Soft anatomy of sunellid arthropods from the Chengjiang Lagerstutte, Lower Cambrian of southwest China

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingliang Zhang ◽  
Degan Shu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trunk Limbs ◽  
First Time

Two bivalved arthropods of the family Sunellidae Huo, 1965 are described from the Lower Cambrian Helinpu Formation of southwestern China: Sunella cf. shensiensis Huo, 1965 and Combinivalvula chengjiangensis Hou, 1987. Both taxa preserve soft anatomies, described here for the first time, including a pair of lateral eyes and a possible median eye, a trunk carrying flaplike appendages, and a simple gut with caeca. The family Sunellidae includes three genera: Sunella Huo, Combinivalvula Hou, and Jinningella Huo and Shu. In contrast to most other Cambrian arthropods with a larger bivalved carapace, especially those from the Burgess Shale–type deposits, sunellids lack a limbless abdomen protruding posteriorly beyond the carapace. This, coupled with a combination of a number of snared features (e.g., the presence of cardinal spines and distinctive anterodorsal sulcus, elongated valves, and median eye), appears to support sunellids as a clade. The distinctive anterodorsal sulcus extending from the anterodorsal corner to the anteromedian part of the carapace is regarded as an autapomorphy for this clade. Sunellids resemble Isoxys Walcott, 1890 to which they may be closely related; both possess a bivalved, elongated carapace with cardinal spines that almost entirely covers the body. However, neither cephalic appendages nor proximal portions of trunk limbs are visible in sunellids, and thus, their systematic position remains uncertain.

A new locality of Koeneniodes madecassus Remy, 1950 (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) in China, with the first complete redescription of a Koeneniodes species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4658 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-555
Author(s):  
YUN BU ◽  
MAYSA FERNANDA VILLELA REZENDE SOUZA ◽  
RODRIGO LOPES FERREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
The Body ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
First Time

Koeneniodes madecassus Remy, 1950 is reported from Guangxi Province, Southwest China for the first time. Since there has been neither a Koeneniodes record nor any morphological addendum since 1997, several traits used in contemporary palpigrade taxonomy have remained unknown for this genus. Here, we redescribe K. madecassus according to modern standards and provide information on the chaetotaxy of the pedipalp and the four legs, the shape of setae on the body, and some relevant measurements and indices. The geographical distribution of the species is outlined and discussed.

Muscular system of euconodont animals and their systematic position (Euconodontophylea)

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
A.P. Kasatkina ◽  
G.I. Buryi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
First Time

The muscular system of euconodont animals was studied in detail on the basis of the photographs of imprints from the Lower Carboniferous Shrimp Bed of Granton (Scotland), Upper Ordovician Soom Shale (South Africa), and Silurian Waukesha biota (North America). Superficial body structures are for the first time recognized for euconodont animals: external rings (annulation) (Panderodus imprint) and their traces (specimens 2 and 3 from Granton). This makes them looking like many invertebrates, such as annelids, priapulids, or pentastomids, and different from primitive chordates. In all other imprints of euconodont animals, a deep frontal break reaching their central part uncovers the inner transversal structures of the body, muscular fibers. As in invertebrates, they have different orientation. The medial apices of the fibers can be directed obliquely towards either the head (specimens 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 from Granton, and Promissum pulchrum Kovacs-Endrődy imprints) or the tail (specimens 2 and 6 from Granton) or to be perpendicular to the body axis (specimens 3-5 from Granton). Discontinuity of the transversal structures (specimens 1 and 6) appears to occur in the euconodont animals. This suggests that the transversal obliquely-oriented structures visible on the euconodont imprints, are not myomers typical of chordate animals. Differently directed position of medial apices of the obliquely-oriented muscular fibers depends, probably, on physical state (direction of movement) of the animal. The longitudinal median structure, in our opinion, cannot be considered a chord, but is rather a gut extending from pharynx to anus. Apparently, in spite of visual similarity, the euconodont animals under study cannot be classified as chordates, or chaetognaths, or pentastomids. Their muscular system differs from that of all known groups of animals and shows its own unique structure: its inner transversal structures are muscular fibers, which externally look like rings (annulation). This supports our earlier conclusion (Kasatkina & Buryi, 1997) that euconodonts constitute a separate phylum, Euconodontophylea Kasatkina & Buryi, 1997.

