Molecular characterization of Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated during a diarrhea outbreak

This work aimed to assess pathogenic potential and clonal relatedness of Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio cholerae isolates recovered during a diarrhea outbreak in Brazil. Clinical and environmental isolates were investigated for the presence of known pathogenic genes and clonal relatedness was assessed by intergenic spacer region (ISR) 16S-23S amplification. Four Aeromonas genes (lip, exu, gcat, flaA/B) were found at high overall frequency in both clinical and environmental isolates although the lip gene was specifically absent from selected species. A fifth gene, aerA, was rarely found in A. caviae, the most abundant species. The ISR profile revealed high heterogeneity among the Aeromonas isolates and no correlation with species identification. In contrast, in all the V. cholerae isolates the four genes investigated (ctxA, tcpA, zot and ace) were amplified and revealed homogeneous ISR and RAPD profiles. Although Aeromonas isolates were the major enteric pathogen recovered, their ISR profiles are not compatible with a unique cause for the diarrhea events, while the clonal relationship clearly implicates V. cholerae in those cases from which it was isolated. These results reinforce the need for a better definition of the role of aeromonads in diarrhea and whether they benefit from co-infection with V. cholerae.

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The Aquatic Environment as a Reservoir ofVibrio choleraeO1 in Hydrographic Basins of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/746254 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques ◽

Vladimir da Mota Silveira Filho ◽

Ana Paula Rocha da Costa ◽

Mariana de Lira Nunes ◽

Sandoval Vieira da Silva Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

N Gene ◽

Intergenic Spacer Region ◽

Quiescent Period ◽

Pathogenic Genes ◽

Culture Negative

After the worldwide cholera epidemic in 1993, permanent environmental monitoring of hydrographic basins was established in Pernambuco, Brazil, where cholera is endemic. After a quiescent period, 4rfbN (serogroup O1) positive water samples that were culture negative were detected by multiplex single-tube nested PCR (MSTNPCR); 2 of these were alsoctxA (cholera toxin) positive. From May to June 2012, 30V. choleraeO1 isolates were obtained by culturing samples. These isolates were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes by PCR, intergenic spacer region 16S-23S PCR (ISR-PCR), and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The isolates were positive for therfbN gene and negative for the assessed pathogenic genes and were classified into 2 groups by ISR and the same profile by PFGE. Close genetic similarity was observed between them (2012) and environmental strains from 2004 to 2005, indicating the permanence of endemicV. choleraeO1 in the region.

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Genomic profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 in cholera-endemic areas of Bangladesh

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.192426499 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 99 (19) ◽

pp. 12409-12414 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Y.-G. Zo ◽

I. N. G. Rivera ◽

E. Russek-Cohen ◽

M. S. Islam ◽

A. K. Siddique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽

Endemic Areas

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Pathogenic potential of vibriophages against an experimental infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 in the RITARD model

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ◽

10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.034 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 569-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tushar Suvra Bhowmick ◽

Hemanta Koley ◽

Mayukh Das ◽

Dhira Rani Saha ◽

B.L. Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1

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Phylogenetic and antimicrobial drug resistance analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Ghana

Microbial Genomics ◽

10.1099/mgen.0.000668 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Japheth A. Opintan ◽

Robert C. Will ◽

George K. Kuma ◽

Mary Osei ◽

Amos Akumwena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Type Species ◽

Lag Phase ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Content Type ◽

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽

Link Type ◽

Pathogen Persistence ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽

Vaccination Campaigns

We investigated the evolution, phylogeny and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates (VCO1) from Ghana. Outbreak and environmental sources of VCO1 were characterized, whole-genome sequenced and compared to globally available seventh pandemic (7P) strains of V. cholerae at SNP resolution. Final analyses included 636 isolates. Novel Ghanaian isolates clustered into three distinct clades (clades 1, 2 and 3) in wave 3 of the 7P lineage. The closest relatives of our novel Ghanaian isolates were from Benin, Cameroon, Togo, Niger and Nigeria. All novel Ghanaian isolates were multi-drug resistant. Environmental isolates clustered into clade 2, despite being isolated years later, showing the possibility of persistence and re-emergence of older clades. A lag phase of several years from estimated introduction to reported cases suggests pathogen persistence in the absence of reported cholera cases. These results highlight the importance of deeper surveillance for understanding transmission routes between bordering countries and planning tailored vaccination campaigns in an effort to eradicate cholera.

