scholarly journals 751 PB 117 ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH PATTERNS OF `MAURITIUS' LYCHEE TREES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 540f-540
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
L.E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Glass Wall ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Observation

`Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees were planted in root observation chambers in July 1990 to determine the pattern of root and shoot growth during a 12 month period. Root and shoot lengths were measured at intervals ranging from 7-18 days, from Aug. 1990 until Aug. 1991. During each period of active canopy growth, up to six shoots were tagged and measured. Root growth was determined by measuring tracings the extension of each root in a visible plane from the glass wall of the observation chambers. Shoot growth was cyclic, with distinct periods of extension followed by no extension. Alternatively, root growth was fairly continuous with only a few periods of no apparent extension. There were no consistent relationships observed between root and shoot growth patterns.

Root and Stem Growth Patterns of Young `Mauritius' Lychee Trees

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Leah E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Glass Wall ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Stem Extension ◽  
Root Observation

`Mauritius' lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) trees were planted in root observation chambers in July 1990 to determine the pattern of root and stem extension growth during 12 months. Root and stem lengths were measured at intervals ranging from 7 to 18 days from Aug. 1990 until Aug. 1991. During each period of active canopy growth, up to six stem tips were tagged and measured. Root growth was determined by measuring tracings of the extension of each root in a visible plane of the glass wall of the observation chambers. Stem growth was cyclic, with distinct periods of rapid extension followed by periods with no extension. In contrast, root growth was fairly continuous with only three periods of no visible root extension. Mean absolute extension rates were higher for stems than for roots. There were no consistent relationships between the timing of root and stem extension growth.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk ◽  
Richard W. Zobel ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

The objectives of this study were to determine root and shoot growth periodicity for established Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak), Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut), and Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees and to evaluate three methods of root growth periodicity measurement. Two methods were evaluated using a rhizotron. One method measured the extension rate (RE) ofindividual roots, and the second method measured change in root length (RL) against an observation grid. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons (MR), was also evaluated. RE showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured by RE. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by RL and MR. RE measured extension rate of larger diameter lateral roots, RL measured increase in root length of all diameter lateral roots and MR measured new root count of all sizes of lateral and vertical roots. Root growth periodicity patterns differed with the measurement method and the types of roots measured.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Patterns in Four Palm Species and Their Relationships with Air and Soil Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Royal palms [Roystonea regia (HBK.) O.F. Cook], coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L. `Malayan Dwarf'), queen palms [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman], and pygmy date palms (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) were grown in a rhizotron to determine the patterns of root and shoot growth over a 2-year period. Roots and shoots of all four species of palms grew throughout the year, but both root and shoot growth rates were positively correlated with air and soil temperature for all but the pygmy date palms. Growth of primary roots in all four species was finite for these juvenile palms and lasted for only 5 weeks in royal palms, but ≈7 weeks in the other three species. Elongation of secondary roots lasted for only 9 weeks for coconut palms and less than half of that time for the other three species. Primary root growth rate varied from 16 mm·week-1 for coconut and pygmy date palms to 31 mm·week-1 for royal palms, while secondary root growth rates were close to 10 mm·week-1 for all species. About 25% of the total number of primary roots in these palms grew in contact with the rhizotron window, allowing the prediction of the total root number and length from the sample of roots visible in the rhizotron. Results indicated that there is no obvious season when palms should not be transplanted in southern Florida because of root inactivity.

scholarly journals 356 ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH PERIODICITY OF GREEN ASH, SCARLET OAK, TURKISH HAZELNUT AND TREE LILAC

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482a-482
Author(s):  
J. Roger Harris ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk ◽  
Richard W. Zobel ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Extension Method ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Periodicity

Root and shoot growth periodicity were determined for Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh.,Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazehut) and Syriaga reticulara (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees. Two methods for determining root growth periodicity using a rhizotron were evaluated. One method measured the extension rate of individual roots, and the second method measured change in root length density. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons, was also evaluated. The root extension method showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. Species with similar shoot phenologies had similar root phenologies when root growth was measured by the root extension method, but not when root growth was measured by the other methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured with the root extension method. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by the other methods.

Napropamide Uptake, Transport, and Metabolism in Corn (Zea mays) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Napropamide [2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] inhibited root and shoot growth in corn (Zea maysL. ‘NC+ 59’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Niagara VF315’) seedlings. Shoot growth was reduced less than root growth in both species. Corn roots were approximately 10 times more sensitive to napropamide than were tomato roots. Translocation of napropamide from the roots to the shoot of tomato occurred within 0.5 h and followed an apoplastic pattern. Little movement of napropamide from the roots to the shoots occurred in corn. Metabolism of napropamide was not evident in either species during an 8-h exposure. Absorption studies showed that total napropamide levels were 60% higher in corn root tissue than in tomato root tissue. The greater napropamide content in the corn roots was associated with a tightly bound fraction of the total napropamide influx.

