LONG-TERM DECLINES AND DECADAL PATTERNS IN POPULATION TRENDS OF SONGBIRDS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, 1979–1999

The Condor ◽  
10.1650/7131 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Ballard ◽  
Geoffrey R. Geupel ◽  
Nadav Nur ◽  
Thomas Gardali
The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Ballard ◽  
Geoffrey R. Geupel ◽  
Nadav Nur ◽  
Thomas Gardali

Abstract We analyzed population trends from a constant-effort mist-netting study conducted in central coastal California during the autumns of 1979–1999. Of 31 taxa captured in sufficient numbers, 16 underwent statistically significant declines and none increased. Twice as many species declined from 1989–1999 as compared to 1979–1989. Overall, our results were similar to those of regional Breeding Bird Surveys determined for the same species during the same period. In an attempt to identify possible causes for trends, we grouped species by various life-history categories including nest height, nest type, likelihood of cowbird parasitism, wintering location, winter food preference, and tolerance for human presence on the breeding grounds. All groups underwent significant declines, although high nesters, common cowbird hosts, and Neotropical migrants declined faster than their respective counterparts. While life-history attributes explained differences in trends between groups, there was significant heterogeneity of trends within groups. Capture rates of certain species and groups appeared to be affected by various climate variables, and accelerating declines since 1990 may reflect effects of large-scale climate cycles, particularly on long-distance migrants. We suggest that long-term population trajectories of songbird populations across North America may be better understood in the context of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Interpretation of our results is, in some cases, problematic due to the complex interaction of methodological limitations and environmental variables, especially habitat change on the study site. We recommend the use of multiple methods and multiple sites for monitoring trends in songbird population abundance during fall migration. Disminuciones a Largo Plazo y Patrones Década a Década en Tendencias Poblacionales de Aves Canoras en el Oeste de Norte América, 1979–1999 Resumen. Analizamos las tendencias poblacionales de un estudio de esfuerzo constante con redes de niebla realizado en la costa central de California durante los otoños de 1979 a 1999. De las 31 especies capturadas en números suficientes, 16 sufrieron disminuciones estadísticamente significativas y ninguna aumentó. En comparación con el período de 1979 a 1989, el doble de las especies disminuyeron entre 1989 y 1999. En general, nuestros resultados fueron similares a los determinados para las mismas especies en el mismo período por los censos regionales de aves reproductivas. En un intento por identificar las posibles causas de las tendencias, agrupamos las especies de acuerdo a varias categorías de historias de vida incluyendo altura del nido, tipo de nido, probabilidad de parasitismo por Molothrus, localidad de invernada, preferencias alimenticias en el invierno y tolerancia ante la presencia humana en las áreas reproductivas. Todos los grupos sufrieron disminuciones significativas, aunque las aves con nidos altos, los hospederos comunes de Molothrus y los migrantes neotropicales disminuyeron más rápidamente que sus respectivas contrapartes. Aunque los atributos de historia de vida explicaron las diferencias de las tendencias entre grupos, existió una heterogeneidad significativa al interior de los grupos. Las tasas de captura de ciertas especies y grupos parecieron ser afectadas por varias variables climáticas, y las disminuciones aceleradas desde 1990 podrían reflejar efectos de ciclos climáticos a gran escala, particularmente en migrantes de larga distancia. Sugerimos que las tendencias poblacionales a largo plazo de las aves canoras a través de Norte América podrían ser mejor entendidas en el contexto de la oscilación década a década del Pacífico. En algunos casos, la interpretación de nuestros resultados es problemática debido a la compleja interacción entre las limitaciones metodológicas y las variables ambientales, especialmente los cambios en el hábitat en el sitio de estudio. Recomendamos el uso de múltiples métodos y sitios para monitorear las tendencias en la abundancia de las poblaciones de aves canoras durante la migración de otoño.


The Condor ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Brennan ◽  
Michael L. Morrison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon G. English ◽  
Christine A. Bishop ◽  
Scott Wilson ◽  
Adam C. Smith

Abstract As pollinators, hummingbirds play a critical role for both the function of ecological communities and in providing ecosystem services for people. Throughout North America, this diverse family of birds is experiencing impacts of transformations to their habitat. To examine the conservation status of North American hummingbirds, we analyzed Breeding Bird Survey data for 8 species and 3 genera from 1970 to 2019 (long-term) and from 2009 to 2019 (short-term, approximately three generations). Among the Selasphorus genus, Allen’s, rufous, and broad-tailed hummingbirds have declined since 1970, and the rate of decline increased from 2009 to 2019. In a reversal of the trends from the past half-century, ruby-throated hummingbirds of Eastern North America have declined since approximately 2004 throughout most of the species range. In contrast, Anna’s hummingbird populations have increased dramatically since 1970 in their range in western North America. This increase is most exaggerated in Canada, related to a northern range expansion. Our results highlight contrasting population trends across species and provide an important first step to address declines, most notably among species in the Selasphorus and Archilochus genera. Our geographic modelling also emphasizes the need to prioritize regions of conservation interest in the breeding and wintering ranges of hummingbirds.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 20190011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. Morris ◽  
R. Justin DeRose ◽  
Thomas Brussel ◽  
Simon Brewer ◽  
Andrea Brunelle ◽  
...  

As important centres for biological diversity, aspen forests are essential to the function and aesthetics of montane ecosystems in western North America. Aspen stands are maintained by a nuanced relationship with wildfire, although in recent decades aspen mortality has increased. The need to understand the baseline environmental conditions that favour aspen is clear; however, long-term fire history reconstructions are rare due to the scarcity of natural archives in dry montane settings. Here, we analyse a high-resolution lake sediment record from southwestern, Utah, USA to quantify the compositional and burning conditions that promote stable (or seral) aspen forests. Our results show that aspen presence is negatively correlated with subalpine fir and that severe fires tend to promote persistent and diverse aspen ecosystems over centennial timescales. This information improves our understanding of aspen disturbance ecology and identifies the circumstances where critical transitions in montane forests may occur.


2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-ko Woo ◽  
Robin Thorne

Previous studies have correlated interannual streamflow fluctuations with changes in the climate. We note that decadal shifts in climate forcing can impart a stronger signal on streamflow than does the long-term climatic trend. In north-western North America, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which is strong in the cold season, may exert influence on interannual variations in spring high flows. In the 20th century, several major shifts in the PDO have been recognized. However, the rivers of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia and Alberta have variable response to such climate signals. An analysis of the flow of rivers in this region indicates that a number of rivers draining the Pacific coast are positively correlated with PDO and some rivers in the interior correlate negatively. Not all river flows correlate with the PDO because factors such as location, topography and storage can overwhelm the climatic influence. Given these considerations, the interpretation of long-term trends in streamflow should take account of the interdecadal climatic shifts and basin characteristics that affect flow generation.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document