EVAPORATION SYNERGIES BETWEEN LEAD AND ZINC CONTAINED IN A FLY ASH MODEL IN ITS TREATMENT BY PTA

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using two low-cost binders,quicklime and fly ash for the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of pyrite cinder.Pyrite cinder, used in this study, represents a remnant from sulfuric acid productionin fertilizer factory IHP “Prahovo” A.D. (Serbia), and has a very high toxicmetal content. High contents and leachability of copper, lead and zinc make thiswaste material hazardous, representing an extraordinary risk to the environment.In order to determine the leaching behavior of the S/S mixtures, four single-stepleaching tests were performed, each one having a different sort of leaching fluid(deionized water, inorganic and organic acidic solutions). X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS)were implemented to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for immobilization ofCu, Pb and Zn. Overall, the test results indicated that S/S treatment using bothquicklime and fly ash was effective in immobilizing these metals, especially whenthere is a higher share of binder present. Treated waste can be safe for disposal andeven considered for “controlled utilization”. Furthermore, the use of fly ash for S/Streatment of pyrite cinder solves the disposal problems of two waste types, as it alsorepresents a secondary industrial product.

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Compositional effects of clay–fly ash geopolymers on the sorption process of lead and zinc

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.1002/jeq2.20207 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elmira Khaksar Najafi ◽

Reza Jamshidi Chenari ◽

Meghdad Payan ◽

Mahyar Arabani

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Sorption Process ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Compositional Effects

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Sorption Kinetics of Lead and Zinc Ions by Clay-Fly Ash Geopolymers

Environmental Engineering Science ◽

10.1089/ees.2020.0351 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elmira Khaksar Najafi ◽

Reza Jamshidi Chenari ◽

Mahyar Arabani

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Sorption Kinetics ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Kinetics Of

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Cadmium, lead and zinc leaching from smelter fly ash in simple organic acids—Simulators of rhizospheric soil solutions

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.068 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 170 (2-3) ◽

pp. 1264-1268 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Vojtěch Ettler ◽

Růžena Vrtišková ◽

Martin Mihaljevič ◽

Ondřej Šebek ◽

Tomáš Grygar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Rhizospheric Soil ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Soil Solutions ◽

Cadmium Lead

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Sewage sludge and fly ash mixture as an alternative for decontaminating lead and zinc ore regions

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment ◽

10.1007/s10661-014-4120-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 187 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Pogrzeba ◽

R. Galimska-Stypa ◽

J. Krzyżak ◽

A. Sas-Nowosielska

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Lead And Zinc

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Recovery of lead and zinc from fly ash generated from municipal incineration plants by means of acid and/or alkaline leaching

Hydrometallurgy ◽

10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00073-6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 269-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 129

Author(s):

Seham Nagib ◽

K Inoue

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Alkaline Leaching ◽

Lead And Zinc

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Rhizofiltration of Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Lead and Zinc) From Fly Ash Leachates Using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes)

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v4i1.12187 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 179-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amit Kumar Yadav ◽

Bhawana Pathak ◽

M. H. Fulekar

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Translocation Factor ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Maximum Removal

