"Essentially Christian, eminently philanthropic": The Mission to Lepers in British India

The early history of the Mission to Lepers in India is an interplay between politics, religion, and medicine in the context of British imperialism. The Mission pursued the dual but inseparable goals of evangelization and civilization, advancing not only a religious program but also a political and cultural one. These activities and their consequences were multi-faceted because while the missionaries pursued their religious calling, they also provided medical care to people and in places that the colonial government was unable or unwilling. Within the context of the British imperial program, the work imparted Western social and cultural ideals on the colonial populations they served, inculcated patients with Christian beliefs, and provided medical care to individuals who had been expelled from their own communities. Physical healing was intimately tied to religious salvation, spiritual healing, and the civilizing process.

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Art. VI.—Notes and Recollections on Tea Cultivation in Kumaon and Garhwál

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00016890 ◽

1877 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 131-156

Author(s):

J. H. Batten

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

Best Interests ◽

British India ◽

The Real ◽

History Of

The cultivation of Tea in Kumaon has become so important and profitable, that it is interesting to trace the early history of this industry; and the duty of placing on record as true an account as possible of its introduction, rise and progress, is one which ought not to be neglected by those who are acquainted with the real facts; yet, after all, there is not very much to be told, even by those in full possession of all the data, when they show that, in this case—belonging, as it does, in an especial manner, to the best interests of British India—the seed of the sower “fell upon good ground, and yielded fruit, some an hundred-fold, some sixty, some thirty.”

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A New Shahrazad

Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East ◽

10.1215/1089201x-8524292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 372-386

Author(s):

Andrew Amstutz

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Middle East ◽

British Empire ◽

Travel Literature ◽

British India ◽

World War ◽

British Imperialism ◽

Colonial Era ◽

Autobiographical Writing ◽

History Of

Abstract In 1945, Mahmooda Rizvia, a prominent Urdu author from Sindh, published a travel account of her journey across the Arabian Sea from British India to Iraq during World War II. In her travel account, Rizvia conceptualized the declining British Empire as a dynamic space for Muslim renewal that connected India to the Middle East. Moreover, she fashioned a singular autobiographical persona as an Urdu literary pioneer and woman traveler in the Muslim lands of the British Empire. In her writings, Rizvia focused on her distinctive observations of the ocean, the history of the Ottoman Empire, and her home province of Sindh's location as a historical nexus between South Asia and the Middle East. In contrast to the expectations of modesty and de-emphasis on the self in many Muslim women's autobiographical narratives in the colonial era, Rizvia fashioned a pious, yet unapologetically self-promotional, autobiographical persona. In conversation with recent scholarship on Muslim cosmopolitanism, women's autobiographical writing, and travel literature, this article points to the development of an influential project of Muslim cosmopolitanism in late colonial Sindh that blurred the lines between British imperialism, pan-Islamic ambitions, and nationalism during the closing days of World War II.

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Historiography of National Movement: A Case of ‘Indian India’

History Research Journal ◽

10.26643/hrj.v5i5.8057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 166-176

Author(s):

Maitree Vaidya Sabnis

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

British India ◽

Binary Responses ◽

National Movement ◽

History Of ◽

The One ◽

Colonial Government

Modern Indian historians has focused most of its attention on writing history of British India and discourses on the princely states or ‘Indian India’ was left to the margins. The Princely states which consisted of at least half of population and region in the pre-independent times did not experience the strength of national movement. There were two contradictory responses from the states. On the one hand the rulers were believed to be in cahoots with the colonial government and on the other people of some of the princely states went against their own rulers and supported the Indian national movement. This paper highlights various writings on the idea of nationalism in the princely states and its binary responses.

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Framing 'Islamic Art' for Aesthetic Interiors: Revisiting the 1878 Paris Exhibition

International Journal of Islamic Architecture ◽

10.1386/ijia_00003_1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 31-59

Author(s):

Moya Carey ◽

Mercedes Volait

Keyword(s):

Early History ◽

Islamic Art ◽

British India ◽

Public Displays ◽

National Initiatives ◽

Private And Public ◽

History Of ◽

International Audience ◽

Domestic Culture ◽

Private Collections

Abstract The 1878 Exposition Universelle in Paris is known for the substantial scope and content of its Islamic art displays ‐ the most extensive offered to an international audience by that date. A renewed analysis of this influential event demonstrates that it featured a network of distinct ‐ though often interlinked ‐ installations that come under the label of 'Islamic art', situated across a complex site. These included national initiatives, such as L'Égypte des Khalifes, sponsored by the ruling Khedive of Egypt, and the purpose-built Pavillon de la Perse, constructed by master-builders dispatched from Qajar Tehran. Commercial undertakings included a display of Vincent Robinson's Iranian carpets in the British India section. At the Galerie orientale curated by Albert Goupil in the Palais du Trocadéro, other objects loaned from private collections were presented. Common across these various displays was persuasively staged architecture. This article argues for the centrality of architectural salvage and reconstruction in the early history of private and public displays of Islamic art. By examining the different individuals who created both L'Égypte des Khalifes and the Galerie orientale, article proposes a new assessment of an elite domestic culture, pursued by affluent bachelor aesthetes of the period, with many modern resonances.

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Some early history of replica techniques for electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130018 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1076-1077

Author(s):

Robert M. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Early History ◽

Bulk Materials ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reflected Light ◽

History Of ◽

Electron Microscopes

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.

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