scholarly journals Studies on internode elongation in soybean plants. III. Effects of gibberellic acid on internode elongation.

1991 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhisa UMEZAKI ◽  
Itaru SHIMANO ◽  
Shigeo MATSUMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Soybean Plants

scholarly journals Action of growth regulators on flowering and pod production of soybean cultivar Davis

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
Roberto S. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Soybean Plants

This research deals with the effects of growth regulators on flowering and pod formation in soybean plant (Glycine max cv. Davis). Under greenhouse conditions, soybean plants were sprayed with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm, Agrostemmin (1g/10 ml/3 l) gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm. Application of TIBA increased number of flowers. 'Davis' soybean treated with CCC and TIBA presented a tendency to produce a lower number of pods.

scholarly journals Action of growth regulators on production of soybean cultivar Davis

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R.C. Castro ◽  
Roberto S. Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on production of soybean plant (Glycine max cv.. Davis) under greenhouse conditions, At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TiBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Before flowering, Agrostemin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. It was observed that CCC and TIBA reduced stem dry weight. Soybean plants treated with TIBA reduced weight of pods without seeds , seed number and seed weight.

Internode elongation pattern, internode diameter and hormone changes in soybean (Glycine max) under different shading conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Fuxin Shan ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Shoukun Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Internode length and diameter in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are closely associated with lodging. The pattern of internode elongation and increase in internode diameter and factors involved were studied in two soybean cultivars, HN48 (tall-stem cultivar) and HN60 (dwarf cultivar), in the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Four treatments included natural lighting, shading of the apical meristem, covering of all internodes with aluminium foil, and whole-plant shading with plastic shading nets. When the number of internodes (N) on the main stem was >3, internode N began to elongate. Internode N – 1 exhibited the most rapid elongation, and internode N – 2 elongated slowly. Internode N – 3 stopped elongating, but the increase in internode diameter did not cease as internode elongation stopped. Shading the soybean apical meristem, the stem, and the whole plant all led to internode elongation. Different shading conditions did not alter the pattern of internode elongation. Soybean stem and apical meristem were both light-sensitive tissues. With an increase in shading, internode length increased, whereas internode diameter decreased. Contents of gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid in the stem also increased, but abscisic acid content decreased. Shading reduced the size of starch grains but increased the number of osmiophilic granules in the chloroplast. Elevated GA3 level was the main cause of the changes in internode length and diameter induced by shading. These results suggest that reduction in GA3 synthesis and enhancement in carbohydrates formation could a strategy for soybean plants to avoid lodging.

Response of Barley Shoot Apices to Application of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid: Dependence on Tissue Sensitivity

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment ◽  
Acid Dependence

Stimulation by gibberellic acid of rachis internode elongation in barley grown in short days was dependent on either the timing of application or on the amount applied in a dose at day 10. There was no immediate rachis internode elongation in response to gibberellic acid treatment until floret initials appeared and then only if sufficient gibberellic acid was present in the shoot apices of the barley plants grown in short days. Applications of gibberellic acid promoted the growth of the double-ridge meristem (upper ridge only) and this resulted in a group of abnormal spikelets being formed on the lower six nodes of the inflorescence, all of which were characterized by enhanced growth of the rachilla apical meristem. In a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with gibberellic acid, abscisic acid was found to slightly reduce the growth rate of the vegetative barley apex between days 10 and 14. Abrupt cessation of primordium formation, coincident with the appearance of stamen initials, was observed following continued application of both gibberellic acid and abscisic acid whereas neither hormone alone had this effect. Enhanced growth of the rachilla apical meristem of the basal six spikelets following application of gibberellic acid resulted in the formation of branched inflorescences, and this result was not altered by the addition of abscisic acid to the treatment.

