scholarly journals Predation of the Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Aves: Emberizidae) on Merostachys neesii (Poaceae: Babusoideae) seeds during a masting event in the Atlantic forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Cestari ◽  
Cláudio João Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Predatory Impact

The Buffy-fronted Seedeater Sporophila frontalis (Verreaux, 1869) is frequently found foraging on seeds during ephemeral masting events of bamboos in the Atlantic forest. In the present study, we analyzed the predation activity of S. frontalis on seeds of Merostachys neesii Rupr. during a masting event in an Atlantic forest reserve on southeastern Brazil. We conducted point counts in spots with M. neesii and in spots without bamboos along trails to determine the presence of S. frontalis on M. neesii clumps. Additionally, focal observations on bamboo clumps and seed traps were used to verify the predatory impact of S. frontalis on M. neesii seeds. S. frontalis was present in 6 out 18 point counts in M. neesii clumps. The seedeater behaved territorially in bamboo clumps and presented a mean predation rate of 1.10 bamboo seeds/minute. Seed traps had up to 80% of the seeds predated. The large amount of seeds available during bamboo masting events probably contributes to the maintenance of wandering populations of S. frontalis in the Atlantic forest. On the other hand, the predation of seeds by S. frontalis may reduce the reproductive germination and the propagation of the bamboos whose growth may in turn negatively affect the establishment of other forest species.

scholarly journals Differential trappability of small mammals in three habitats of Southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Vieira ◽  
C. E. V. Grelle ◽  
R. Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Forest Reserve

We compared the trappability of marked and unmarked individuals in species of marsupials and rodents of three tropical assemblages of small mammals in Brazil. Two studies used trapping grids, one in cerrado and the other in an Atlantic forest reserve, whereas the study in a rural area used transects. In the two studies using trapping grids, marked animals were frequently more trappable than unmarked ones, but in some species this difference was not significant. In the rural area, marked and unmarked animals did not differ significantly. The number of recaptures per resident animal was higher in the two studies using trapping grids than in the rural area where transects were used. Differences in trappability between the three studies might have been caused by differences not only in trapping design (grids vs. transects), but also in the type of trap used, bait, and habitat. Although differential trappability tends to be considered the rule in small mammals, these results suggest that trappability of marked and unmarked animals may be specific for the particular combination of sampling design, field methods, and habitat under study.

scholarly journals Natural history of the lizard Enyalius brasiliensis (Lesson, 1828) (Leiosauridae) from an Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Sluys ◽  
V. M. Ferreira ◽  
C. F. D. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Food Items ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter

Information on the ecology of lizard species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is scarce and almost nothing is known about the ecology of lizards of the genus Enyalius. In this study, we provide information about some aspects of the natural history of E. brasiliensis from an area of Atlantic Forest in Ilha Grande, RJ. Enyalius brasiliensis (N = 15) feeds mainly on arthropods. The most frequent food items were insect larvae, orthopterans, and ants; in terms of volume, larvae and termites were the most important food items; ants and termites were the most numerous prey categories. Two females were reproductive (one had 10 and the other, five vitellogenic follicles); the smallest measured 92.4 mm in SVL. Seven lizards were found on forest leaf litter. The other microhabitats used were vines, fallen logs, branches, and a crevice on a slope.

scholarly journals The importance of riparian forest for the maintenance of bird species richness in an Atlantic Forest remnant, southern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz dos Anjos ◽  
Graziele H. Volpato ◽  
Edson V. Lopes ◽  
Patrícia P. Serafini ◽  
Fabíola Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Forest Remnant

We compared the composition and guild structure of bird communities of riparian and upland forest in an Atlantic forest reserve, the Godoy State Park (GP), in northern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Unlimited distance point counts were sampled monthly from September-December 2001, along four trails. Two trails in upland forest (TA and TB) were parallel to each other and about 300 m apart. Two trails in riparian forest (TC and TD) were along the Apertados River, about 100 m away from the river. A total of 145 species were recorded: 81 species were recorded in both upland and riparian forests, 19 species were recorded only in upland forest and 45 species were recorded exclusively in riparian forest. Among the 81 species occurring in both forest types, 18 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the riparian forest while only 8 species had significantly higher numbers of contacts in the upland forest. Taking into account the contacts numbers of the species the large frugivores guild was closely associated to the upland forest, while bamboo and vine-tangles insectivore, canopy insectivores, edge omnivores, ground omnivore and midstory insectivores were those more closely related to the riparian forest.

scholarly journals Attraction to conspecifcs in Rhinella icterica and R. ornata tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Polettini Neto ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Innate Behavior

