scholarly journals Experimental infection in Notodiaptomus sp. (Crustacea: Calanoida) with larvae of Camallanus sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Martins ◽  
L. Ghiraldelli ◽  
F. Garcia ◽  
E.M. Onaka ◽  
R.Y. Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Pasteur Pipette ◽  
Xiphophorus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

This trial registered the experimental infection viability with nematode larvae Camallanus sp. in Notodiaptomus sp., a crustacean, which can be an intermediate host. Adult females of nematode were dissected from the intestines of Xiphophorus maculatus (Osteichthyes: Poeciliidae), at a fish farm in the State of São Paulo. Females were slightly compressed for larvae release, collected with Pasteur pipette and separated on Petri dishes with 9ml filtered water at 28.1ºC, from zooplankton culture. Treatments consisted of Petri dishes with 60 and 105 copepods, in which 120, 150 and 210 larvae of nematode were added in four replications. Twenty-four and 36h after exposition to the larvae, the copepods were fixed in 70% alcohol to record the amount of fixed larvae. Twenty four hours after exposition, 60 copepods group with 120 larvae showed significantly higher prevalence (46.5%) when compared to 105 copepods and 120 larvae (33.2%). Thus, these answers suggested that 120 larvae were enough for a successful infectivity. Experimental infection was available and so, it was used as a pattern to life cycle studies of camallanid nematodes and hosts susceptibility tests.

The morphology and life-cycle of Cephalochlamys namaquensis (Cohn, 1906) (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from Xenopus muelleri and X. laevis

Parasitology ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
June P. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Makerere University ◽  
Egg Capsules ◽  
University College ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research Grant

Some morphological characteristics of Cephalochlamys namaquensis from Xenopus muelleri collected at Kajansi, Kampala, are described.Specimens of cestodes from other localities in Africa are compared with those from Kajansi in order to assess the reliability of the characters of the proposed genus Pseudocephalochlamys Yamaguti, 1959. Reasons are given for rejecting the genus.The embryonated, non-operculate egg capsules hatch at once in water. The ciliated coracidium is eaten by cyclopid copepods and the oncosphere rapidly penetrates through the mid-gut wall into the haemocoel. The procercoid develops a cercomer which moves actively during development and which retains the six hooks of the oncosphere. The procercoid develops the scolex, osmoregulatory canals and calcareous corpuscles typical of the adult while within the copepod. It is enclosed within a membrane. The procercoid is infective to Xenopus toads 20 days after being ingested by the copepod. No other intermediate host has been found.Thermocyclops infrequens Kiefer is the intermediate host at Kajansi, Kampala. The maximum number of C. namaquensis recovered from one toad was 103; usually there are between 1 and 6 per toad. Between 22% and 100% of Xenopus muelleri and X. laevis from different localities are infected with C. namaquensis.I wish to express by thanks to the Fisheries Officers and fishermen of Kajansi Fish Farm who have willingly caught Xenopus for me whenever required, and also to the many other people who have assisted me in getting specimens with which to work.I am also indebted to Mr L. Rugema who prepared most of the histological preparations, to Dr J. Green, Westfield College, London, who kindly identified Thermocyclops infrequens, and to Dr G. Rees, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, who gave me many useful comments during the course of this work.A research grant from Makerere University College contributed towards the cost of obtaining specimens.

Postembryonic development of certain tetraphyllidean and trypanorhynchan cestodes with a possible alternative life cycle for the order Trypanorhyncha

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1249-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight R. Mudry ◽  
Murray D. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Life Cycles

Development of metacestode stages obtained from experimental infection of copepods (Tigriopus californiens) with one species of tetraphyllidean (Acanthobothrium olseni) and two species of trypanorhynchs (Lacistorhynchus tenuis and Parachristianella monomegacantha) is described. Both A. olseni and L. tenuis produced procercoids lacking a cercomer. The procercoid of A. olseni had paired dorsal and ventral osmoregulatory canals which connected to the exterior both laterally and at the posterior end, while those of L. tenuis emptied only posteriorly. A procercoid was not produced by P. monomegacantha; instead development continued to an immature plerocercus stage with developing proboscides and bothridia.The contrasting metacestode stages of the trypanorhynchs L. tenuis and P. monomegacantha indicates the possibility of two different life cycles in this group. One, in which a procercoid develops, requires a teleost intermediate host as well as a crustacean intermediate host. The second life cycle would require only a microphagous crustacean intermediate host in which a plerocercus stage infective to elasmobranchs may develop.