Fly ashes are usually contaminated with toxic heavy metals. These metals are leaching out aftercontact with water during wet disposal system, thus polluting the soil, surface and groundwater. In the present study, a hydroponics experiment was conducted to examine the removalof heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn by Eichhornia crassipes grown at various concentration of fly ash ranging from 10, 20 and 40 percent over a period of 30 days.After 30 days, the plants were separately harvested, dried and weighedfor biomass of the roots and shoots. The uptake of each metalwas studied in the root and shoot separately, to determine the bioaccumulation of metals in Eichhornia crasspies.The translocation factor was calculated to study the efficiency of the plants forbioaccumulation of each metal in roots and shoot. The results showed that maximum uptake of metals Cd, Pb and Zn by plantwasfoundat the higher concentration (40%) of fly ash.The metals uptake found was 99.16, 166.52 and 741.04 μg g-1 tissues in the roots, respectively and 33.46, 41.33 and 255.90 μgg-1 tissues in the shoots, respectively and successfullyremoved up to 78% of Cd, 82% of Pb and 70% of Zn.The maximum removal efficiency by plant for Cd, Pb and Zn at lower concentration (10%) of fly ash was 84%, 86% and 75%, respectively.The heavy metals accumulated more in roots than in the shoots by Eichhornia crassipes. The maximum bioconcentration factor and translocation factor value of Eichhornia crappies for Cd, Pb and Zn were calculated as 705.55, 705.55 and 614.51 and 41.86, 47.18 and 34.53 respectively. The high removal efficiencies of heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn was find without toxic effect by this aquatic macrophyte, thisplant can be recommended for the actual treatment of fly ash leachatesin ash pond to clean up the aquatic environment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12187International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page : 179-196

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Interaction of the Behavior of Lead and Zinc With Alkalis in Fluidized Bed Combustion or Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels

18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2005-78074 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rainer Backman ◽

Mikko Hupa ◽

Matti Hiltunen ◽

Kari Peltola

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Alkali Metals ◽

Earth Metal ◽

Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

Fly Ashes ◽

Metal Compounds ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Significant Enrichment ◽

Heavy Metal Emissions

Combustion of waste derived fuels in fluidized bed boilers may result in fly ashes containing increased amounts of lead and zinc, besides the common alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds. Although the absolute concentrations of lead and zinc may be relatively low, around 1%, in the bulk ash, they may induce unwanted effects in combustors, partly due to their significant enrichment in the fly ash. First, lead and zinc in fly ashes may lead to unwanted heavy metal emissions. Further, they can also alter the behavior of the fly ash and cause it to become sticky and possibly corrosive. This paper discusses the mechanism of volatilization of lead and zinc and stickiness properties of their fly ash compounds under different conditions, based on data from a FBC gasifier using waste fuels with significant amounts of lead and zinc. Advanced thermochemical calculations using the data bases developed at A˚bo Akademi show that both lead and zinc can form volatile compounds and thus be strongly enriched in the fly ash. They can be volatilized as elemental gases, Pb(g) and Zn(g), or they can form gaseous chlorides, PbCl2(g) and ZnCl2(g). But they can also form non-volatile oxides. Thus their behavior is very dependent on the combustion conditions, particularly on the availability of chlorine. This way there is also a direct coupling of the volatilization behavior of lead and zinc with the chemistry of the alkali metals and calcium, all of which govern the availability of chlorine. Simplified thermochemical diagrams are shown to explain the complex interaction of the lead and zinc chemistry with the rest of the flue gas and fly ash chemistry. The thermochemical data can be used to explain the practical results from full scale boilers.

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Leaching mechanisms of heavy metals from fly ash stabilised soils

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x18775494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 616-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kittitat Leelarungroj ◽

Suched Likitlersuang ◽

Thanakorn Chompoorat ◽

Dao Janjaroen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Weak Soils ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Different Types ◽

Ph Conditions

Fly ash is an industrial waste material that is repurposed as a soil stabiliser worldwide. In Thailand, many ground improvement projects utilise mixtures of cement and fly ash to stabilise weak soils. In this study, leaching mechanisms of arsenic, chromium, lead, and zinc from cement and fly ash stabilised soils were investigated in the laboratory. Leaching tests were performed, with different leachants and pH conditions, on cement and fly ash stabilised soils used for soil improvement in road embankment construction projects in Northern Thailand. The results suggested that chemical compounds (CaO and MgO) on fly ash surfaces can control the pH of the fly ash and soil leachant. The dissolution of chromium and zinc was found to be amphoteric and controlled by oxide minerals at a high or low pH. Arsenic leaching was found to be oxyanionic where AsO43- prevented the adsorption of arsenic onto the negatively charged fly ash surface. Different types of leachant also leached out in different amounts of heavy metals.

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