scholarly journals Vegetation and pollen rain relationship from the tropical Atlantic rain forest in Southern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Behling ◽  
Raquel R. B. Negrelle
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Pollen Traps

The relationship between the southern Brazilian tropical Atlantic lowland rain forest and modern pollen rain was studied by pollen traps. The study was carried out on a one hectare plot undisturbed rain forest of the reserve Volta Velha and two secondary forests, ± 50 and 7 years old. About 248 identified tree, shrub and herb species (excluding epiphytes) of 50 families were represented by 126 different pollen and spore types (including non-local taxa). The calculated average influx of pollen rain from the native Atlantic rain forest was 12465 pollen grains per cm² and year. The influx from the ± 50 years old and from the 7 years old secondary forest was relatively low (4112 and 3667 grains per cm² and year, respectively) compared to the undisturbed rain forest. The occurrence of pollen grains of herbs and fern spores were significantly higher in the secondary forests than in the undisturbed rain forest.

Seed mass and light requirements for regeneration in Southeast Asian rain forest

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Metcalfe ◽  
P. J. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Light Requirement ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Light Requirements ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species

Seed mass values are given for 140 species of primary lowland rain forest and associated secondary forests in Singapore. Among shade-tolerant species of primary forest there is a trend for a decrease in mean seed mass with tall trees > woody climbers > small trees > shrubs > herbs; the differences between tall trees and small trees or shrubs or herbs, and between herbs and small trees or woody climbers are significant. There are a few light-demanding herbs or shrubs in the primary forest; among small trees, light demanders have significantly lower seed mass values than shade tolerators. In 9 out of 13 comparisons within taxa including both shade tolerants and light demanders the former had appreciably larger seeds than the latter. Two out of 13 comparisons involved very small seeded shade tolerators, and one a notably large-seed light demander. Many shade-tolerant herbs, shrubs, and trees have seed mass values much smaller than those of trees of secondary forest conventionally regarded as small seeded, and exploit moist, litter-free sites, e.g., steep microslopes. The trees of secondary forests on degraded soils do not differ significantly in seed mass from those on nondegraded soils. Key words: seed mass, light requirement, regeneration, tropical rain forest, phylogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals A new modern pollen dataset describing the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Montade ◽  
Marie-Pierre Ledru ◽  
Thomas Giesecke ◽  
Suzette GA Flantua ◽  
Hermann Behling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Modern Pollen

To improve our understanding of the Atlantic Forest responses to climate changes in space and time, it is essential to explore how the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest is structured as observed in modern pollen assemblages and which climate parameters determine these patterns. In this context, we compiled 196 modern pollen samples including 125 from the Atlantic Forest biome and assigned each sample to one or more eco-physiognomies. We identified seven eco-physiognomies of which four clusters of one or two eco-physiognomies were clearly distinguished, namely (1) Araucaria forest with high elevation grassland, (2) lowland rain forest, (3) semi-deciduous with riverine forests and (4) northeastern Atlantic rain forest. Climatically distinct, these clusters reflect a general temperature increase and precipitation increase from the first to the fourth cluster. Furthermore, comparison of the modern pollen dataset with the Côlonia pollen record from southeastern Brazil revealed that vegetation attributed to Araucaria forest with high elevation grassland showed an important variability with several shifts towards the lowland rain forest. As illustrated by comparison with the long fossil pollen record of Côlonia, developing such a modern training set is crucial for the understanding of responses of Atlantic Forest to environmental changes. However, additional samples are still necessary to improve characterization of different eco-physiognomies at a local scale following a defined floristic and climatic gradient. This sampling effort is becoming increasing urgent as a result of strong biodiversity loss and habitat destruction in this region.

