scholarly journals Identificação sorológica de espécies de potyvirus em melancia, no estado de Roraima

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira ◽  
Najara F. Ramos ◽  
Francisco A.C. Rabelo Filho ◽  
M. Fátima B. Gonçalves ◽  
Katia L. Nechet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus

No período de maio de 2003 a março de 2004, foram coletadas amostras foliares de plantas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus) de 21 campos de cultivo de cucurbitáceas, no Estado de Roraima. As amostras exibiam diferentes sintomas de vírus e foram levadas para o Laboratório de Virologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal do Ceará para serem testadas por "enzyme linked immunosorbent assay" (Elisa)-indireto, contra anti-soros específicos para Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus estirpe melancia (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Nos testes de Elisa, utilizou-se o conjugado universal, anti-imunoglobulina (IgG) de coelho produzida em cabra conjugada à enzima fosfatase alcalina. Todas as amostras foram testadas, também, por dupla difusão contra o anti-soro para Squash mosaic virus (SqMV). Os resultados indicaram a presença do PRSV-W em 84,2% das amostras coletadas em maio de 2003, em 7,1% das amostras coletadas em dezembro de 2003 e em 55,6% das amostras coletadas em março de 2004. A presença do ZYMV foi observada em 10,5% das amostras coletadas em maio de 2003, 21,4% das amostras coletadas em dezembro de 2003 e em 25,9% das amostras de março de 2004. O WMV foi detectado somente em oito das amostras coletadas em março de 2004 (29,6%). Os resultados desta pesquisa confirmam a ampla dispersão do PRSV-W em cultivos de cucurbitáceas no território brasileiro e a preocupante expansão do ZYMV em razão dos elevados prejuízos que o mesmo tem causado em outras partes do mundo.

scholarly journals Identificação sorológica de espécies de vírus que infetam cucurbitáceas em áreas produtoras do Maranhão

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA C. C. L. MOURA ◽  
J. ALBERSIO A. LIMA ◽  
VANÚZIA B. OLIVEIRA ◽  
M. FÁTIMA B. GONÇALVES
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata

Os vírus representam sérios obstáculos para o sucesso da olericultura no mundo inteiro, constituindo a identificação daqueles de maior incidência numa região, papel fundamental para o estabelecimento de estratégias de controle. Visitas de campo foram realizadas a plantios de espécies de cucurbitáceas em áreas produtoras do Maranhão e amostras foliares foram coletadas de 118 plantas com sintomas ou suspeita de sintomas de vírus, sendo 46 de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata), 30 de melancia (Citrullus lanatus), 23 de maxixe (Cucumis anguria), 13 de pepino (C. sativus) e seis de melão (C. melo). Todas as amostras foram testadas contra anti-soros específicos para os principais vírus das famílias Bromoviridae, Comoviridae e Potyviridae que infetam cucurbitáceas no Nordeste, mediante "enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay" (ELISA) indireto e dupla difusão em agar. Os resultados revelaram a identificação sorológica de Papaya ringspot vírus (PRSV) em 64,4% das amostras analisadas, seguido de Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) em 15,2%, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) em 6,8%, Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) em 3,4% e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) em 3,4%. Este levantamento confirma a predominância do PRSV em espécies de cucurbitáceas cultivadas no estado do Maranhão.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to the Watermelon Strain of Papaya Ringspot Virus in the Cucumber Line TMG-1

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wai ◽  
R. Grumet
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Elisa Data

The inbred cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) line TMG-1 is resistant to three potyviruses: zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W). In this study we sought to determine the genetics of resistance to PRSV-W. TMG-1 was crossed with WI-2757, an inbred line susceptible to all three viruses. Segregation data indicated that resistance to PRSV-W was due to a single dominant gene (proposed designation, Prsv-2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data suggested that the mechanism of resistance to PRSV-W differs from that for ZYMV and WMV, and may be better described as tolerance. Although the plants were free of symptoms, high PRSV-W titers existed in young expanding leaves of the TMG-1 plants and the WI-2757 × TMG-1 F1 progeny.

scholarly journals Fontes de resistência em melancia aos principais potyvírus isolados de cucurbitáceas no Nordeste brasileiro

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanuzia B. de Oliveira ◽  
Manoel Abilio de Queiroz ◽  
Albersio A. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus

A melancia, Citrullus spp., pode ser infetada por várias espécies de vírus, dentre as quais se destacam as pertencentes à família Potyviridae. Visando identificar fontes de resistência a potyvírus, foi iniciado na UFC um programa de indexação do banco de germoplasma de melancia da Embrapa Semi-Árido. Foram utilizadas as espécies de potyvírus, isoladas de cucurbitáceas no Nordeste: Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W); Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Dos 50 acessos de melancia avaliados, 37 pertencem a Citrullus lanatus, 9 a C. lanatus var. citroides e 4 a C. colocynthis. Em casa-de-vegetação foram inoculadas 4 plantas envasadas de cada acesso com PRSV-W, 4 com WMV-2 e 4 com ZYMV, ficando 4 sem inoculação. As inoculações foram efetuadas 8 dias após o plantio, e 15 dias depois. As plantas assintomáticas foram reinoculadas. As plantas que persistiram sem sintomas, após um período de 25 dias após a primeira inoculação, foram testadas por ELISA contra os anti-soros correspondentes. Dentre os acessos avaliados, 5 mostraram-se resistentes aos 3 vírus, um resistente somente ao PRSV-W, 21 resistentes somente ao ZYMV e nenhum com resistência isolada ao WMV-2. No entanto, 45 acessos apresentaram resistência ao ZYMV isoladamente ou em combinação com outro potyvírus. Os acessos suscetíveis, apresentaram sintomas 10 dias após a primeira inoculação enquanto que os resistentes permaneceram sem sintomas após a segunda inoculação e com resultados negativos em ELISA. Alguns acessos poderão ser cruzados visando obter populações segregantes para a seleção de indivíduos homozigotos recessivos e, juntamente com os acessos com resistência tripla identificados, ampliar a variabilidade genética de fontes quanto a características de planta e fruto.

scholarly journals Viruses Infecting Cucurbits in Samsun, Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sevik ◽  
M. Arli-Sokmen
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus

To detect cucurbit viruses and determine their incidence, surveys were conducted in 45 fields in 18 villages in Samsun province, Turkey from July to October in 1999 and 2000. Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were detected in cucurbits after analyzing 165 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. WMV, ZYMV, and CMV were detected in 53.9, 38.8, and 20.6% of samples tested, respectively. ZYMV and WMV infections were detected in all cucurbit species, but CMV was not detected in any samples of watermelon and pumpkin.

scholarly journals Cyclanthera pedata var. edulis: New Host of Papaya ringspot virus-type W in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. M. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
New Host

Stuffing cucumber (Cyclanthera pedata var. edulis Schrad.) is native to the Americas, where it often occurs as an escape. The species is monoecious, with small flowers and large and deeply palmately lobed leaves. Fruits are puffy, partially hollow, and measure 5 × 15 cm long. The plant has soft spines, a tapered neck, and black seeds. The species has long been cultivated in Asia, where fruits are eaten raw as a substitute for cucumber or cooked (1). One plant showing intense mosaic, without leaf malformation, was found near a squash crop (Cucurbita moschata) in Anhembi County, State of São Paulo. Electron microscopic examination of a negatively stained sap preparation from leaves of this plant showed that it contained numerous flexuous rod-shaped particles, approximately 700 × 760 nm long, similar to those of potyviruses. Extracts from symptomatic leaves were rub-inoculated to zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo), Carica papaya, Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, Gomphrena globosa, and Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Black Turtle 2. Only zucchini squash was infected and developed severe mosaic with intense leaf malformation. Extracts from field infected stuffing cucumber and experimentally inoculated zucchini squash were tested by plate-trapped antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) with antisera against the following potyviruses: Papaya ringspot virus-type W (PRSV-W), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2). Samples were also tested with antisera against a tospovirus (Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus) and a cucumovirus (Cucumber mosaic virus). Both samples were positive in PTA-ELISA only with PRSV-W antiserum. This is the first report of C. pedata var. edulis as a natural host for PRSV-W in Brazil. References: (1) R. W. Robinson and D. S. Decker-Walters. 1997. Cucurbits. CAB International, UK.

scholarly journals Efeitos da interação de potyvirus em híbridos de meloeiro, variedades de melancia e abobrinha

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najara F. Ramos ◽  
J. Albérsio A. Lima ◽  
M. Fátima B. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus

Em razão da freqüente ocorrência de infecção mista, na natureza, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito da interação de diferentes espécies de potyvírus em meloeiro (Cucumis melo), melancia (Citrullus lanatus) e abobrinha (Cucurbita pepo). Foram usados os seguintes vírus da família Potyviridae, gênero Potyvirus: Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV); Watermelon mosaic virus, (WMV) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, (ZYMV). Os efeitos na sintomatologia das infecções duplas e simples de PRSV, WMV e ZYMV foram avaliados em três híbridos de meloeiro, duas variedades de melancia e abobrinha 'Caserta', em experimentos de casa de vegetação. Os três vírus, isoladamente ou em todas as duplas combinações possíveis, foram inoculados, em plantas dos híbridos de meloeiro Hy Mark, Gold Mine e Orange Flesh, variedades de melancia Crimson Sweet e Charleston Gray e abobrinha 'Caserta', usando-se dez plantas de cada híbrido ou variedade, por combinação de vírus. As inoculações foram efetuadas por meio de extratos de folhas com infecção simples dos respectivos vírus. As plantas inoculadas com cada vírus isoladamente e suas respectivas combinações foram observadas quanto ao aparecimento de sintomas durante 30 dias após as inoculações. Amostras foliares das plantas inoculadas foram, também, testadas por ELISA indireto contra os anti-soros correspondentes para cada vírus. As infecções duplas em meloeiro, melancia e abobrinha revelaram, através da avaliação sintomatológica, que existem interações sinérgicas entre PRSV, WMV e ZYMV. As infecções duplas envolvendo o ZYMV apresentaram alta severidade, exibindo sintomas não encontrados em infecções simples, apesar da severidade nas infecções isoladas do ZYMV.

scholarly journals First Report of Papaya ringspot virus and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Luohanguo (Siraitia grosvenorii) in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-M. Liao ◽  
X.-J. Gan ◽  
B. Chen ◽  
J.-H. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii

Luohanguo, Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey, is a perennial cucurbitaceous plant that is an economically important medicinal and sweetener crop in Guangxi province, China. Surveys conducted during the summer to fall seasons of 2003-2004 in northern Guangxi showed symptoms typical of a viral disease, including leaf mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, curling, and shoestring-like distortion in the field. Mechanical inoculation of sap from leaves of symptomatic plants collected from the surveyed areas caused similar symptoms on tissue culture-derived healthy Luohanguo plants. Two sequences of 0.7 and 1.6 kb with 88 and 97% identity to Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were amplified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with purified flexuous viral particles or total RNA extracted from the symptomatic Luohanguo leaves as templates with conserved degenerate potyvirus primers (1). To confirm the results, primers specific for PRSV (PP1/PP2, genome coordinates 4064-4083/5087-5069, GenBank Accession No X97251) and ZYMV (ZP1/ZP2, genome coordinates 5540-5557/7937-7920, GenBank Accession No L31350) were used to perform RT-PCR from the same RNA templates. The expected 1.0- and 2.3-kb fragments were amplified and they were 90 and 95% identical to PRSV and ZYMV in sequence, respectively. Watermelon mosaic virus was not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of PRSV and ZYMV in Luohanguo. Reference: (1) A. Gibbs et al. J. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997.

scholarly journals Yield and Virus Resistance of Summer Squash Cultivars and Breeding Lines in North Carolina

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
S. Alan Walters
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Summer Squash

Yellow and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultigens (breeding lines and cultivars) were evaluated over a 2-year (1995 and 1996) period in North Carolina. Yellow squash cultigens that performed well (based on total marketable yields) were `Destiny III', `Freedom III', `Multipik', XPHT 1815, and `Liberator III' in Fall 1995 and HMX 4716, `Superpik', PSX 391, `Monet', `Dixie', XPH 1780, and `Picasso' in Spring 1996. Some of the yellow squash cultigens evaluated had superior viral resistance: XPHT 1815, XPHT 1817, `Freedom III', `Destiny III', `Freedom II', TW 941121, `Prelude II', and `Liberator III' in Fall 1995 and XPHT 1815, `Liberator III', `Prelude II', and `Destiny III' in Fall 1996; all these cultigens were transgenic. The yellow squash cultigens that performed well (based on total marketable yields) in the Fall 1995 test had transgenic virus resistance (`Destiny III', `Freedom III', XPHT 1815, and `Liberator III') or had the Py gene present in its genetic background (`Multipik'). Based on total marketable yields, the best zucchini cultigens were XPHT 1800, `Tigress', XPHT 1814, `Dividend' (ZS 19), `Elite', and `Noblesse' in Fall 1995; and `Leonardo', `Tigress', `Hurricane', `Elite', and `Noblesse' in Spring 1996. The zucchini cultigens with virus resistance were TW 940966, XPHT 1814, and XPHT 1800 in Fall 1995 and XPHT 1800, XPHT 1776, XPHT 1777, XPHT 1814, and XPHT 1784 in Fall 1996. Even though TW 940966 had a high level of resistance in the Fall 1995 test, it was not as high yielding as some of the more susceptible lines. Viruses detected in the field were papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) for Fall 1995; while PRSV, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and WMV were detected for Fall 1996. Summer squash cultigens transgenic for WMV and ZYMV have potential to improve yield, especially during the fall when viruses are more prevalent. Most transgenic cultigens do not possess resistance to PRSV, except XPHT 1815 and XPHT 1817. Papaya ringspot virus was present in the squash tests during the fall of both years. Thus, PRSV resistance must be transferred to the transgenic cultigens before summer squash can be grown during the fall season without the risk of yield loss due to viruses.