Life cycle of Gnathostoma nipponicum Yamaguti, 1941

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ando ◽  
H. Tokura ◽  
H. Matsuoka ◽  
D. Taylor ◽  
Y. Chinzei
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Paratenic Host ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
First Intermediate Host

ABSTRACTThe life cycle of Gnathostoma nipponicum was examined by field survey and by experimental infection of animals with the larvae. Naturally infected larval G. nipponicum were found in loaches, catfish, and snakes. Experimentally, loaches, killifishes, frogs, salamanders, mice, and rats were successfully infected with the early third-stage larvae of G. nipponicum obtained from copepods (the first intermediate host), whereas snakes, quails, and weasels were not. Frogs, snakes, quails, and rats were experimentally infected with the advanced third-stage larvae (AdL3) from loaches. These results reveal that some species of fishes, amphibians and mammals can act as the second intermediate host and that some species of reptiles, birds and mammals can act as a paratenic host. The life cycle was completed in weasels, the definitive host, which were infected with AdL3 from loaches and started to evacuate eggs of G. nipponicum in faeces on days 65–90 postinfection.

Exploring the life cycle of Besnoitia besnoiti—Experimental infection of putative definitive and intermediate host species

2011 ◽  
Vol 178 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Basso ◽  
G. Schares ◽  
N.S. Gollnick ◽  
M. Rütten ◽  
P. Deplazes
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti

scholarly journals Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae) as an intermediate host of Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Alves Pinto ◽  
Alan Lane de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
First Report ◽  
Melanoides Tuberculata ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Small Intestines

Pleurolophocercous cercariae emerged from naturally infected Melanoides tuberculata from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were used to perform experimental infection of laboratory-reared Poecilia reticulata. Mature metacercariae were obtained from the gills of fishes and force-fed to Mus musculus. The adult parasites which recovered from small intestines of mice were identified as Centrocestus formosanus. This is the first report of M. tuberculata as intermediate host of this heterophyid in Brazil.

scholarly journals Experimental Infection of Two Species of Wrasse With The Digenean Proctoeces Subtenuis

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. H. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Scrobicularia Plana ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Ctenolabrus Rupestris

Two species of wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris (L.) and Crenilabrus melops (L.) were experimentally infected with the digenean Proctoeces subtenuis (Linton) collected from Scrobicularia plana (da Costa). The fishes were killed 1-24 days after infection, and the parasite population of their guts examined. About 20 % of the introduced parasites survived for 2-3 days, but the degree of infection decreased with time, the smallest specimens surviving longest. No significant differences were found between parasites from invertebrate and experimental vertebrate hosts.P. major Yamaguti, 1934, and P. insolitus (Nicoll, 1915) are declared synonymous with P. subtenuis (Linton, 1907The bearing of these results on the life cycle of P. subtenuis is discussed

The Output of First Stage Larvae by Cats Infested with Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Hamilton ◽  
A. W. McCaw
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, the lungworm of the cat, has a world wide distribution and has been reported from countries as far apart as America, Great Britain and Palestine. It has a complex life cycle insofar as a molluscan intermediate host is essential and it is possible that auxiliary hosts also play an important part. In Britain, the incidence of active infestation of cats with the parasite has been recorded as 19·4% (Lewis, 1927) and 6·6% (Hamilton, 1966) but the latter author found that, generally, the clinical disease produced by the parasite was of a mild nature. It is known that the average patent period of the infestation in the cat is 8–13 weeks and it seems likely that, in that time, a considerable number of first stage larvae would be evacuated. Information on that point is not available and the object of the following experiment was to ascertain the number of larvae produced by cats during the course of a typical infestation.