scholarly journals Root and shoot growth in safflower as affected by soil compaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1443-1448
Author(s):  
Caroline Beal Montiel ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Araceli Ciotti Marins ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Junior ◽  
Jeikson Rafael Deggerone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Soil compaction, induced by no-tillage practices, can negatively impact soil properties important for plant growth. Compacted soils can restrict root growth depth, resulting in reduced crop yield. Although safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has a deep root system, yield may still be affected by soil compaction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate safflower root and shoot growth when submitted to soil compaction in an Oxisol soil under controlled (greenhouse) and field conditions. Five soil bulk density measures were performed in a greenhouse (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 Mg m–3). Four compaction levels (established by the number of passes of a farm tractor: 0, 1, 3, and 5 passes consecutively) were performed to evaluate the effect of soil compaction in the field. Root and shoot growth were measured after harvesting the plants. Safflower root growth was reduced when soil compaction increased from 1.1 to 1.5 Mg m–3 under controlled (greenhouse) conditions. In field conditions, we observed a decrease in root length, and fresh and dry matter in roots and shoots of safflower as the soil compaction increased to 5P (1.28 Mg m–3). The results of our study suggest safflower root and shoot growth can be impacted by soil compaction which could affect crop yield.

scholarly journals 355 REDUCING MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE OF ROOTS IN COMPACTED SOILS INCREASES ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 481e-481
Author(s):  
Susan D. Day ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Vertical Drains ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Vertical Drainage ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Four techniques for compaction amelioration were studied: 1) Vertical drainage panels; 2) vertical gravel-filled sump drains; 3) soil trenches filled with sandy loam; and 4) peat amended back fill. The control was backfilled with existing soil on the site. Vertical drainage mats and vertical gravel-filled sump drains were shown to increase O2% in surrounding soil; however, all O2 levels regardless of treatment were above what is considered limiting. Shoot and root growth of Pyrus calleryana `Redspire' was greatest for treatments that alleviated mechanical impedance (soil trenches and amended back fill) and least for treatments that did not (controls and vertical drains). Vertical drainage mats which alleviated mechanical impedance to a lesser degree showed intermediate growth.

scholarly journals 531 CMN-Pyrazole-induced Abscission of Mature `Valencia' Oranges in Relation to Young Fruit, Root, and Shoot Growth

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 487A-487
Author(s):  
Rongcai Yuan ◽  
Ulrich Hartmond ◽  
Walter J. Kender
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

The seasonal abscission response of mature `Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.)Osb.] to 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (CMN-Pyrazole) was examined in relation to young fruit, shoot, and root growth. CMN-Pyrazole dramatically increased ethylene production in fruit and effectively reduced the fruit detachment force (FDF), except in a period of reduced response to CMN-Pyrazole in early May. Root growth was inhibited by trunk girdling, in combination with removal of spring vegetative flushes and flowers, but not by their removal alone. During the responsive period, there was no difference in both ethylene production and FDF of CMN-Pyrazole-treated mature oranges between 1) the unmanipulated trees and those manipulated by either 2) girdling, removal of spring flushes and flowers, or 3) removal of flushes and flowers alone. However, during the less-responsive period, ethylene production in CMN-Pyrazole-treated mature oranges was significantly lower while the FDF was higher from non-manipulated trees than from trees treated by either girdling and removal of flush, or only removal of flush. There was no difference in either ethylene production or FDF of CMN-Pyrazole-treated mature oranges between trees manipulated by girdling and removal of flush, and those by removal of flush alone. Flush growth terminated at least 2 weeks before the onset of the less responsive period. This suggests that the hormones from rapidly growing young fruit may be responsible for the less responsive period.

scholarly journals Species and Their Relationships with Air and Soil Temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
The Other ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Royal palms [Roystonea regia (HBK.) O.F. Cook], coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L. `Malayan Dwarf'), queen palms [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman], and pygmy date palms (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) were grown in a rhizotron to determine the patterns of root and shoot growth over a 2-year period. Roots and shoots of all four species of palms grew throughout the year, but both root and shoot growth rates were positively correlated with air and soil temperature for all but the pygmy date palms. Growth of primary roots in all four species was finite for these juvenile palms and lasted for only 5 weeks in royal palms, but ≈7 weeks in the other three species. Elongation of secondary roots lasted for only 9 weeks for coconut palms and less than half of that time for the other three species. Primary root growth rate varied from 16 mm·week-1 for coconut and pygmy date palms to 31 mm·week-1 for royal palms, while secondary root growth rates were close to 10 mm·week-1 for all species. About 25% of the total number of primary roots in these palms grew in contact with the rhizotron window, allowing the prediction of the total root number and length from the sample of roots visible in the rhizotron. Results indicated that there is no obvious season when palms should not be transplanted in southern Florida because of root inactivity.

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