scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

The laboratory estimation of the biological effects of organic pollutants

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 459-477 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Animal Community ◽  
Measured Response

The laboratory estimation of the toxic effects of organic pollutants relies on successive investigations of increasing sensitivity. Acute toxicity tests are useful in providing an index of relative toxicity between compounds but are of limited value for making ecological predictions. Many factors can influence the assessment of acute toxicity, with chemical stability of the test solutions and the species of test organisms employed being perhaps the most important of these. Many sub-lethal tests are also of limited value because the importance of the measured response for the well-being of the animal community as a whole is not established. The basic requirements of sub-lethal techniques are discussed, especially in relation to compounds which may exert their toxic action through accumulation in the tissues in the long term. The possibility of relating the toxicity of a compound to its chemical structure is considered.

A dip-stick type biosensor using bioluminescent bacteria encapsulated in color-coded alginate microbeads for detection of water toxicity

The Analyst ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (18) ◽  
pp. 4696-4701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insup Jung ◽  
Ho Bin Seo ◽  
Ji-eun Lee ◽  
Byoung Chan Kim ◽  
Man Bock Gu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Bioluminescent Bacteria ◽  
Water Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

The use of genetically engineered bioluminescent bacteria, in which bioluminescence is induced by different modes of toxic action, represents an alternative to acute toxicity tests using living aquatic organisms (plants, vertebrates, or invertebrates) in an aqueous environment.

The precision of daphnid (Daphnia magna Straus, 1820) static acute toxicity tests

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Gersich ◽  
F. A. Blanchard ◽  
S. L. Applegath ◽  
C. N. Park
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

Characterization of the Chemical Constituents and Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms of a Municipal Landfill Leachate

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Ernst ◽  
P. Hennigar ◽  
K. Doe ◽  
S. Wade ◽  
G. Julien
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Reference Spectrum ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Test Organisms

Abstract Samples of leachate were obtained at four locations in effluent streams from a municipal waste landfill near Halifax, Nova Scotia. Samples were analyzed for a number of physical and chemical parameters using standard laboratory procedures. Samples were also screened to identify organic chemicals by matching mass spectrometer output against a reference spectrum library. Static acute toxicity tests (48 h to 96 h) were also conducted on samples using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and water fleas (Daphnia magna) as test organisms. The acute toxicity of leachate was primarily due to its ammonia content; however, the chronic effects on aquatic organisms of the range of organic chemicals identified in these samples remains undetermined. Paradoxically, the leachate discharge to the receiving water body reduced the toxic potential of that water to the organisms tested.

The toxicity evaluation of wastewater from the chemical industry

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tišler ◽  
J. Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Test Organisms

The purpose of our investigation was the acute and chronic toxicity evaluation of the wastewater from the chemical industry, while the previous study had indicated high toxicity of the receiving streams far away from the point of wastewater inflow. The luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum and invertebrate Daphnia magna were used for toxicity tests. The results of the toxicity tests showed that the investigated wastewater contained toxic substances, which caused acute and chronic toxicity to test organisms. Daphnia magna were more sensitive than Photobacterium phosphoreum. The acute toxicity of the wastewater on daphnids disappeared after dilution to 1:420, but the chronic toxicity did not disappear earlier than 1:1350.

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