Leptonetid spiders from caves of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China (Araneae: Leptonetidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2587 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG LIN ◽  
SHUQIANG LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Guizhou Plateau

A total of 27 species of the family Leptonetidae occurring in caves of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Southwest China, are described, including two new genera, 26 new species and one new combination as follows: Guineta gigachela gen. nov. and sp. nov.; Leptonetela anshun sp. nov., L. bama sp. nov., L. curvispinosa sp. nov., L. danxia sp. nov., L. digitata sp. nov., L. furcaspina sp. nov., L. geminispina sp. nov., L. grandispina sp. nov., L. hamata sp. nov., L. hexacantha sp. nov., L. jinsha sp. nov., L. jiulong sp. nov., L. liping sp. nov., L. maxillacostata sp. nov., L. meitan sp. nov., L. oktocantha sp. nov., L. palmata sp. nov., L. pentakis sp. nov., L. reticulopecta sp. nov., L. suae sp. nov., L. tetracantha sp. nov., L. tongzi sp. nov. and L. yangi sp. nov.; Sinoneta notabilis gen. nov. and sp. nov., S. sexdigiti sp. nov. In addition, Leptonetela quinquespinata (Chen & Zhu, 2008) is transferred from Qianleptoneta Chen & Zhu, 2008. The morphology of Guineta gen. nov. and Sinoneta gen. nov. are studied. Keys to all genera from China and 27 species from YunnanGuizhou Plateau are given. All type specimens in this study are collected from caves of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China and are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).

Some poorly known Asterocheres species (Siphonostomatoida: Asterocheridae) deposited in the Natural History Museum of London

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Bandera ◽  
Conradi Mercedes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
General Shape ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mandibular Palp ◽  
First Time

A total of seven poorly known species of the genus Asterocheres, the largest genus of the family Asterocheridae, are redescribed based on material deposited in the Natural History Museum of London. Among the material available, there were specimens of both sexes of A. bulbosus, A. ellisi and A. rotundus; the dissected holotypes for A. hongkongensis, A. indicus and A. ovalis which have no other specimens; and only cotype of A. micheli, turned out to be lost. Some taxonomically important appendages of these species are described and illustrated for the first time. Furthermore, discrepancies have been observed in: (1) the general shape of the body; (2) the antennule segmentation; (3) the omission of some elements in various oral appendages; and (4) the segmentation of the mandibular palp. These redescribed species were then compared with their closest congeners.

Lonchopteridae (Diptera) from Guangxi, Southwest China

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1806 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
QIBIAO DONG ◽  
BAOPING PANG ◽  
DING YANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

The family Lonchopteridae is recorded from Guangxi for the first time. Two genera and 6 species are recognized. Two new species, Lonchoptera pinglongshanensis Dong, Pang and Yang, sp. nov. and Lonchoptera unicolor Dong, Pang and Yang, sp. nov., are described. One species, Lonchoptera pipi Andersson, is recorded from China for the first time. A key to the species of Lonchopteridae from Guangxi is presented.

scholarly journals XVIII.—On The Structure and Affinities of Tristichopterus alatus, Egerton

1875 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramsay H. Traquair
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Fragment ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Extended Sense ◽  
Complete Ignorance ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dental Apparatus

Concerning the affinities and systematic position of this very remarkable Devonian fish, there has hitherto prevailed very great uncertainty. The two original specimens, discovered by Mr C. W. Peach, in the Old Red Sandstone of John O’Groat’s, Caithness, and described by Sir Philip Egerton, left us in complete ignorance as to the osteology of the head and the dentition, while the evidence they afforded as to the structure of the pectoral fins was by no means so clear as might have been wished for. To quote from Sir Philip's description:—“ The bones of the head, with the exception of a small fragment of the operculum, are wanting, but the impressions left upon the matrix show that they were sculptured in rather a bold pattern, not unlike the ornament on some of the cranial bones of some of the Holoptychii, and consequently differing in this respect from the corresponding parts in Dipterus. The pectoral fins are very indistinctly seen. They appear to have had a short obtuse lobe forming the base, and extending therefrom a set of numerous fin-rays more elongated than those forming the pectoral fin in Dipterus.” To Dipterus, however, in Sir Philip Egerton's opinion, its affinities pointed, as far as could be gathered from the structure of the body as displayed in the specimens, his description concluding as follows:—“ The absence of all evidence as to the dental apparatus of Tristichopterus is much to be regretted. On other points the affinities between this genus and Dipterus are so striking that they cannot be classified in separate families. Accordingly he assigned to Tristichopterus a place along with Dipterus in the family of “Cœlacanthi,” the term being used in its former extended sense, not as now restricted to the peculiar genera Cœlacanthus, Undina, Holophagus, and Macropoma.