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Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor from southern Vietnam in 2010 was molecularly distinct from that present from 1999 to 2004

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268815002617 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 144 (6) ◽

pp. 1241-1247 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. H. NGUYEN ◽

H. T. PHAM ◽

T. T. DIEP ◽

C. D. H. PHAN ◽

T. Q. NGUYEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽

Variable Number ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Southern Vietnam ◽

Large Outbreak ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽

El Tor

SUMMARYThe Vibrio cholerae O1 (VCO1) El Tor biotype appeared during the seventh cholera pandemic starting in 1961, and new variants of this biotype have been identified since the early 1990s. This pandemic has affected Vietnam, and a large outbreak was reported in southern Vietnam in 2010. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analyses (MLVA) were used to screen 34 VCO1 isolates from the southern Vietnam 2010 outbreak (23 patients, five contact persons, and six environmental isolates) to determine if it was genetically distinct from 18 isolates from outbreaks in southern Vietnam from 1999 to 2004, and two isolates from northern Vietnam (2008). Twenty-seven MLVA types and seven PFGE patterns were identified. Both analyses showed that the 2008 and 2010 isolates were distinctly clustered and separated from the 1999–2004 isolates.

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Molecular Analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139, non-O1, and non-O139 Strains: Clonal Relationships between Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.7.3331-3331.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 3331-3331

Author(s):

D. V. Singh ◽

Maria H. Matte ◽

G. R. Matte ◽

Sunny Jiang ◽

F. Sabeena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1

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Identification and Characterization of “Candidatus Rickettsia Thierseensis”, a Novel Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Species Detected in Austria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8111670 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1670

Author(s):

Anna-Margarita Schötta ◽

Michiel Wijnveld ◽

Dieter Höss ◽

Gerold Stanek ◽

Hannes Stockinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Similarity ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Spotted Fever Group ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Rickettsia Species ◽

Intergenic Spacer Region ◽

Sfg Rickettsia

Rickettsia spp. are the second most common pathogens detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Austria after Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Species belonging to the spotted fever group (SFG) are the causative agents for tick-borne rickettsiosis across the world. So far, only four SFG Rickettsia spp. were detected in Austria, namely R. helvetica, R. raoultii, R. monacensis and R. slovaca. Here, we describe the identification of a new SFG Rickettsia species detected in an I. ricinus tick. Sequencing of various rickettsial genes revealed a nucleotide sequence similarity of 99.6%, 98.5%, 97.3% and 98.5% to the gltA, ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes, respectively, of known and validated species. Additionally, sequencing of the htrA gene and 23S-5S intergenic spacer region also only showed 99.6% and 99.2%, respectively, similarity to known species. Therefore, and in accordance with current criteria for Rickettsia species discrimination, we hereby describe a new species of the SFG with putative pathogenic potential. We propose the name “Candidatus Rickettsia thierseensis” based on the village Thiersee in the Austrian province of Tyrol, where the carrying tick was found.

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In vivo Production of Soluble Inorganic Pyrophosphatases in Two Strains of Vibrio cholerae

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1235 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

Taslima Taher Lina ◽

Mohammad Ilias

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Cholerae ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Environmental Strain ◽

Cell Extracts ◽

Atcc Strain ◽

The Family ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1

The in vivo production of soluble inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) was investigated in two strains, namely, Vibrio cholerae EM 004 (environmental strain) and Vibrio cholerae O1 757 (ATCC strain). V. cholerae is known to contain both family I and family II PPase coding sequences. The production of family I and family II PPases were determined by measuring the enzyme activity in cell extracts. The effects of pH, temperature, salinity of the growth medium on the production of soluble PPases were studied. In case of family I PPase, V. cholerae EM 004 gave the highest specific activity at pH 9.0, with 2% NaCl + 0.011% NaF and at 37°C. The strain V. cholerae O1 757 gave the highest specific activity at pH 9.0, with media containing 0% NaCl and at 37°C. On the other hand, under all the conditions family II PPase did not give any significant specific activity, suggesting that the family II PPase was not produced in vivo in either strains of V. cholerae under different experimental conditions. Keywords: Vibrio cholerae, Pyrophosphatases (PPases), Specific activityDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i1.1235 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 38-41

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