The Impacts of Fertilizer and Hexazinone on Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) Growth Patterns in Lowbush Blueberry Fields

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Kennedy ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Vilis O. Nams ◽  
A. Randall Olson
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Reproductive Shoot ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Biomass Ratio

Sheep sorrel is an invasive, creeping perennial weed of lowbush blueberry fields that decreases yields and hinders harvest. Much of the basic phenology of sheep sorrel in blueberry fields is unknown and not documented in peer-reviewed journals. Three levels of fertilizer (0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1) and two levels of hexazinone (0 and 1.92 kg ai ha−1) were applied to three vegetative-year blueberry fields to determine their effects on root and shoot growth, biomass allocation, and seed production of sheep sorrel plants. Hexazinone efficacy varied widely between sites, but suppressed shoot biomass, achene number and weight, and reproductive biomass, as well as the reproductive : shoot biomass ratio. Fertilizer tended to increase achene number and increased sheep sorrel shoot biomass in the absence of hexazinone, but had no effect on achene weight, root biomass, or reproductive biomass. When fertilizer was applied, sheep sorrel allocated resources to sexual reproduction at the expense of vegetative growth.

Studies on the flowering biology of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella) ramets from lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella

Red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) is a ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species commonly found as a weed in commercially managed lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets of this species, indicating a potential vernalization requirement for flowering. This study was therefore initiated to examine the role of vernalization, photoperiod, and pre-vernalization stimulus on ramet flowering. Red sorrel ramets propagated from creeping roots and seeds collected from established red sorrel populations in lowbush blueberry had an obligate requirement for vernalization to flower. Ramet populations maintained under pre- and post-vernalization photoperiods of 16 h flowered following 12 weeks of vernalization at 4 ± 0.1 °C, whereas those maintained under constant 16, 14, or 8 h photoperiods without vernalization did not flower. Vernalization for 10 weeks maximized, but did not saturate, the flowering response. Pre-vernalization photoperiod affected flowering response, with increased flowering frequency observed in ramet populations exposed to decreasing, rather than constant, photoperiod prior to vernalization. This study represents the first attempt to determine the combined effects of vernalization and photoperiod on red sorrel flowering, and the results provide a benchmark for the future study of flowering and sexual reproduction in this economically important perennial weed species.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk ◽  
Richard W. Zobel ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

The objectives of this study were to determine root and shoot growth periodicity for established Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak), Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut), and Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees and to evaluate three methods of root growth periodicity measurement. Two methods were evaluated using a rhizotron. One method measured the extension rate (RE) ofindividual roots, and the second method measured change in root length (RL) against an observation grid. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons (MR), was also evaluated. RE showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured by RE. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by RL and MR. RE measured extension rate of larger diameter lateral roots, RL measured increase in root length of all diameter lateral roots and MR measured new root count of all sizes of lateral and vertical roots. Root growth periodicity patterns differed with the measurement method and the types of roots measured.

Hexazinone and Fertilizer Impacts on Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella) in Wild Blueberry

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Kennedy ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Vilis O. Nams
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Wild Blueberry ◽  
Experimental Plots

Sheep sorrel is an invasive, creeping perennial weed of lowbush blueberry fields. It is one of the most prominent weeds in blueberry fields in Nova Scotia and is responsible for decreasing yields. Three levels of fertilizer (0, 20, 40 kg N ha−1) and two levels of hexazinone (0 or 1.92 kg ai ha−1) were applied to experimental plots to determine their effects on sheep sorrel density. Sprout-year hexazinone reduced sheep sorrel densities, which led to increased yields. Fertilizer increased weed density in the absence of herbicides, had no effect on density in the presence of herbicides, tended to have no impact on floral buds, and did not increase yields. Fruiting-year hexazinone decreased sheep sorrel densities in some situations, but did not result in yield increases.

Régulations hydriques comparées de populations de Rumex acetosella le long d'un gradient successionnel postcultural

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Escarré ◽  
Claudie Houssard ◽  
Nicole Vartanian
Keyword(s):  
Field Capacity ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Area Development

Two sets of plants of Rumex acetosella L. of known sex (males and females in the same proportions), belonging to populations from two fields that were abandoned 2 and 15 years ago, were grown on soil regularly watered to field capacity or to half of field capacity. Four harvests of six plants for each sex, population and treatment were performed to follow the changes in biomass allocation to aerial and subterranean organs as related to plant water potential. In well-watered plants, the old population had a higher rate of water use than the young one because of rapid leaf surface area development and a higher root/shoot biomass ratio, which should make it more competitive in situations of strong interspecific competition, such as the late stages of succession. When plants were subjected to water stress (half of field capacity), clear-cut differences appeared between males and females at the vegetative stage. Female plants showed a good regulation of water balance and reached higher biomass values than male plants. However, flowering and fruiting induced a decrease in the root/shoot biomass ratio and in the transpiration rate of female plants, which would tend to exclude them with time. These results may explain the fact the the oldest Rumex acetosella communities consist predominantly of males.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Patterns in Four Palm Flowering of Leucanthemum×superbum `Snowcap' in Response to Photoperiod and Cold Treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 132b-133
Author(s):  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Arthur C. Cameron ◽  
William H. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

