The Palaearctic types of Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the Linsenmaier collection. Part 2. Elampini: genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878

An illustrated catalogue of the Palaearctic types of species and subspecies described by Walter Linsenmaier in the genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878 is given. Linsenmaier described 110 species and subspecies of Hedychridium, most of the holotypes are deposited in his collection, at the Natur-Museum (Luzern, Switzerland), with the exception of 25 holotypes which are deposited at the Bristish Museum (London), at the Musée cantonal de zoologie (Lausanne) and in two private collections. Hedychridium atratum is here transferred to Chamaeholopyga Linsenmaier, 1987. Hedychridium krajniki turceyense Linsenmaier, 1968 stat. nov. is upgraded to species rank. The holotype of Hedychridium caireanum Linsenmaier, 1968 is considered lost. A list of the species described and a synthesys of his classification is given. Pictures of 83 primary and secondary types are presented.

Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

We here establish a new genus in the nymphalid butterfly subtribe Euptychiina, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen. to harbor five species hitherto placed within two polyphyletic genera, namely Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 and Euptychoides Forster, 1964. We compiled data from over 350 specimens in 17 public and private collections, as well as DNA sequence data for all relevant species, to revise the species-level classification of this new genus. According to our multi-locus molecular phylogeny estimated with the maximum likelihood approach, Cisandina lean. comb., Cisandina philippan. comb. & reinst. stat., Cisandina fidan. comb., Cisandina sanmarcosn. comb., and Cisandina trinitensisn. comb. are proposed as new taxonomic combinations, since these species are distantly related to the type species of Magneuptychia and Euptychoides and cannot reasonably be accommodated in any other genus. Lectotypes are designated for Papilio lea Cramer, 1777, Papilio junia Cramer, 1780, Euptychia philippa Butler, 1867, and Eupytchia fida Weymer, 1911. Two new species of Cisandinan. gen. are named and described herein, C. esmeralda Nakahara & Barbosa, n. sp. and C. castanya Lamas & Nakahara, n. sp., increasing the described species diversity of the genus to seven. The immature stages of C. castanyan. sp. and C. philippan. comb. & reinst. stat. are documented along with their natural hostplants, representing the first two species of the genus with known life history information. We describe a new subspecies, Cisandina fida directa Nakahara & Willmott, n. ssp., based on a limited number of specimens from southern Ecuador and central Peru. We were unable to obtain genetic data for the nominate race of C. fidan. comb., and thus, this taxonomic hypothesis is currently based solely on phenotypic characters.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE OLBIAN COINS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 4TH CENTURY BC.

Since the beginning of the XXI century, the amount of available for the researchers numismatic material has increased significantly, so introducing a new types of coins into the scientific circulation has become an especially relevant in modern numismatics, even when the archaeological context of most of these finds is almost lost. The study of ancient numismatics of Olbia is rapidly gaining in modern Ukraine. At the beginning of the XX century, ancient numismatics already had some significant achievements, but the accumulated material required urgent cataloging and systematization. During last 10 years since the publication of the most important and thorough catalog of ancient coins by Vladlen Opanasovich Anokhin, as well as the results of cataloging Olbia coins by other researchers - Valery Nechitaylo and Grigory Makandarov, numismatics has been enriched by new previously unknown coin types. The aim of the study. The main purpose of the article is to introduce into the scientific circulation new varieties of Olbia coins and to compile the most complete classification of Olbia coins of the IV century BC. Research methodology. In the process of scientific elaboration of the topic general scientific methods were used: analytical, chronological, and topographical, as well as source methods: critical, metrological and iconographic. A systematic approach to the processing of modern finds from private collections and access to the collections of foreign museums was the impetus for writing an expanded classification work. The scientific novelty. The value of the processed materials is that they not only complement this group of coins, but also refine previously published types in unsatisfactory condition, where incorrect reading of the names and trinkets has led to inaccuracies. The Conclusions. The so-called «obol series» covers the period of the Olbia minting around 350-330 BC. The monetary system consists of four denominations: obol (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the eagle on the dolphin), dikhalk (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the eagle on the dolphin), hulk (on the coin field depicts Demeter and the ear, dolphin) and hemihalk (depicts Demeter and dolphin). The die analysis allowed to divide the coins of Olbia of the IV century BC senior denomination for two stylistic groups. According to the results of our own research, we were able to determine the following number of varieties of each of these denominations: obols – 24 types, dikhalks - 6 types, hulks - 6 types, hemihalks - 2 types. We see the prospect of further research in the introduction into scientific circulation of new previously undiscovered varieties of Olbian coins from little-studied sources - materials of museum collections in Ukraine and abroad, among numismatic rarities sold at numismatic auctions and private collections.