Abstract: Tadpoles are able to perceive and discriminate signals from environment and they may use this ability in behaviors and ecological processes. Recognition mechanisms may be involved in schooling by means of attraction among individuals, characterizing a social process. By means of laboratory experiments the present study investigated the presence or absence of attraction to conspecifics in tadpoles of Rhinella icterica and R. ornata, two sympatric species from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. We collected eggs of these two species in the field and reared them in laboratory according to two different methods (isolated or in groups of siblings). Tadpoles were submitted to experiments of choice between conspecifics, heterospecifics, and an empty compartment. Rhinella icterica tadpoles preferred to associate with conspecifics rather than R. ornata tadpoles, and we verified this is an innate behavior. Rhinella ornata tadpoles failed to discriminate between conspecifics and R. icterica tadpoles. When submitted to choice between a group of tadpoles of the other species and an empty compartment, R. icterica tadpoles presented random distribution, while R. ornata tadpoles preferred to associate with heterospecifics. Our results indicate R. icterica tadpoles have preference to associate with conspecifics, while R. ornata tadpoles may school indiscriminately. This study contributes for a better understanding of larval anuran social behavior.

scholarly journals The orchid-bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of ‘RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala’ revisited: relevant changes in community composition

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nemésio ◽  
IRC. Paula
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Eulaema Nigrita

The orchid-bee fauna of ‘Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala’, a 957-ha preserve of Atlantic Forest in eastern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, was surveyed 12 years after the first inventory in the area. Orchid-bee males were actively collected with insect nets when attracted to seventeen chemical compounds used as scent baits. Three hundred and nineteen males belonging to nine species were collected during 40 hours in late December, 2011, when orchid bees are supposedly more active. Euglossa despecta Moure, 1968, one of the dominant species in the area 12 years ago, was not recorded in the present study. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841, on the other hand, represented only 16% of the collected bees in 1999 and 61% in the present study. Possible causes and consequences of these changes are discussed.

Unexplored richness: discovery of 31 new species of Giant Pill-Millipedes endemic to Madagascar, with a special emphasis on microendemism (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2097 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS WESENER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Littoral Forest ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Established Species ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Montane Rainforest

Thirty-one new species of giant pill-millipedes (order Sphaerotheriida) endemic to Madagascar are described: Zoosphaerium haackeri n. sp., Z. album n. sp., Z. discolor n. sp., Z. mitoho n. sp., Z. pulchellum n. sp., Z. endemicum n. sp., Z. xerophilum n. sp., Z. aureum n. sp., Z. pseudopriapus n. sp., Z. pseudoplatylabum n. sp., Z. solitarium n. sp., Z. tsingy n. sp., Z. corystoides n. sp., Z. broelemanni n. sp., Z. amabile n. sp., Z. trichordum n. sp., Z. smaragdinum n. sp., Z. ambrense n. sp., Z. isalo n. sp., Z. bilobum n. sp., Z. tampolo n. sp., Z. ignotum n. sp., Z. tainkintana n. sp., Z. viridissimum n. sp., Z. denticulatum n. sp., Z. pseudoblandum n. sp., Z. micropiligerum n. sp., Z. pseudopiligerum n. sp., Z. analavelona n. sp. and Z. fisheri n. sp., and Microsphaerotherium anjozorobe n. sp.. Twenty-eight of the Zoosphaerium species already fit into established species-groups. A key to all 55 recognizable Malagasy Sphaerotheriida species is given. Forty-two of the 55 giant pill-millipede species are ecosystem endemics, while 26 are geographically microendemic. The number of microendemic species is disproportionately distributed among Malagasy ecosystems. All 13 species restricted to the montane rainforest as well as all five species restricted to the Eastern littoral forest are microendemic. On the other hand, only two out of seven dry forest species, one out of seven rainforest species and one out of five spiny forest species are microendemics. A special emphasis is placed on two species endemic to the unique Western rainforest site of Analavelona, which is currently not protected.

scholarly journals EFEITO DE EMBALAGENS, AMBIENTES E PERÍODOS DE ARMAZENAMENTO NA GERMINAÇÃO E NO VIGOR DAS SEMENTES DE CEDRO (Cedrela odorata) EM MANAUS - AM

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iza Maria Paiva Batista ◽  
Antenor Francisco de Figueiredo ◽  
Aldilane Mendonça da Silva ◽  
Têres Antônio Fabrício da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Forest Seeds