`Snowcap' Shasta daisy [Leucanthemum ×superbum Bergmans ex. J. Ingram (syn: Chrysanthemum ×superbum, C. maximum)] was grown under various photoperiods and temperatures to determine their effects on flowering. In the first experiment, plants were held for 0 or 15 weeks at 5 °C and then were grown at 20 °C under the following photoperiods: 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, or 24 hours of continuous light or 9 hours with a 4-hour night interruption (NI) in the middle of the dark period. Without cold treatment, no plants flowered under photoperiods ≤14 hours and 65% to 95% flowered under longer photoperiods or NI. After 15 weeks at 5 °C, all plants flowered under all photoperiods and developed three to four or 10 to 11 inflorescences under photoperiods ≤14 or ≥16 hours, respectively. To determine the duration of cold treatment required for flowering under short photoperiods, a second experiment was conducted in which plants were treated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 weeks at 5 °C, and then grown at 20 °C under 9-hour days without or with a 4-hour NI. Under 9-hour photoperiods, 0%, 80%, or 100% of plants flowered after 0, 3, or ≥6 weeks at 5 °C, and time to flower decreased from 103 to 57 days as the time at 5 °C increased from 3 to 12 weeks. Plants that were under NI and received ≥3 weeks of cold flowered in 45 to 55 days. For complete and rapid flowering with a high flower count, we recommend cold-treating `Snowcap' for at least 6 weeks, then providing photoperiods ≥16 hours or a 4-hour NI during forcing.

Evaluation of currently registered herbicides for fall bearing year red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) management in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Neil White ◽  
Rakesh Menapati ◽  
Nancy L. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Vernalisation Requirement ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass ◽  
Ramet Density

Red sorrel is a common creeping herbaceous perennial weed species in lowbush blueberry fields and reproduces asexually via ramets from creeping roots. Ramets emerge throughout the season but remain vegetative due to a vernalisation requirement for flowering. This weed may therefore be managed with fall herbicide applications, but few currently registered herbicides have been evaluated for fall red sorrel management in lowbush blueberry. The objectives of this research were to 1) determine the effect of various herbicide treatments on red sorrel shoot and root biomass in the greenhouse, 2) determine the effect of fall bearing year herbicide applications on overwintered red sorrel ramet density in the field, 3) determine if reduced overwintered ramet density reduces flowering ramet density in the field, and 4) estimate the potential for red sorrel to recover from fall bearing year herbicide applications. Dicamba, tribenuron-methyl, and glufosinate reduced red sorrel shoot and root biomass in the greenhouse and reduced overwintered ramet density in the field. Clopyralid, sulfentrazone, and flumioxazin reduced shoot and root biomass in the greenhouse but exhibited limited efficacy in the field. Nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron and glyphosate were ineffective in both the greenhouse and field. Dichlobenil and pronamide reduced overwintered ramet density in the field. Reduction of overwintered ramet density did not consistently reduce flowering ramet density. Dichlobenil reduced seedling density at two sites, but no herbicide consistently reduced summer non-bearing year ramet density. Fall herbicide applications alone therefore do not appear to maintain red sorrel suppression in lowbush blueberry fields.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Patterns in Four Palm Species and Their Relationships with Air and Soil Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Royal palms [Roystonea regia (HBK.) O.F. Cook], coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L. `Malayan Dwarf'), queen palms [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman], and pygmy date palms (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) were grown in a rhizotron to determine the patterns of root and shoot growth over a 2-year period. Roots and shoots of all four species of palms grew throughout the year, but both root and shoot growth rates were positively correlated with air and soil temperature for all but the pygmy date palms. Growth of primary roots in all four species was finite for these juvenile palms and lasted for only 5 weeks in royal palms, but ≈7 weeks in the other three species. Elongation of secondary roots lasted for only 9 weeks for coconut palms and less than half of that time for the other three species. Primary root growth rate varied from 16 mm·week-1 for coconut and pygmy date palms to 31 mm·week-1 for royal palms, while secondary root growth rates were close to 10 mm·week-1 for all species. About 25% of the total number of primary roots in these palms grew in contact with the rhizotron window, allowing the prediction of the total root number and length from the sample of roots visible in the rhizotron. Results indicated that there is no obvious season when palms should not be transplanted in southern Florida because of root inactivity.

scholarly journals 751 PB 117 ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH PATTERNS OF `MAURITIUS' LYCHEE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 540f-540
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
L.E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Glass Wall ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Observation

`Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees were planted in root observation chambers in July 1990 to determine the pattern of root and shoot growth during a 12 month period. Root and shoot lengths were measured at intervals ranging from 7-18 days, from Aug. 1990 until Aug. 1991. During each period of active canopy growth, up to six shoots were tagged and measured. Root growth was determined by measuring tracings the extension of each root in a visible plane from the glass wall of the observation chambers. Shoot growth was cyclic, with distinct periods of extension followed by no extension. Alternatively, root growth was fairly continuous with only a few periods of no apparent extension. There were no consistent relationships observed between root and shoot growth patterns.

scholarly journals 356 ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH PERIODICITY OF GREEN ASH, SCARLET OAK, TURKISH HAZELNUT AND TREE LILAC

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482a-482
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk ◽  
Richard W. Zobel ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Extension Method ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

Root and shoot growth periodicity were determined for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh.,Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazehut) and Syriaga reticulara (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees. Two methods for determining root growth periodicity using a rhizotron were evaluated. One method measured the extension rate of individual roots, and the second method measured change in root length density. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons, was also evaluated. The root extension method showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. Species with similar shoot phenologies had similar root phenologies when root growth was measured by the root extension method, but not when root growth was measured by the other methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured with the root extension method. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by the other methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document