INTERNODE ELONGATION IN XANTHIUM PLANTS TREATED WITH GIBBERELLIC ACID PRESENTED IN TERMS OF RELATIVE ELEMENTAL RATES

1984 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Maksymowych ◽  
Charlotte Elsner ◽  
Andrew B. Maksymowych
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Internode Elongation

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Activity in Sugarcane as a Function of the Number and Frequency of Applications

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-503
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander ◽  
R. Montalvo-Zapata ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stalk Weight

A treatment-efficiency study was conducted in relation to growth and sugar activity of applied gibberellic acid (GA) in sugarcane. The work was performed at the greenhouse and laboratory level with plants grown in sand culture. All plants received an equal absolute amount of GA during varying periods of time. Three GA treatments were initiated at 10 weeks: 1, A single application of 0.01 percent; 2, increments of 0.0033 percent each given at 0, 10, and 20 days; and 3, increments of 0.0033 percent each given at 0, 35, and 70 days. Treatments were designed to test the theory that maximum growth must be obtained as a short-term cumulative effect, and that long-delayed increments are partially wasted against a growth reversion which follows GA growth stimulation. A second objective was to prove that GA-induced growth is accompanied by an increased sugar-synthesizing and sugar-accumulating capability, and to determine which of the frequency-concentration differentials was most effective for sugar production. Samples were taken at 2-week intervals over a period of 4 months for growth and sugar analyses. The following results were obtained: 1. Growth data for total green weights, internode elongation, internode thickening, and millable-stalk weights revealed positive effects for all GA treatments as compared to controls. 2. Maximum green weight, internode length, and stalk weight was achieved with three GA increments given over a short-time interval (0, 10, and 20 days). Widely-spaced increments produced no appreciable growth increases over those of a single application. 3. Internode elongation reached a maximum average of 8.6 inches with short-term increments, while a single GA application produced a maximum of 7.4 inches. With increments the positive GA effect extended over a timegrowth period of seven internodes, while the single-dose effect extended over four internodes. None of the treatments affected the total internode number. 4. All GA-treated plants experienced growth reversion toward subnormal levels as indicated by internode-length data. While the slope of growth decline was constant, the initiation of decline was much delayed by use of short-term GA increments. For long term-increments the 35- and 70-day applications encountered strong growth reversion already in progress. The latter increments succeeded in checking decline temporarily, while the decline itself prevented each increment from achieving its stimulatory potential. Net growth increases from delayed applications were not appreciably greater than those from a single application. 5. Reversion of internode elongation was accompanied by increased lateral growth, i.e., internodal thickening. Lateral growth was greatest for the single GA treatment. However, only with short-term increments did lateral growth compensate for losses in length. On the basis of millable-stalk weight, the most important growth criterion, the closely-spaced increments were most successful in countering growth reversion. 6. Lengthwise splitting of internodes was a common problem among plants given all GA in a single dose. This damage was seldom noted when GA was applied in increments.. Contrary to an earlier assumption, the splitting did not appear to be a function of rapid growth rate, since by far the most rapid growth was achieved with closely-spaced increments. It is concluded that weakened stalk structure results from a temporarily unbalanced growth physiology, which, in turn, is sensitive to absolute GA level at the moment of tissue penetration. 7. Brix, polarization, and direct sucrose analyses of milled juice from whole stalks showed that GA had either accomplished modest sugar increases per unit of storage tissue, or had maintained levels comparable to control plants during the 4 months of study. Coupled with the additional growth produced by GA, all GA-treated plants yielded significantly more sugar than did controls. For total sucrose production the short-term increments were superior to other GA treatments, largely on the basis of superior growth. The frequency of GA increments had less effect on sucrose than on growth. 8. Analysis of juice from individual internodes showed that those internodes already laid down at the time of initial GA treatment suffered severe sucrose losses. After about 4 weeks GA-treated cane began accumulating sucrose above control levels, even though high growth activity was progressing simultaneously. Thus the utilization of stored sucrose by the GAstimulated plants was an interim measure, one apparently designed to "hold the line" while the new sugar-forming potential could be geared to growth requirements. 9. It was concluded that GA stimulation of sugar synthesis is of sufficient magnitude to satisfy added growth needs, and to send additional sucrose into storage as well. 10. Based on earlier findings of GA-increased levels of leaf fructose and glucose, and on the lack of inversion products in GA-treated stalks, it was proposed that sugar requirements for GA-stimulated growth are satisfied by a portion of the freshly-formed sucrose diverted toward the meristematic area. 11. Paper chromatography of juice from individual internodes revealed an apparent maturation effect of GA on the stalk segments. Reducingsugar levels were notably lessened in GA-treated internodes, as compared to controls, while sucrose was generally increased above the fourth internode. The single GA application was more effective in this respect than either of the increment treatments. 12. The importance of exploring a broad range of physiological-biochemical GA potentials, at the greenhouse and laboratory level, is briefly discussed.

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