Persistence of Rimsulfuron on Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Foliage

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitnee L. Barker ◽  
Josh B. Beam ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Rinse Water ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Water Rinse

Field studies have shown that rimsulfuron can move laterally with mower tires and injure neighboring cool-season grasses, indicating that persistent chemical can dislodge from turfgrass foliage. Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate persistence and stability of14C rimsulfuron on perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass foliage. Rimsulfuron was absorbed by annual bluegrass and perennial ryegrass equivalently, and persisted equally on foliage of each species. When extracted with a water rinse, 57% of applied rimsulfuron was recovered after 10 min, and 42% of applied rimsulfuron was recovered after 96 h. Rimsulfuron was stable 4 d after application based on comparison of rinse water chromatograms to stock solution chromatograms. These data indicate that appreciable rimsulfuron persists on turf foliage for 4 d. Thus, limiting traffic on treated areas for several hours to allow drying is not a viable method to prevent lateral relocation of rimsulfuron, and subsequent injury to cool-season turfgrasses.

Efficacy of Flazasulfuron for Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as Influenced by Nitrogen

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Adam W. Thoms ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Fertility

Certain sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides are used to remove overseeded cool-season species from bermudagrass. The effects of nitrogen (N) on the efficacy of a new SU herbicide, flazasulfuron, have not been determined. Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 evaluating the efficacy of flazasulfuron for control of overseeded perennial ryegrass contaminated with annual bluegrass. Flazasulfuron was applied at rates of 4.4, 8.8, and 17.5 g ha−1alone, and in between sequential applications of N fertilizer at 73 kg N ha−1. N was granularly applied immediately prior to herbicide treatment and 4 wk later. In both years, the level of annual bluegrass control with flazasulfuron and two applications of N at 73 kg N ha−1was significantly greater than following treatment with flazasulfuron alone. This response was observed for all application rates of flazasulfuron on every rating date. The level of annual bluegrass control with flazasulfuron at 4.4 g ha−1and two applications of N at 73 kg ha−1was greater than flazasulfuron at 17.5 g ha−1alone each year. No significant differences in perennial ryegrass control were observed for flazasulfuron with and without N fertility. In laboratory studies with annual bluegrass, treatment with N fertilizer at 73 kg N ha−1increased translocation of14C flazasulfuron (and any potential metabolites) from treated annual bluegrass leaves to other shoot tissues by 18% at 1 h after treatment and 22% at 4 h after treatment compared to plants not treated with N fertilizer. This increase in translocation may explain the increased level of annual bluegrass control observed in the field.

scholarly journals Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass Reseeding Intervals for Amicarbazone

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Turf managers applying amicarbazone for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control in cool-season turfgrasses may wish to reseed into treated areas. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia and Tennessee to investigate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) reseeding intervals after amicarbazone applications. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cover were reduced similarly (less than 10% from the untreated) by all herbicides applied 2, 4, or 6 weeks before seeding. Bispyribac-sodium at 0.1 kg a.i./ha reduced tall fescue and perennial ryegrass cover more than amicarbazone at 0.1 or 0.2 kg a.i./ha when applied the day of seeding. Applied on the day of seeding in Georgia, amicarbazone at 0.4 kg·ha−1 reduced turf cover of each species similar to bispyribac-sodium; however, this response was not observed in Tennessee. Results suggest tall fescue and perennial ryegrass can be safely seeded the day of amicarbazone applications at 0.1 or 0.2 kg·ha−1, but practitioners may need to wait 2 weeks before seeding these turfgrasses into areas treated with amicarbazone at 0.4 kg·ha−1 or bispyribac-sodium at 0.1 kg a.i./ha.

Response to Ethofumesate of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Overseeded Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) was controlled in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] turf when ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] was applied at 1.1 kg/ha in October and again in November, but not when applied in February and March. A single, October ethofumesate treatment, did not affect spring growth of nonoverseeded bermudagrass, but the growth of selected cultivars was delayed slightly from October + November treatment. Turf growth was severely delayed for all bermudagrass cultivars when ethofumesate treatments were delayed until February and March. The October and November ethofumesate treatments reduced the quality of overseeded perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne(L.) ‘Medalist VI’] slightly, but did not injure it permanently and the turf recovered fully. The transition from ryegrass back to bermudagrass turf was good in the spring regardless of ethofumesate treatment. Even though turf cover was excellent throughout the transition period, bermudagrass cover during June and July was less when ethofumesate was applied in October than when application was delayed until after bermudagrass became dormant.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides and surfactants on turf grasses and annual poa

