Histopathological and molecular characterization of encephalitic listeriosis in small ruminants from northern Paraná, Brazil

Abstract BackgroundPoxviruses within the Capripoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, and Parapoxvirus genera can infect livestock, with the two former presenting also zoonotic importance. In addition, they induce similar clinical symptoms in common host species, creating a challenge for diagnosis. Although endemic in the country, poxvirus infections of small ruminants and cattle have received little attention in Botswana, and there was no prior attempt of using molecular tools to diagnose the diseases and characterize the pathogens.MethodsA high-resolution melting (HRM) assay was used to detect and differentiate poxviruses in samples from four cattle (from Mahalapye, Kasane, and Molepolole), one sheep (from Jwaneng), and one goat (from Kasane). Molecular characterization of capripoxviruses and parapoxviruses was undertaken by sequence analysis of RPO30 and GPCR genes.ResultsThe HRM assay revealed lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in three cattle samples, pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in one cattle sample, and orf virus (ORFV) in one goat and one sheep sample. The phylogenetic analyses, based on the RPO30 and GPCR, and the inspection of the multiple sequence alignments showed that the LSDV sequences of Botswana were more like those of common LSDV field isolates encountered in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Botswana PCPV presented unique features and clustered between camel isolates and cattle isolates of the PCPV group. The Botswana ORFV from goat differed from the ORFV collected in sheep.ConclusionsThis study is the first report on the genetic characterization of pox virus diseases circulating in cattle, goats, and sheep in Botswana. It shows the importance of molecular methods to differentially diagnose pox virus diseases of ruminants.

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Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species in sheep and goats in Egypt

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2561-2567 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2561-2567

Author(s):

Walid S. Mousa ◽

Ahmed A. Zaghawa ◽

Ahmed M. Elsify ◽

Mohamed A. Nayel ◽

Zarroug H. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Systemic Reaction ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Mycoplasma Species ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Sheep And Goats

Background and Aim: Mycoplasma infection in small ruminants is a serious problem in sheep and goat herds around the world. It is responsible for high economic losses and decreased animal productivity. This study aimed to highlight the clinical, histopathological, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species in sheep and goats in Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 234 samples were collected; 104 samples were collected from pneumonic lung tissues from the abattoir, in addition, 10 and 20 samples collected from apparently and diseased sheep, respectively, and 40 and 60 samples were collected from apparently and diseased goats, respectively, which were subjected to isolation onto pleuropneumonia-like organism medium. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histopathological examination, and determination of the MIC were also performed. Results: Of 104 samples of lung tissues showing pneumonic lesions, 56 (53.84%) were positive for Mycoplasma isolation. The positive isolation of Mycoplasma from 10 and 20 samples from apparently and diseased sheep was 30% and 40%, respectively as well as the positive isolation of Mycoplasma was 17% and 56.66% out of 40 and 60 apparently healthy and diseased field goat's cases, respectively. All the diseased sheep and goats showed respiratory manifestations, including cough, bilateral nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and systemic reaction. Evaluation of the MIC for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae revealed that lincospectin and tylosin were the most effective antibiotics at 2.5 μg/mL. Histopathological examination of affected lung tissue showed extensive hemorrhagic pneumonia with extensive alveolar hemorrhage. The PCR technique proved to be a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for the detection of M. ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma arginini at 390 and 326 bp, respectively. Conclusion: M. ovipneumoniae and M. arginini were the most prevalent species associated with respiratory infections in sheep and goats in the study area. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of these species in dissemination of the disease within herds of small ruminants.

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Studies on Molecular Characterization of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Field Samples of Small Ruminants

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.096 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 771-776

Author(s):

B.N. Paramesh A. Basavaraj ◽

S.J. Arun R. Bhoyar

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Field Samples

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First molecular characterization of poxviruses in cattle, sheep, and goats in Botswana

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01634-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Boitumelo Magret Modise ◽

Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli ◽

Tebogo Kgotlele ◽

Dingrong Xue ◽

Kebonyemodisa Ntesang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Lumpy Skin Disease ◽

Multiple Sequence Alignments ◽

Prior Use

Abstract Background Poxviruses within the Capripoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, and Parapoxvirus genera can infect livestock, with the two former having zoonotic importance. In addition, they induce similar clinical symptoms in common host species, creating a challenge for diagnosis. Although endemic in the country, poxvirus infections of small ruminants and cattle have received little attention in Botswana, with no prior use of molecular tools to diagnose and characterize the pathogens. Methods A high-resolution melting (HRM) assay was used to detect and differentiate poxviruses in skin biopsy and skin scab samples from four cattle, one sheep, and one goat. Molecular characterization of capripoxviruses and parapoxviruses was undertaken by sequence analysis of RPO30 and GPCR genes. Results The HRM assay revealed lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in three cattle samples, pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in one cattle sample, and orf virus (ORFV) in one goat and one sheep sample. The phylogenetic analyses, based on the RPO30 and GPCR multiple sequence alignments showed that the LSDV sequences of Botswana were similar to common LSDV field isolates encountered in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The Botswana PCPV presented unique features and clustered between camel and cattle PCPV isolates. The Botswana ORFV sequence isolated from goat differed from the ORFV sequence isolated from sheep. Conclusions This study is the first report on the genetic characterization of poxvirus diseases circulating in cattle, goats, and sheep in Botswana. It shows the importance of molecular methods to differentially diagnose poxvirus diseases of ruminants.

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