Hydroclimate influences on modern pollen rain of upland southeastern Amazonia

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-732
Author(s):  
Edilson Freitas da Silva ◽  
Karen da Silva Lopes ◽  
Ronnie Alves ◽  
Léa Maria Medeiros Carreira ◽  
Delmo Fonseca da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Opposite Case ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Pollen Traps ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Rain Data

For accurate interpretations of palaeopalynological data, it is important to understand the influence of the current vegetation composition and characteristics on the formation of the palynological assemblage recorded in artificial or natural pollen traps. Therefore, in this study, modern pollen rain was characterized using artificial pollen traps under different ecological conditions and climatic seasons in Trilha da Mata Lake, Carajás North Ridge, southeastern Amazonia. The collection of pollen rain data comprises the total period from September 2015 to August 2016. There were two periods of low rainfall (September to December 2015 and May to August 2016) and one period of high rainfall (January to April 2016). The first two periods were represented by a predominance of canga vegetation pollen relative to forest pollen. Under dry conditions, the associations among the taxa Aparisthmium/Alchornea, Myrcia and Bellucia dichotoma were considered important for forest ecosystems, while those among Pleroma, Hyptis parkeri, Borreria and Perama carajensis were considered important for canga ecosystems. Under wet conditions, the forests were well represented by Schefflera, Anthurium lindmanianum, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens and Glycydendron, and the most represented canga vegetation in the pollen rain were Poaceae undif., Miconia, M. acutistipula var. ferrea and Psychotria. Aparisthmium/Alchornea and Poaceae undif. Aparisthmium/Alchornea was related to periods of low water availability, and Poaceae undif. was associated with marshy or flooded environments. Thus, an increase in the influx of Poaceae undif. pollen grains was determined by variations in the extension of flooded areas, indicating an increase in the amount of rainfall and not the opposite case. Thus, future studies on vegetation reconstruction must consider modern pollen assemblages to precisely determine paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate conditions during sediment deposition.

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

Shrimp abundance and habitat relationships in tropical rain-forest streams, Sarawak, Borneo

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Iwata ◽  
Mikio Inoue ◽  
Shigeru Nakano ◽  
Hitoshi Miyasaka ◽  
Atsushi Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Forest Streams

Microhabitat use and habitat-abundance relationships of four freshwater shrimps, Atyopsis moluccensis, Macrobrachium pilimanus, Macrobrachium trompii and Macrobrachium neglectum, were surveyed in tropical streams running through primary and secondary forests in Borneo, East Malaysia. Underwater observations revealed that A. moluccensis preferred relatively high water velocity and a boulder substrate. Macrobrachium pilimanus also preferred high water velocity and a cobble substrate, whereas M. trompii occupied stream margins with slow current and fine substrates (from POM (particulate organic matter) to pebbles). In contrast, M. neglectum was distributed relatively evenly through the stream channel. The abundance of A. moluccensis, M. pilimanus and M. trompii in the stream reaches was best explained by the abundance of boulders, cobbles and POM, respectively, suggesting that the amount of preferred microhabitat is an important factor affecting shrimp abundances in the tropical rain-forest streams. The primary-forest reaches were dominated by coarse substrates, such as cobbles and boulders, while a great proportion of the streambeds in the secondary-forest reaches were covered with sand. Owing probably to such habitat differences, the abundance of both A. moluccensis and M. pilimanus, which preferred coarse substrates, was less in the secondary- than in the primary-forest reaches. These suggested that loss of preferred habitat, namely decreased coarse substrate availability, by sedimentation resulting from riparian deforestation had altered the shrimp assemblage structures.

Predation on exposed and leaf-rolling artificial caterpillars in tropical forests of Papua New Guinea

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Tvardikova ◽  
Vojtech Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests

Abstract:Although predation is generally seen as one of the key factors determining the abundance and composition of insect herbivore communities in tropical rain forests, quantitative estimates of predation pressure in rain-forest habitats remain rare. We compared incidence of attacks of different natural enemies on semi-concealed and exposed caterpillars (Lepidoptera) in lowland and montane tropical rain forests, using plasticine models of caterpillars. We recorded attacks on caterpillars in four habitats: primary forest, secondary forest and forest fragment in lowlands (200 m asl), and montane primary forest (1700 m asl). We used 300 exposed and 300 semi-concealed caterpillars daily, and conducted the experiment for 6 d in every habitat. Daily incidence of attacks was higher on exposed caterpillars (4.95%) than on semi-concealed (leaf-rolling) caterpillars (2.99%). Attack pressure of natural enemies differed also among habitats. In the lowlands, continuous primary and secondary forests had similar daily incidence of attacks (2.39% and 2.36%) which was however lower than that found in a primary forest fragment (4.62%). This difference was caused by higher incidence of attacks by birds, ants and wasps in the forest fragment. The most important predators were birds in montane rain forests (61.9% of identified attacks), but insect predators, mostly ants, in the lowlands (58.3% of identified attacks). These results suggest that rapid decrease in the abundance of ants with altitude may be compensated by increased importance of birds as predators in montane forests. Further, it suggests that small rain-forest fragments may suffer from disproportionately high pressure from natural enemies, with potentially serious consequences for survival of their herbivorous communities.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of oribatid mites (Acari:Oribatida) in a lowland rain forest in Peru and in several environments of the Brazilians States of Amazonas, Rondônia, Roraima and Pará