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Finlayson ◽  
F. Dastgheib
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

The tolerance of browntop (Agrostis capillaris L) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) Chewings fescue (Festuca nigrescens Lam) and annual poa (Poa annua L) to twelve herbicides with and without two organosilicone surfactants (Silwet L77 and Silwet S800) were assessed Annual poa was controlled by haloxyfop and clethodim plus S800 Browntop was highly tolerant to chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron and Chewings fescue to haloxyfop fluazifop clethodim and sethoxydim Organosilicone surfactants affected the tolerance of some species to certain herbicides For example Silwet L77 reduced the tolerance of annual poa to glyphosate but S800 increased the tolerance of perennial ryegrass to terbuthylazine The results have implications for the management of cool season turf

Evaluation of Ethofumesate for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) and Turfgrass Tolerance

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Euel Coats ◽  
Jeff V. Krans
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Red Fescue

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL. # POAAN) control and phytotoxicity of ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] to selected warm- and cool-season turfgrass species. Annual bluegrass control in non-overseeded dormant hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. XC. tranvaalensisBurtt-Davy Tifgreen’ # CYNDA] was 75% or greater with at least two ethofumesate applications at monthly intervals starting in December. Tifgreen bermudagrass spring growth was delayed with more than two applications of ethofumesate at 1.1 kg ai/ha, or when the second application was made after January. Under greenhouse conditions the growth of both Tifgreen and Tifdwarf bermudagrass was less when treated with ethofumesate. Stand and shoot growth of 29 cultivars of ryegrass (Loliumspp.), bluegrass (Poaspp.), bentgrass (Agrostisspp.), and red fescue (Festuca rubraL. # FESRU) were reduced by ethofumesate at 1.1 kg/ha as a preemergence or split (0.5 kg/ha preemergence + 0.5 kg/ha postemergence) application. Postemergence applications were less phytotoxic to cool-season turfgrasses than preemergence applications. Perennial ryegrass stands were generally not reduced by postemergence application of ethofumesate at 1.1 kg/ha. However, shoot growth of perennial ryegrass was reduced.

Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Overseeded Bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.) Golf Greens

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Spring Transition

Ethofumesate, [(+)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] applied preemergence provided selective control of annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) overseeded on dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. XC. transvaalensisBurtt Davy ‘Tifdwarf’] golf greens. Control in excess of 95% was obtained with single applications at the 2.2 kg/ha rate in 2 of 3 yr, but multiple applications were required when ethofumesate was applied at 1.1 kg/ha or less. Ethofumesate caused temporary cessation of bermudagrass growth when applied in the fall. February applications slowed the spring transition to bermudagrass.

Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Seed Fields

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields

Ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] applied postemergence in November at rates from 1.4 to 4.5 kg/ha eliminated all annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) that had survived application of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] in fall carbon-planted perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) seed fields. Ethofumesate also eliminated all annual bluegrass in established perennial ryegrass seed fields when applied in late October at rates from 1.1 to 3.4 kg/ha or when applied as sequential treatments with atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] at 1.4 kg/ha or with simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 2.2 kg/ha. In most experiments, perennial ryegrass seed yields were not adversely affected by applications of ethofumesate alone or by sequential treatments with diuron, atrazine, or simazine.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Annual Bluegrass with Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua in Bermudagrass

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Cynodon Transvaalensis

Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua has potential as a biological control agent for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and it is being evaluated as a commercial bioherbicide. Field experiments were conducted on dormant `Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] and `Tifway' bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass to determine the effects of two isolates of X. campestris pv. poannua on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control. Annual bluegrass control was 82% on 27 Apr. 1992 after isolate MB 218 was applied to dormant bermudagrass at 109 cfu/ml in three applications on 11 and 28 Feb. and 12 Mar. When isolate MB 245 was applied at the same rate and dates, it controlled only 60% of the annual bluegrass. The response from isolate MB 245 at the same rate and number of applications on 28 Apr. 1993 was similar to that in Apr. 1992, with 64% control on dormant turf and 52% control on overseeded turf. There was no significant advantage in annual bluegrass control when isolate MB 245 was applied at 109 cfu/ml in more than three applications during the fall and winter, compared to three applications on 15 Feb. and 1 and 11 Mar. when ratings were made on 28 Apr. 1993. The control of annual bluegrass in late Apr. 1992 and 1993 from X. campestris applied in three applications (11 and 28 Feb. and 12 Mar. 1992 and 15 Feb. and 1 and 11 Mar. 1993) at 109 cfu/ml was greater than when l08 cfu/ml was applied on the same dates.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

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