NEW DATA ABOUT THE HOARDS OF ROMAN COINS FROM THE HRODNA REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

The article provides information on five new locations of Roman coins from the Hrodna region of the Republic of Belarus: three hoards, as well as two collective finds that can be interpreted as parts of hoards. All of them are represented by denarii of the Roman Empire. Only in one of the deposits – from the village of Bačancy – there is a hybrid barbarian imitation of the imperial denarius. Another of the hoards, found near the village of Varanki, contains, in addition to denarii, fragments of cut silver items, which dates to the beginning of the Migration Period, which makes it possible to determine the date of hiding of this complex in the 5th century. All these finds were made in the course of illegal searches and, unfortunately, only one hoard (Bačancy) almost entirely ended up in the museum collection. The rest of the deposits went to private collections, which hinders their detailed study. Along with new finds in the Hrodna region, there are from 9 to 13 hoards of antique coins. Most of them consist of denarii of the Roman Empire (sometimes along with barbarian imitations). Of the other deposits, the most interesting are the hoard of Roman Republican denarii from under the village of Luckaŭliany, a complex of bronze Alexandrian tetradrachms from under the village of Turec and a hoard (?) of perforated aurei from under the village of Ambileŭcy. Most of the hoards of Roman coins from the Hrodna region can be associated with the East Germans (Pszeworsk and Wielbark archaeological cultures), who penetrated into the Neman River basin inhabited by Baltic tribes in the first half of the 1st millennium AD. It is with the Germans that the vast majority of the hoards of Roman Imperial denarii found on the territory of Barbaricum are associated. It is also possible that some of the hoards could have been deposited by the Balts, which are under powerful East German influence.

The history of Polish viola literature – the 19th and 20th centuries

After the Romanticism era, when virtuoso music was dominated by the violin, cello and piano, there was a noticeable tendency among composers to search for new and fresh sound inspired by instruments previously functioning mainly in an orchestra. One of the instruments which acquired a new glory back then was the viola. Even though Western European literature earned a permanent place in the repertoire of violists worldwide, Polish pieces representing this genre are lesser-known and performed not as often, except for a few compositions. The library of Polish 20th century viola works is quite rich, but many compositions did not stand the test of time and we would look for them in vain within the performance canon; others were not published in print or recorded, and their manuscripts are owned by private collections. Some autographs of compositions have gone missing and only their titles have been preserved to this day. The present article is an attempt to systematise the state of knowledge about Polish viola compositions written before the end of the 20th century.

On the transformation of the Kalmyk costume in the second half of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century