scholarly journals Seleção de acessos e progênies de Citrullus spp. para resistência a três potyvirus

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindomar M. da Silveira ◽  
Manoel A. de Queiróz ◽  
J. Albérsio de A. Lima ◽  
Maria Z. de Negreiros ◽  
Najara F. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus

Visando selecionar acessos e progênies de melancia (Citrullus spp.) como fontes de resistência aos potyvirus: Papaya ringspot virus tipo watermelon (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), oito genótipos foram avaliados, sendo seis dos acessos (87-019, 87-029, 91-080, PI-244018, 91-043 e PI-195927) e dois do acesso PI-244019 (PI-244019A e PI-244019B) do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) de cucurbitáceas do Nordeste brasileiro, da Embrapa Semi-Árido em Petrolina-PE. Também foram avaliadas progênies endogâmicas e de polinização livre derivadas desses acessos. As avaliações foram realizadas em de casa de vegetação, mediante inoculações mecânicas, e avaliação por Elisa, no Laboratório de Virologia Vegetal da UFC. As plantas não infetadas foram selecionadas e cultivadas na Estação Experimental de Bebedouro na Embrapa Semi-Árido em Petrolina-PE, onde ocorreram inoculações naturais de vírus por vetores. Foram constatadas plantas não infetadas com o PRSV-W nos acessos 87-019, PI-244019A, 91-080, PI-244018, PI-244019B e PI-195927; plantas não infetadas com o WMV nos acessos 87-019 e 87-029 e plantas não infetadas com o ZYMV nos acessos PI-244019A, 87-029, 91-080, 91-043, PI-244019B e PI-195927. As progênies apresentaram comportamento diferenciado, com percentagem de plantas selecionadas variando de 20 a 100% nas progênies avaliadas para resistência a PRSV-W e 60 a 100% nas progênies avaliadas para resistência a WMV. Nenhuma das progênies testadas apresentou resistência ao ZYMV, evidenciando possível diferença entre a resistência ao PRSV-W e ao WMV apresentada nas progênies e a resistência apresentada ao ZYMV, visto que as progênies foram submetidas ao mesmo número de autofecundações.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Pumpkin and Squash Viruses in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jossey ◽  
M. Babadoost
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Dark Green

Surveys were conducted during 2004 to 2006 to identify the viruses infecting pumpkin and squash in Illinois. In 2004, 16 jack-o-lantern pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) samples and one squash (C. pepo) sample were collected from 11 counties. In 2005, 85 jack-o-lantern pumpkin, 12 processing pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), 37 squash, and six gourd (C. pepo) samples were collected from 54 counties. In 2006, 85 jack-o-lantern pumpkin, 16 processing pumpkin, 51 squash, and 18 gourd samples were collected from 47 counties. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and unknown potyviruses were detected in pumpkin, squash, and gourd fields during the surveys, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 86, 11, 75, and 79% of jack-o-lantern pumpkin, processing pumpkin, squash, and gourds, respectively, were tested positive for virus infection during the survey. WMV was detected in 47, 46, and 52% of the samples in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively, and was the most prevalent virus throughout the state. SqMV was detected in more counties than any other virus because it was identified in 65 and 88% of the counties surveyed in 2005 and 2006, respectively. SqMV was detected in 6, 41, and 48% of the samples in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. During the surveys, CMV was detected in 6, 4, and 3% of the samples; PRSV was detected in 6, 11, and 4% of the samples; and ZYMV was detected in 18, 4, and 4% of the samples tested in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. TRSV was detected in 3% of the samples in 2005, for the first time on pumpkin in Illinois. Pathogenicity of the detected viruses was proved for CMV, PRSV, SqMV, WMV, and ZYMV on summer squash (‘Fortune’ and ‘Grey Zucchini’), jack-o-lantern pumpkin (‘Howden’), and processing pumpkin (‘Dickinson’). All of the viruses were present alone and mixed in the samples tested. Earlier in the growing seasons (July and early August), single-virus infections were detected. Mixed infections were more common from the second week of August until the end of the growing season in October. Dual infection of WMV and SqMV was the most prevalent mixed virus infection detected in Illinois. Most viruses infecting pumpkin and squash showed similar symptoms. The most common symptoms observed in the commercial fields and in the greenhouse studies were light- and dark-green mosaic, veinbanding, veinclearing, puckering, and deformation of leaves of pumpkin, squash, and gourds. Severe symptoms included fernleaf and shoestring on leaves and color breaking and deformation of fruit.

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