Observations on the Morphology and Life Cycle ofNeodiplostomum intermedium(Trematoda: Diplostomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Mother Sporocyst ◽  
Egg Transformation ◽  
Hydromys Chrysogaster ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

1.Neodiplostomum intermediumPearson is recorded from four new hosts; as an adult from the water rat,Hydromys chrysogasterGeoffroy, and as a metacercaria (diplostomulum), from tadpole and adult of an undescribed tree frog,Hylasp., tadpole of (Hyla latopalmata(Günther)Mixophyes fasciolatusGünther and frog of an unidentified leptodactylid.2. The life cycle ofNeodiplostomum intermediumwas followed experimentally; the hosts were:Pettancylus assimilis(Petterd), a fresh-water limpet, as first intermediate host; tadpole ofHyla pearsoniCopland as second intermediate host;Hyla caerulea(Shaw) a tree frog, andHemisphaerodon gerrardiPeters, the pinktongued skink, as paratenic hosts; andRattus assimilis(Gould) and laboratory rats as definitive hosts.3. Descriptions are given of the morphology of the miracidium, mother sporocyst, daughter sporocyst, cercaria, and diplostomulum, with special reference to the structure of the miracidium and of the cercarial tail.4. Observations are given on the embryology of the miracidium, hatching of the egg, transformation of the miracidium into the mother sporocyst with special reference to the germinal cells, the route and manner of escape of cercariae from the snail host, the development of the diplostomulum with special reference to the reserve excretory system, and the movements of diplostomula during metamorphosis of the tadpole host.5. The haploid chromosome number is ten, as determined from squashes of testes. One paratype and a series of experimental adults have been compared with and found different fromNeodiplostomum(Fibricola)sarcophilusn.comb. The orthography and formal proposing of the names of the species ofFibricolatransferred toNeodiplostomumby Pearson (1959b) are corrected.The writer wishes to thank Dr M. J. Mackerras, Queensland Institute for Medical Research, for generously supplying water rats; Professor J. F. A. Sprent, University of Queensland Veterinary School, for his criticism of the manuscript; Mr K. Webber and his sons for their assistance in catching rats and for permission to collect snails, frogs and tadpoles from their streams; and Mr R. J. Ballantyne for technical assistance. This study was supported by a grant from the Rural Credits Fund of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia.

scholarly journals Reproductive diapause in Nysius huttoni White (Heteroptera Lygaeidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
A. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Critical Photoperiod

The induction of reproductive diapause of Nysius huttoni was studied in the laboratory at 20 1C and 60 10 RH under a series of photoperiod regimes 168 h 1410 h 1212 h and 1014 h lightdark Reproductive diapause was considered to have occurred if females failed to lay eggs for 50 days after emergence The sensitivity of different life stages to diapauseinducing photoperiods varied When newly emerged females whose immature stages had been reared at 168 h were transferred to 1014 h and 1212 h 467 and 793 of them entered reproductive diapause respectively However when fifth instar nymphs were transferred from 168 h to 1014 h and 1212 h 100 of adult females entered reproductive diapause If the entire life cycle was maintained at 1014 h and 1212 h 667 and 400 of females entered reproductive diapause respectively The critical photoperiod for reproductive diapause was estimated to lie between 1311 h and 135105 h

Life cycle studies on two Digenea, Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) and Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae), in geckonid lizards from Indonesia

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Kennedy ◽  
L. M. Killick ◽  
M. Beverley-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Hemidactylus Frenatus ◽  
Pulmonate Gastropod ◽  
First Intermediate Host

Life cycle studies of Paradistomum geckonum (Dicrocoeliidae) were attempted experimentally. The pulmonate gastropod Lamellaxis gracilis served as the first intermediate host; geckonid lizards (Cosymbotus platyurus, Gehyra mutilata, and Hemidactylus frenatus) served as definitive hosts. The life cycle of Mesocoelium sociale (Mesocoeliidae) was studied in naturally infected first intermediate hosts (L. gracilis, Huttonella bicolor) and experimentally in geckonid definitive hosts (C. platyurus, G. mutilata, and H. frenatus). Some naturally infected L. gracilis were infected concurrently with larval stages of both digeneans. Second intermediate hosts, presumed to be arthropods, were experimentally unnecessary. Metacercariae of P. geckonum were not found. Cercariae of M. sociale formed encysted metacercariae in the same individual snails.

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