Исследование посвящено изучению специфики бытования калмыцкого костюма во второй половине ХХ века – начале XXI века в Калмыкии, сравнению элементов кроя и способов декорирования в традиционных образцах народного костюма и в сценических национальных костюмах, а также в художественной стилизации авторских моделей одежды в этническом стиле. Материалом для исследования послужили костюмы из собраний и архивов российских музеев и частных коллекций. Объектом исследования является калмыцкий костюм, его эстетическая и смысловая доминанта как маркер национальной идентичности и ретранслятор традиционных ценностей. Целью исследования является выявление трансформационных процессов в бытовании калмыцкого народного костюма во второй половине ХХ века – начале XXI века. Впервые зафиксированы изменения технологических особенностей в создании декора и примеры внедрения инокультурных элементов в структуру повседневного и сценического народного костюма, которые несут с собой видоизменение смыслов и функциональности элементов национального костюма. Статья вводит в научный оборот новые данные о народных мастерах, художниках, дизайнерах, работающих в сфере народного костюма, зафиксированы созданные ими образцы национальной одежды и ее вариации. The research is devoted to the study of the specifics of the existence of the Kalmyk costume in the second half of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century in Kalmykia, comparing the elements of cut and methods of decoration in traditional samples of folk costume with the design and decor in scenic national costumes and in the artistic stylization of author's clothing models in ethnic style. The material for the study was the costumes from the collections and archives of Russian museums and private collections. The object of the study is the Kalmyk costume, its aesthetic and semantic dominant, as a marker of national identity and a repeater of traditional values. The aim of the study is to identify transformational processes in the existence of the Kalmyk folk costume in the second half of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century, as well as for the first time recorded changes in technological features in the creation of decor and examples of the introduction of foreign cultural elements into the structure of everyday and scenic folk costume, which carry with them a modification of the meanings and functionality of elements of the national costume. The author fixes the process of substitution of traditional crafts in the manufacture of elements of folk costume, in the context of the development of scientific and technological progress, using modern technologies for creating clothing decor, in the author's collections of ethnic fashion in Kalmykia. The article introduces into scientific circulation data on folk masters, artists, designers working in the field of folk costume, recorded samples of national clothing created by them and its variations.

SUSTENTABILIDADE NA PISCICULTURA EM TANQUES REDE: FATORES ECONÔMICOS, SOCIAIS E AMBIENTAIS NA MICRORREGIÃO DE JALES/SP

O estudo foca a área da Tilapicultura, criação de peixes em tanques-rede em Santa Fé do Sul, que ganhou expressividade no Estado, como a maior produtora em toneladas. A localidade é formada pelos Rios Grande e Paranaíba, que resultam no represamento da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira-SP. A cidade transformou-se em polo dinâmico de produção, destacando-se sua produção estimada (formal e informal) para a safra 2018/2019 de 40.320.000 quilogramas. Todavia, a microrregião de Jales, no âmbito da jurisdição forense de Santa Fé do Sul, também sente as consequências negativas decorrentes da atividade, mormente os impactos ambientais no sistema hídrico, seguidos dos impactos sociais. Nesse cenário, poderiam se alavancar e maximizar os aspectos econômicos produzidos, além de contribuir para evitar esses prejuízos causados ao meio ambiente e social, dentre os quais mencionam-se: o conhecimento, a formação, a orientação de profissionais capacitados, e com este estudo, dentre outros, destacar os principais impactos econômicos, ambientais e sociais causados pela tilapicultura na microrregião de Jales, sobretudo em Santa Fé do Sul, e elencar boas práticas na tilapicultura. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nos acervos públicos e privados e na rede virtual disponível será a base do estudo, sintetizada por meio dos raciocínios dedutivo e indutivo que levarão às conclusões. Deste modo, entendeu-se que as proposições iniciais desta tese foram contempladas em sua maior parte. Acredita-se que este estudo contribuirá para o conhecimento da área, o planejamento, a orientação dos produtores de peixes de modo geral. Concluiu-se que o cultivo de tilápias em tanques-rede na microrregião de Jales se deu, até o presente momento, de forma aleatória, por meio de um processo “praticamente casual”, que não se construiu de modo orientado, planejado, técnico, científico; pelo contrário, os produtores em geral, até mesmo os que atualmente são considerados grandes, iniciaram suas produções de forma “leiga”, intuitivamente, instintivamente, sem um mínimo de conhecimento técnico, acadêmico, profissional, real, sólido e seguro sobre o assunto. SUSTAINABILITY IN FISH FARMING IN POND CULTURE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE MICROREGION OF JALES/SP ABSTRACT The study covers the area of the pond culture of tilapia, fish farming in ponds in Santa Fé do Sul, which has gained expressiveness in the State, as the largest producer in tons. The location is formed by the Grande and Paranaíba Rivers, which result from the damming of the Ilha Solteira-SP hydroelectric plant. The city has become a dynamic production center, with an estimated production (formal and informal) for the 2018/2019 harvest of 40,320,000 kilograms. However, the micro-region of Jales, under the jurisdiction of Santa Fé do Sul, also feels the negative consequences resulting from the activity, especially the environmental impacts on the water system, followed by social impacts. In this scenario, the economic aspects produced might be maximized and leveraged, in addition to contributing to avoid these environmental and social damages, among which are included: knowledge, training, and orientation from capable professionals, and with this study, among others, to highlight the main economic, environmental, and social impacts caused by in the microregion of Jales, especially in Santa Fé do Sul, and to list good practices in the pond culture of tilapia. The bibliographical research conducted in public and private collections and in the available virtual network will be the basis of the study, synthesized by means of deductive and inductive reasoning that will lead to the conclusions. Therefore, it was understood that the initial propositions of this thesis were mostly contemplated. It is believed that this study will contribute to the knowledge of the area, planning, and the orientation of fish producers in general. It was concluded that the culture of tilapias in ponds in the micro-region of Jales has happened, up to this very moment, in a random way, through a "practically casual" process, that has not been built in an oriented, planned, technical, scientific way; on the contrary, the producers in general, even the ones that are currently considered as large, started their productions in a " non-technical" way, intuitively, instinctively, without a minimum of technical, academic, professional, real, solid, and safe knowledge on the subject. Keywords: Pond culture of tilapia; Best practices; Impacts.