Thelopsis challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of Ramonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Damien Ertz ◽  
Neil Sanderson ◽  
Marc Lebouvier
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Generic Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe genus Thelopsis was classified in the family Stictidaceae but its systematic position has never been investigated by molecular methods. In order to determine its family placement and to test its monophyly, fungal DNA of recent collections of Thelopsis specimens was sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB2 and mtSSU sequences reveal that members of Thelopsis form a monophyletic group within the genus Gyalecta as currently accepted. The placement of Thelopsis, including the generic type T. rubella, within the genus Gyalecta challenges the generic circumscription of this group because Thelopsis is well recognized by the combination of morphological characters: perithecioid ascomata, well-developed periphysoids, polysporous asci and small, few-septate ellipsoid-oblong ascospores. The sterile sorediate Opegrapha corticola is also placed in the Gyalectaceae as sister species to Thelopsis byssoidea + T. rubella. Ascomata of O. corticola are illustrated for the first time and support its placement in the genus Thelopsis. The hypothesis that O. corticola might represent the sorediate fertile morph of T. rubella is not confirmed because the species is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct. Thelopsis is recovered as polyphyletic, with T. melathelia being placed as sister species to Ramonia. The new combinations Thelopsis corticola (Coppins & P. James) Sanderson & Ertz comb. nov. and Ramonia melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz comb. nov. are introduced and a new species of Gyalecta, G. amsterdamensis Ertz, is described from Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands, characterized by a sterile thallus with discrete soralia. Petractis luetkemuelleri and P. nodispora are accommodated in the new genus Neopetractis, differing from the generic type (P. clausa) by having a different phylogenetic position and a different photobiont. Francisrosea bicolor Ertz & Sanderson gen. & sp. nov. is described for a sterile sorediate lichen somewhat similar to Opegrapha corticola but having an isolated phylogenetic position as sister to a clade including Gyalidea praetermissa and the genera Neopetractis and Ramonia. Gyalecta farlowii, G. nidarosiensis and G. carneola are placed in a molecular phylogeny for the first time. The taxonomic significance of morphological characters in Gyalectaceae is discussed.

scholarly journals Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horia R. Galea ◽  
Peter Schuchert
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

Thirty-six species of various thecate hydroids occur in two recent, deep-water collections from off New Caledonia. Of these, nine are new, namely Solenoscyphus subtilis Galea, sp. nov., Hincksella immersa Galea, sp. nov., Synthecium rectangulatum Galea, sp. nov., Diphasia alternata Galea, sp. nov., Dynamena opposita Galea, sp. nov., Hydrallmania clavaformis Galea, sp. nov., Symplectoscyphus acutustriatus Galea, sp. nov., Symplectoscyphus elongatulus Galea, sp. nov. and Zygophylax niger Galea, sp. nov. The male and female gonothecae of Caledoniana decussata Galea, 2015, the female gonothecae of Caledoniana microgona Galea, 2015, as well as the gonothecae of both sexes of Solenoscyphus striatus Galea, 2015 are described for the first time. The systematic position of the genera Solenoscyphus Galea, 2015 and Caledoniana Galea, 2015 is discussed on both morphological and molecular grounds, and both are confidently placed within the family Staurothecidae Maronna et al., 2016. In light of the molecular data, the genera Billardia Totton, 1930 and Dictyocladium Allman, 1888 are assigned to the families Syntheciidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 and Symplectoscyphidae Maronna et al. , 2016, respectively. The previously undescribed gonothecae of Hincksella neocaledonica Galea, 2015, and the male gonothecae of Sertularella tronconica Galea, 2016, were found. Thyroscyphus scorpioides Vervoort, 1993, a peculiar hydroid with putative stem nematothecae, is redescribed and assigned to the new genus Tuberocaulus Galea, gen. nov. Noteworthy new records from the study area are: Tasmanaria edentula (Bale, 1924), Hincksella sibogae Billard, 1918, Dictyocladium reticulatum (Kirchenpauer, 1884), Salacia sinuosa (Bale, 1888) and Billardia hyalina Vervoort & Watson, 2003. Most species are illustrated to facilitate their identification, and the morphology of the new ones is compared to that of their related congeners.

scholarly journals First record of the family Colinauropodidae (Myriapoda, Pauropoda) in China, with the description of three new species

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 947 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Yun Bu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
The Body ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Anal Plate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

The pauropod family Colinauropodidae Scheller, 1985 is recorded from China for the first time. Three new species of the genus Colinauropus Remy, 1956 are described: Colinauropus chinensissp. nov. and C. chongzhouisp. nov. from Jiangsu Province, and C. foliosussp. nov. from Sichuan Province. They can be easily separated from similar species by the number and the shape of sclerotized plates on the tergites, setae on the body and the anal plate. A key for all species of the genus is provided.

scholarly journals Designation of a new family group name, Tonzidae fam. nov., for the genus Tonza (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutoidea), based on immature stages of Tonza citrorrhoa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Kobayashi ◽  
Haruka Matsuoka ◽  
Masaaki Kimura ◽  
Jae-Cheon Sohn ◽  
Yutaka Yoshiyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
First Time

The systematic position of Tonza Walker, 1864 is re-evaluated, based on the characteristics of immature stages and DNA barcodes. Larvae and pupae of Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905 are described and illustrated for the first time. Larvae of this species form a loose web among the leaves and branches of the host plant, Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz. (Putranjivaceae Endl.). The immature stages of Tonza exhibit four unique apomorphies including: in the larva, the prolegs on A5 and A6 absent, and the seta L2 on the A1–A8 very small; in the pupa, four minute knobs are positioned in the middle portion on abdominal segments V and VI; while its caudal processes possess a W-shaped spine with numerous minute spines. These characteristics clearly distinguish Tonza from other yponomeutoid families and hence, we propose a new family group name, Tonzidae Kobayashi & Sohn fam. nov., for the genus Tonza. Existing DNA barcode data suggest a relationship with Glyphipterigidae Stainton, 1854. The family level status of Tonzidae fam. nov. provides a hypothesis that needs to be tested with larger molecular data.

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