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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Petrishchev

With the development of optoelectronic technologies, it became possible to use a qualitative criterion for seed separation – their spectrometric properties, reflecting the degree of viability and germination. In the detection system of optoelectronic devices, it is possible to achieve a complete absence of mechanical interaction with the seed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Demidov

Due to the presence in the forest fund of the Russian Federation of a sufficient number of areas that are inaccessible, unsuitable or inefficient for the use of ground-based mechanization tools (felling, burning, forest canopy, ravine-beam network, slopes), it is advisable to sow forest seeds from the air using unmanned aircraft systems.


Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Mikhail Lysych ◽  
Leonid Bukhtoyarov ◽  
Denis Druchinin

Modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can be effectively used for aerial sowing of forests. A feature of aerial sowing is the possibility of rapid reforestation at low costs, which is extremely important in the current environmental situation. The purpose of this study is to develop a set of sowing devices intended for use with UAVs. For this, the metering devices and seed distribution devices were analyzed, used on the UAV or having prospects for such use. The existing studies of metering devices, implemented by numerical methods, are analyzed. Further, the synthesis of eight different designs of sowing devices in the 3D CAD was carried out and their comparative assessment was completed in terms of mass and a set of technological parameters. Based on its results, a sowing device was selected that is most suitable for a specific given technology. Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used to simulate the workflow: imitation of loading of the sowing device, study of work in various modes, study of the process of impact interaction of seeds with the soil environment. The complex of developed sowing devices can provide sowing of almost any type of forest seeds within the framework of various technologies and soil climatic conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Mikhail Drapalyuk ◽  
Nikita Ushakov ◽  
Nikolai Jujukin ◽  
Aleksey Zhuravlev

The analysis of sowing methods and existing types of seeders, which are used in forestry and agrotechnical complexes, as well as patent materials, is given. Analysis of domestic designs of SLP-M, SLU-5-20 and "Litva-25" seeders, intended for sowing small forest seeds in nurseries and open ground, showed that they are energy-intensive and do not always ensure the embedding of seeds in moist soil. The perspective directions of resource conservation in agriculture have been considered: sowing using "no-till" or "mini-do" technology, ensuring sowing of seeds in untreated and minimally cultivated soil. The combined seeder AGRATORDK is equipped with a disc cultivator and a seeder with gouters. The RAPIDRDA-450S seeder from VADERSTAD has spherical discs that cultivate soil in one pass. The presented methods of sowing and seeding devices have a significant drawback - the necessity of additional working bodies with a high probability of getting into the grooves of dry soil, moving the top layer of soil "back and forth." A gouter which can change the angle of entering the soil and planting depths of small forest seeds was developed. Preliminary laboratory studies have shown the operability of gouter mock-up specimen and the ability to cut the seed furrow by cutting out a layer of soil with void formation above the bottom of the seed furrow, into which seeds were fed through tubes from funnels. The seeds were embedded with a layer of soil under the influence of its own gravity


2021 ◽  
pp. 129-164
Author(s):  
Jigna G. Tank ◽  
Rohan V. Pandya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
Jose Vidal Cob-Uicab ◽  
◽  
Gilbert Jose Herrera-Cool ◽  
Carlos Roman Castillo-Martinez ◽  
Bartolo Rodriguez-Santiago ◽  
...  

The implementation of good farming practices in seed collecting is fundamental key to guarantee the physiological and genetic quality of forest seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the implementation of two methods to collect seedsfrom Cedrelaodorata L.toguarantee seeds of high physiologicalquality. Seeds from 40 superior phenotypically trees of Cedrelaodorata L. in Yucatan Mexico peninsula region were collected from March to May 2019.The collect methods applied in this research werethe traditionalcollectand the climb trees. The physiological quality of seeds wasevaluated by germination and tetrazolium test. The laboratory analysis confirmed 88% of seeds pure with 94% of germination in climbing trees method, in contrast in the traditional method showed 66% of seeds pure with 72% of germination. The results by conventional germination it was not showed significative statistical differences. These results are part of novel contributions in collectmethodology using tools to climb on trees which to be complement of superior phenotypically trees selection, contribute comprehensively to obtain physiological and genetic quality forest seeds.


FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Janisson Batista de Jesus ◽  
Robério Anastácio Ferreira ◽  
Dráuzio Correia Gama ◽  
Maria Fernanda Oliveira Torres

Knowing the relationship between the physical and physiological characteristics of native forest seeds is essential for the successful recovery of riparian forests. Thus, the work was carried out to analyze the physical and physiological parameters of seeds of native forest species for use in the recovery of riparian forests by direct seeding. Were evaluated the physical quality (water content, mass, the weight of one thousand seeds, and the number of seeds per kilogram), morphometric characteristics (length, width, and thickness), and physiological quality in the laboratory (viability) of Cassia grandis L.f., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., and Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya (Benth.) LPQueiroz. The experiment in the field was implanted in a randomized block design (RBD) with four blocks, testing seeds treated to overcome the four species dormancy. The direct sowing was in 10 planting lines, each composed of 10 pits (30 x 30 x 30 cm), spaced 2.0 x 1.0 m. E. contortisiliquum seeds, despite having the highest values for physical and morphometric characteristics, and having a high percentage of germination, was the species with the lowest percentage of emergence in the field, being below G. ulmifolia, which has seeds of smaller size and weight, and L. ferrea var. leiostachya which, despite having low germination, was the second with the highest percentage of emergence. The study allowed us to observe that there was no direct relationship between the physical and physiological attributes of forest seeds and their ability to emerge.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Nathany Alves de Andrade ◽  
Gilvan José Campelo dos Santos ◽  
Amanda de Lira Freitas ◽  
Ediglécia Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Maria José de Holanda Leite

ABTRACT: For decades, chemical products have shown efficiency in inhibiting pathogens associated with forest seeds, but due to the high cost and environmental impact caused by it, research to find more viable and sustainable alternatives has been Held. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume extract in the treatment of seeds of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. And to indicate the use of plant extracts as an alternative for the control of pathogens associated with Forest seeds. For the sanity test, 500 seeds collected in 2010 and 500 seeds collected in the year 2014 submitted to treatments with cinnamon extract were used in the following concentrations: T1: solution containing 100% sterile water (control); T2: Solution containing 25% of cinnamon extract and 75% of sterile water; T3: Solution containing 50% cinnamon extract and 50% of sterile water; T4: Solution containing 75% of cinnamon extract and 25% of sterile water; T5: Solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract. The health test lasted 10 days and after this period, the pathogen was evaluated, associated with the seeds of S. Brasiliensis, through the observations of the fungal structures through a stereoscopic and optic microscope, and the help of the literature Specialized. The means were analyzed by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability and the percentage values for the purposes of statistical analysis were transformed into arcsen√x/100.The treatment with solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract presented as the most efficient being the most suitable for the inhibition of pathogens associated with the forest seeds. Considering the results, we recommend the advancement of researches around the use of plant extracts as a solution for the treatment of forest seeds so that it becomes a viable alternative in the forestry sector. KEYWORDS: seeds, pathogens.


Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Arthur I. Novikov ◽  
Vladimir K. Zolnikov ◽  
Tatyana P. Novikova

Research Highlights: There is a problem of forest seeds quality assessment and grading afield in minimal costs. The grading quality of each seed coat color class is determined by the degree of its separation with a mobile optoelectronic grader. Background and Objectives: Traditionally, pine seeds are graded in size, but this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Seed coat color is individual for each forest seed and is caused to a low error in identifying the genetic features of seedling obtained from it. The principle on which the mobile optoelectronic grader operates is based on the optical signal detection reflected from the single seed. The grader can operate in scientific (spectral band analysis) mode and production (spectral feature grading) mode. When operating in production mode, it is important to determine the optimal engineering parameters of the grader that provide the maximum value of the separation degree of seed-color classes. For this purpose, a run of experiments was conducted on the forest seeds separation using a mobile optoelectronic grader and regression models of the output from factors were obtained. Materials and Methods: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed samples were obtained from cones of the 2019 harvest collected in a natural stand. The study is based on the Design of Experiments theory (DOE) using the Microsoft Excel platform. In each of three replications of each run from the experiment matrix, a mixture of 100 seeds of light, dark and light-dark fraction (n = 300) was used. Results: Interpretation of the obtained regression model of seed separation in the visible wavelength range (650–715 nm) shows that the maximum influence on the output—separation degree—is exerted by the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam. Next in terms of the influence power on the output are paired interactions: combinations of the wavelength with the angle of incidence and the wavelength with the grader’s seed pipe height. The minimum effect on the output is the wavelength of the detecting optical beam. Conclusions: The use of a mobile optoelectronic grader will eliminate the cost of transporting seeds to and from forest seed centers. To achieve a value of 0.97–1.0 separation degree of Scots pine seeds colored fractions, it is necessary to provide the following optimal engineering parameters of the mobile optoelectronic grader: the wavelength of optical radiation is 700 nm, the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam is 45° and the grader’s seed pipe height is 0.2 m.


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