X-ray Micro-Tomography as a Method to Distinguish and Characterize Natural and Cultivated Pearls

Digital radiography and computed tomography are two fundamental diagnostic techniques in different fields of research, including cultural heritage studies and gemmology. The application of these physical methods of investigation has gained considerable importance as they are non-invasive techniques. The presented work has been mainly focused on micro-tomographic analysis. The project is concerned with the study of natural and cultivated pearls in order to develop an investigation methodology for the analysis, distinction and characterization of different types of pearls, some of them belonging to different precious jewels from private collections. The investigations, carried out on a total of 22 heterogeneous types of pearls, allowed us to establish their origin (natural or cultivated) or to confirm/deny if a hypothesis was already expressed, and as well to highlight the cultivation methodology used case by case. Furthermore, it was possible to ascertain how large and varied the market for cultured pearls is nowadays and how difficult is, in some particular cases, to ascertain their attribution to a certain origin.

EMPLOYING THE MATERIALS OF MUSEUMS OF THE WORLD FOR MASTERING VOCATIONAL VOCABULARY BY STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF THEORY AND HISTORY OF ART

Involving exhibits of the world-famous museums in studying professional vocabulary at the lessons of foreign language for art critics. This article researches the process of modernizing traditional teaching methods and teaching methodology in the current situation of changes in education system of Ukraine and new laws and reforms, issued recently. Due to the fact, that Ukraine have been integrating into European society, alterations involve evaluation and main principles of teaching in the universities of Ukraine. One of them is targeting at studying vocational vocabulary rather than general English. This generates the need for researching and finding the new ways for teaching the students of a certain faculty and certain specialization. In order to make lessons of foreign language contemporary and increase their effectiveness and studying results, the general ways of teaching should be adapted for the students of different professions. The particularities of the profession must be taken into consideration and the chain of new exercises must be developed. This will lead to the increase of motivation and will make studying process more various and topical. The article contributes in the developing of teaching methods for the students of art critic faculty. It is based on the practical work and practical study. The ideas, given in the article, have been put into practice, developed and improved during the practical lessons. One of the fundamental differences between professional direction and teaching general English is involving real professional situations in studying process. The novelty of the article is in the fact that as the profession of art criticism is quite rare, so far very little information could have been be found and very little research has been made. Practical exercises, considered in the article, involve the work with exhibits of the most prominent world museums and galleries. These ideas are based on the fact that a museum should be an expected place of work for the future art critic. Painting analysis is the most important skill, which should be acquired while studying. Direct work with the texts, attached to museum exhibits has been suggested, analysis of the rare exhibits from private collections has been offered in the article. Exercises, involving various types of memorizing material and developing such language skills as speaking, listening, information proceeding have been researched.