Resistance to Bt Maize in Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) From Vaalharts, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kruger ◽  
J.B.J. Van Rensburg ◽  
J. Van Den Berg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Resistance Status ofBusseola fusca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations to Single- and Stacked-Gene Bt Maize in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Strydom ◽  
A Erasmus ◽  
H du Plessis ◽  
J Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Bigger, Faster, Stronger: Implications of Inter-Species Interactions for IRM of Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Maize in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Visser ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Single Species ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract A hypothetical scenario of mixed populations of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was used as a model to investigate the potential effects of mixed populations of lepidopteran pests, on the design and implementation of insect resistance management (IRM) strategies for Bt maize (L.) (Poaceae) on smallholder farms in Africa. To predict the structure of such mixed populations in different agroecological zones, the biological and behavioral characteristics that affect the competitiveness of these species were identified and analyzed. Additionally, the validity of the assumptions that underlie the high-dose/refuge strategy was compared among the three species. Differences between the species, and the influence thereof on the choice of IRM strategy for a specific environment, were explored through analysis of three hypothetical scenarios. We suggest that the use of separate refuges as a component of an IRM strategy against mixed pest populations in smallholder Bt maize fields may be unwise. A seed mixture approach, coupled with an effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, would be more practical and sensible since it could limit the opportunity for a single species to dominate the species complex. The dynamic interactions in a multi-species community and domination of the species complex by a single species may influence moth and larval response to maize plants, which could lead to an increased infestation of Bt plants, and subsequent increased selection pressure for resistance evolution. This article provides insights into the unique challenges that face the deployment of Bt maize in Africa.

Busseola fusca. [Distribution map].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Stalk Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Busseola fusca (Fuller) [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] Maize stalk borer. Attacks maize, sorghum, millet, sugarcane. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Burkina, Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Efficacy of Bt Maize for Control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 1260-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Botha ◽  
Annemie Erasmus ◽  
Hannalene du Plessis ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Plant Abandonment by Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae: Do Bt Toxins Have an Effect?

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Visser ◽  
Hannalene Du Plessis ◽  
Annemie Erasmus ◽  
Johnnie Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Busseola fusca (Fuller; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize in Africa and can be effectively controlled by Bt maize. However, the sustainability of this technology is threatened by resistance evolution, which necessitates the implementation of the high-dose/refuge insect resistance management (IRM) strategy. Despite the success of this IRM strategy, it is based on several assumptions about insect-hostplant interactions that are not always valid for different pest species. In this study, the plant abandonment behavior of Cry1Ab-resistant and susceptible B. fusca larvae were evaluated on a non-Bt, single toxin (Cry1Ab), and a pyramid event (Cry1.105 + Cry2Ab2) of maize over a four-day period. The aim was to determine if larvae are more likely to abandon maize plants that contain Bt-toxins than conventional non-Bt plants, and if resistance to the Cry1Ab-toxin affects this behavior. This study found that both Bt-resistant and susceptible B. fusca neonate larvae show feeding avoidance behavior and increased plant abandonment rates when exposed to Bt maize leaf tissue. The implications of these findings for the design of IRM strategies and choice of refuge structures are discussed in the context of Bt maize in Africa.

Parasitoids of the African stem borer, Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in South Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Kfir
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Pupal Parasitoids ◽  
Pupal Parasitism ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Trichogrammatoidea Lutea

AbstractEighteen parasitoids were recorded from the African stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller), on maize and grain sorghum, in Delmas and Cedara, South Africa. In Delmas, larval parasitism on both crops fluctuated below 20% with occasional peaks of 40–60%. In Cedara, larval parasitoids were active throughout the season with peaks of 75% and 60% parasitism during January and March-April, respectively on the ratoon crop, and 20% in May on the crop. Pupal parasitism peaked in Cedara at 100% during February-March, and at 80% during November, when parasitoids attacked pupae that formed after B. fusca larvae had emerged from diapause and pupated. In Delmas activity by pupal parasitoids was negligible. The egg parasitoids, Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogrammatoidea lutea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), were rare. The larval parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was active throughout the season and was by far the most abundant, emerging from about 90% of parasitized larvae. Its cocoons were often attacked by Aphanogmus fijiensis (Ferrière) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae). Second in abundance among the larval parasitoids was Bracon sesamiae Cameron (Braconidae) whose cocoons were attacked in turn by Eurytoma braconidis Ferrière (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Eurytoma braconidis was reared also from cocoons of Euvipio sp. and Aleiodes sp. (both Braconidae). All other larval parasitoids were rare. Procerochasmias nigromaculatus (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant pupal parasitoid. Trichogrammatoidea lutea, Glyptapanteles maculitarsis (Cameron) (Braconidae) and Odontepyris transvaalensis (De Buysson) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) have not been recorded before from B. fusca. Some considerations and proposals for introductions of parasitoids into South Africa against B. fusca are discussed.

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