with ADHD, grouped by DSM-5 presentation (ADHD-C, ADHD-I) or co-morbid diagnoses (anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder [ODD], both, neither), and 60 children without ADHD. Diffusion decision modeling decomposed performance into cognitive components. Results: Children with ADHD had poorer information integration than controls. Children with ADHD-C were more sensitive to changes in presentation modality (auditory/visual) than those with ADHD-I and controls. Above and beyond these results, children with ADHD+anxiety+ODD had larger increases in response biases when targets became frequent than children with ADHD-only or with ADHD and one comorbidity. Conclusion: ADHD presentations and comorbidities have distinct cognitive characteristics quantifiable using DDM and IVA-CPT. We discuss implications for tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other Measures of Tests of Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubi Lufi ◽  
Shachar Pan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Assessment ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation in LIME1 and SPTBN2 Genes Is Associated with Attention Deficit in Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sung-Chou Li ◽  
Ho-Chang Kuo ◽  
Lien-Hung Huang ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Attention Deficits ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Healthy Control

DNA methylation levels are associated with neurodevelopment. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by attention deficits, is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. We used methylation microarray and pyrosequencing to detect peripheral blood DNA methylation markers of ADHD. DNA methylation profiling data from the microarray assays identified potential differentially methylated CpG sites between 12 ADHD patients and 9 controls. Five candidate CpG sites (cg00446123, cg20513976, cg07922513, cg17096979, and cg02506324) in four genes (LIME1, KCNAB2, CAPN9, and SPTBN2) were further examined with pyrosequencing. The attention of patients were tested using the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT). In total, 126 ADHD patients with a mean age of 9.2 years (78.6% males) and 72 healthy control subjects with a mean age of 9.3 years (62.5% males) were recruited. When all participants were categorized by their CPT performance, the DNA methylation levels in LIME1 (cg00446123 and cg20513976) were found to be significantly higher and those in SPTBN2 (cg02506324) were significantly lower in children with worse CPT performance. Therefore, DNA methylation of two CpG sites in LIME1 and one CpG site in SPTBN2 is associated with attention deficits in children. DNA methylation biomarkers may assist in identifying attention deficits of children in clinical settings.

Associations between COMTVal158Met polymorphism and cognition: direct or indirect effects?

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Krabbendam ◽  
Pilar Isusi ◽  
Paloma Galdos ◽  
Elena Echevarria ◽  
José Ramón Bilbao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Cognitive Stability ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Attentional Tasks

AbstractBackground:Previous work suggests that reaction time variability (RTV) in attentional tasks, as a measure of cognitive stability, is associated with degree of Val loading in COMT Val158Met genotype, and that this association may be relevant for the aetiology of schizophrenia. This study examined (i) to what degree RTV pertaining to tasks of varying cognitive complexity would be associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and (ii) to what degree this would be mediated by Val loading.Methods:COMT genotyping was investigated in a sample of 23 patients with schizophrenia, 33 first-degree relatives, and 21 controls. All participants performed the Flanker continuous performance test.Results:Schizophrenia liability was associated with number of correct trials of the Flanker test, but not with RTV, and this association was not mediated by COMT Val158Met genotype. Similarly, Met loading was associated with number of correct trials and with RTV, but this was not mediated by schizophrenia liability.Conclusions:Associations between COMT Val158Met genotype and RTV do not appear to reflect transmission of schizophrenia liability in families. Differential associations with Val and Met alleles across studies suggest indirect effects through gene–gene interactions or the influence of a functional polymorphism near COMT Val158Met.

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