A conservação de sementes de espécies florestais é prática fundamental para o melhor aproveitamento da produção de mudas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes embalagens, ambientes e períodos de armazenamento de Cedrela odorata L., na conservação da viabilidade e vigor das sementes. As sementes foram submetidas a três períodos de armazenamento (3, 6 e 9 meses) mais testemunha, acondicionadas em saco plástico e de papel, nas condições de geladeira e ambiente natural. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, com cinco repetições de 20 sementes. Analisaram-se as seguintes variáveis: a porcentagem de germinação e a formação de plântulas normais. Os resultados indicaram que as sementes armazenadas na condição ambiente natural apresentaram redução drástica na germinação e na formação de plântulas normais ao longo dos períodos de armazenamento, enquanto na geladeira a redução foi menos intensa. Quanto ao tipo de embalagem, não foi constatado efeito, independentemente do ambiente de armazenamento. Concluiu-se que a condição geladeira foi eficiente para preservar a germinação e vigor das sementes de cedro.Palavras-chave:  Sementes florestais; viabilidade; condição de armazenamento; umidade; temperatura. AbstractPackages, environment and storage periods effects in germination and vigor of cedar (Cedrela odorata) seeds in Manaus, AM. Conservation of seeds of forest species is an important practice for the best use of seedlings production. According to that, this research aimed to evaluate effects of different packaging, environments and periods of storage of Cedrela odorata in conservation of viability and vigor of seeds. The seeds had been submitted to three periods of storage (3, 6 and 9 months) plus control, conditioned in plastic and paper, in refrigerator and natural environment conditions. The adopted delineation was entirely casualized in factorial scheme, with 5 repetitions of 20 seeds. It was analyzed the following variables: percentage of germination and formation of normal plantule. Results indicated that seeds stored in natural surrounding condition had presented drastic reduction in the germination and formation of normal plantule throughout storage periods, on the other hand, in refrigerator condition reduction had been less intense. In relation to the kind of packaging it was not identify any effect, independently of storage environment. It revealed that refrigerator conditions were efficient to preserve germination and vigor of cedar seeds.Keywords: Forest seeds; viability; storage conditions; humidity; temperature.

A new species of Cardioscarta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil and key to species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4527 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
NATHALIA H. PECLY ◽  
VICTOR QUINTAS ◽  
RODNEY R. CAVICHIOLI ◽  
GABRIEL MEJDALANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
A New Species

The South American genus Cardioscarta Melichar, 1932 includes seven species of colorful sharpshooters. Here we describe and illustrate an additional species, C. aurantia sp. nov., from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil (state of Rio de Janeiro). The new taxon can be distinguished by the dark brown to black forewing with two large orange areas, one from basal portion of corium to distal portions of discal cells and another covering most of clavus, or with single large orange area on basal two-thirds. A key to species of Cardioscarta is provided and the new species is compared with the other ones of the genus. 

A new species of Leposoma (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with four fingers from the Atlantic Forest central corridor in Bahia, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3635 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL TREFAUT RODRIGUES ◽  
MAURO JR. TEIXEIRA ◽  
RENATO SOUSA RECODER ◽  
FRANCISCO DAL VECHIO ◽  
ROBERTA DAMASCENO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Black Pigmentation ◽  
A New Species

Leposoma sinepollex sp. nov., a new species of the scincoides group, is described from a mountain region in the Atlantic Forest central corridor in state of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is characterized by elongate dorsal and lanceolate ventral scales arranged in diagonal rows, a single and smooth frontonasal, five supraoculars, absence of pollex, third toe as long as or longer than fourth, absence of striations in lower part of head, parietals longer than wide and as long as interparietal, 27–29 dorsals, 25–29 scales around body, 17–19 ventrals, 12–14 total pores in the male (absent in females), 9–10 and 9–11 subdigital lamellae respectively under IV Finger and IV Toe, and strong sexual color dichromatism with a black pigmentation in the ventral parts of males, creamy in females. The new species is morphologically similar to Leposoma nanodactylus, sharing with it among other features the synapomorphic division of the first supraocular. Phylogenetic analyses of 981 bp of combined sequences (cyt b+ ND4) recovered also a strongly supported (PP=1,0; BP=100) sister relationship between both species. The new species and Leposoma nanodactylus are placed sister to all the other Atlantic Forest species, with L. baturitensis being the first to diverge in this radiation. We discuss the distribution of the Atlantic Forest Leposoma, as well as possible scenarios for the origin of the new species.

A new species of Chresta (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) endemic to the Mata Atlântica Domain, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi ◽  
Benoit Francis Patrice Loeuille ◽  
José Rubens Pirani
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
Mata Atlantica ◽  
A New Species

Chresta filicifolia is described and illustrated. It is a perennial herb known only from open vegetation on top of small rock outcrops at the Rio Doce Valley in Eastern Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. This is the first record of a species of Chresta endemic to a phytogeographic domain other than the Cerrado and Caatinga, since those outcrops are included in the Mata Atlântica Domain (Atlantic Forest). The new species is closely related to C. harleyi and C. hatschbachii, but differs from these by its leaves, which are larger and more deeply lobed than those of the other two species, and also by its florets and cypselae, which are both larger in Chresta filicifolia. Moreover, the two other species are allopatric from C. filicifolia, being restricted to the Caatinga Domain. The southernmost distribution of C. harleyi lies more than 500 km away from the locality where the new species is found, making this discovery unexpected, and raising interesting biogeographical questions, which are briefly addressed here.

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