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Franklin ◽  
E. M. R. Santos ◽  
M. I. C. Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Primary Forests

We are summarizing the current state of knowledge of the diversity and distribution of oribatid mites in 26 environments in northern Brazil and of a rain forest in Peru. the published studies were mostly concentrated in central amazon. Only one report is a result from an agricultural polyculture. We are providing the first lists of species for savannas and for the brazilian states of Roraima and Pará. up to date, 146 species are definitively identified from a total of 444 taxa with 188 known genera, reinforcing the notion of a rich biodiverse area. the high number of 298 non-described species (morphospecies) clearly shows the inadequacy of the current taxonomic knowledge for the region. most of the registers are from forest environments. in the soil from primary forests, we registered the highest diversity (54-155 species/morphospecies). eighty-nine species were unique to primary forests, followed by 34 for savannas, 32 in trees, 10 in "igapó", 4 in caatinga, 3 in secondary forests, two in "várzea" and one in polyculture. twenty genera were the most speciose. the species with the largest home ranges were Rostrozetes foveolatus, Scheloribates sp. a, and Galumna sp. a. our numbers reflect the lack of taxonomists and show that the taxonomic knowledge must be improved for the region or we will continue to work with taxonomic resolution of order or family and a high percentage of morphospecies, which will probably be appropriate to the question being asked in each study, but not for a comparison among environments.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents from the Infusion of Zollernia ilicifolia Vog. and Comparison with Maytenus Species

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Gomes Coelho ◽  
Luiz Claudio Di Stasi ◽  
Wagner Vilegas
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Maytenus Ilicifolia ◽  
C Nmr

The new flavonoid glycoside kaempferol-3-O-α→ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl(1→ 2)-O-[α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl( 1→6)]-O-β-ᴅ-galactopyranoside-7-O-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranoside was isolated together with (S)-zierin from the leaves of Zollernia ilicifolia (Fabaceae), a medicinal plant used as analgesic and antiulcerogenic effects in Brazilian Tropical Atlantic Rain Forest. The structures were established on the basis of 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR (COSY, HMBC, HMQC), UV, MS and IV spectra. The infusion of Zollernia ilicifolia was qualitatively compared to the infusion of the espinheiras-santas (Maytenus aquifolium and Maytenus ilicifolia) by HPLCDAD

scholarly journals Sandfly fauna in a military training area endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Atlantic Rain Forest region of Pernambuco, Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sandra Andrade ◽  
Hélio França Valença ◽  
Amilton Lopes da Silva ◽  
Francisco de Assis Almeida ◽  
Ericka Lima Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Training Area

The aim of this study was to characterize the sandfly fauna in a military training area situated in the "Zona da Mata" region of Pernambuco State, Brazil, where human cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) had been observed, caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The occurrence of 16 sandfly species in the Marshall Newton Cavalcanti Military Training Camp (CIMNC) indicates an important diversity of sandfly species in this study area. Lutzomyia complexa was the most common species (51.36%) followed by L. choti (43.54%). All the captures were made in areas where training activities were conducted and where clinical cases had been detected in individuals performing training, following this period. The data relating the sandfly behavior to previous data in the same area provides strong evidence for the occurrence of an enzootic cycle of the parasite, and outbreaks followed the period of training activities in the remaining Atlantic Rain Forest and secondary forest areas.

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